F25 - Ships and Marine Technology

ABSTRACT
This practice covers acceptable methods of fabricating and installing rigid pipe hangers used to support shipboard piping systems, it provides guidance for the design of hanger caps, straps and standoffs, selection of hanger and hanger liner materials, hanger bolting, and hanger spacing. The pipe hanger style includes: split cap hanger, 3strap hanger, welded hanger, U-bolt hanger, J band type hanger, Nelson hanger, clamp hanger assembled with mounting channel, poly-block twin clamp hanger, crimp-on weld stud-type hangers, banded weld stud-type hanger, and poly-block single-clamp hanger. Guidance in determining pipe hanger spacing are provided. Special consideration should be given to areas of concentrated loads, such as risers, valves, or groups of fittings, and to piping configurations that could create rotational forces. Hangers need not be lined unless the hanger and pipe are of dissimilar material. All hanger bolts within tanks or other inaccessible areas shall be secured with lock nuts, lock washers, or by some other means. Pipe hangers and standoffs located in areas subject to corrosion, such as in bilges, ballast tanks, and areas exposed to the weather, should be zinc-plated or blasted and coated with inorganic zinc or coated with the same material as that of the surrounding area. Standoffs fabricated from pipe should not be used within tanks. Consideration should be given to thermal growth of the piping when selecting or locating hangers so as not to overstress the piping or hangers.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acceptable methods of fabricating and installing rigid pipe hangers used to support shipboard piping systems with temperatures of 650 °F (343 °C) or less.  
1.2 This practice provides guidance for the design of hanger caps, straps and standoffs, selection of hanger and hanger liner materials, hanger bolting, and hanger spacing.  
1.3 Other hanger designs may be used provided they result in an adequately supported vibration-free piping system and are compatible with the intended system service and temperature limitations.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers selection criteria to assist procurers in selecting the appropriate incinerator for their needs. A number of factors will govern the selection of the size and type of shipboard incinerator and full consideration must be given to each. The installed operating location of the unit is of equal importance to ensure low-cost operating, ease of charging, ease of cleaning, and so forth. The basis for satisfactory incinerator operation is the proper analysis of the waste to be destroyed and the selection of proper equipment to best destroy that particular waste. Shipboard wastes are classified according to types: Type 0; Type 1; Type 2; Type 3; Type 4; Type 5; and Type 6.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers selection criteria to assist procurers in selecting the appropriate incinerator for their needs.  
1.2 This guide is a companion document to Specification F1323.  
1.3 This guide does not apply to incinerator systems on special incinerator ships, for example, for burning industrial wastes such as chemicals, manufacturing residues, and so forth.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of a shipboard fire detection system is to provide warning so as to reduce the life safety threat from fire and to minimize the fire threat to the operation of the ship. Given that few ships are identical either in size or layout, it follows that the fire detection system will have to be custom designed accordingly. A well-designed system provides a reasonable substitute to having crew members on constant fire watch in every protected space where a fire might occur.  
4.2 The basic function of the fire detection system is to automatically and reliably indicate a fire condition as quickly as is practical and to alert responsible individuals of a fire's existence and location. This system design and application guide addresses the individual steps in the layout of the system and provides an overview of the information needed to design a system.  
4.3 The U.S. Coast Guard and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) regulations have been stated as requirements within this guide. Additional guidelines to assure complete and effective systems or to incorporate good industry practices are stated as recommendations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection, installation, maintenance, and testing of shipboard fire detection systems other than sprinkler systems.  
1.2 This guide is intended for use by all persons planning, designing, installing, or using fire alarm systems onboard vessels. As it includes regulatory requirements, this guide addresses those vessels subject to regulations and ship classification rules. However, the principles stated herein are also suitable for unregulated commercial vessels, pleasure craft, military vessels, and similar vessels that are not required to meet regulations for fire detection and alarm systems.  
1.3 Limitations—This guide does not constitute regulations or ship classification rules, which must be consulted when applicable.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements and corresponding test procedures for self-contained shipboard dehumidifiers that use hermetic refrigerant motor-compressors. The components of the dehumidifier, including the motor-compressor, condensing unit, dehumidifying coil, air-circulating fan, and accessories, shall all be enclosed within a metal cabinet. Dehumidifiers shall be evaluated by design capacity test, overload test, inclination test, and corrosion resistance test, and should operate satisfactorily as specified. Requirements for design documentation, schematic drawings, and manufacturer's manual are also considered.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers self-contained dehumidifiers using hermetic refrigerant motor-compressors.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice provides the design and dimensional details required for the proper selection of the type of, and correct installation procedures for, thermal insulation materials suitable for use on piping, machinery, and equipment employed in nonnuclear shipboard applications. The insulation and lagging requirements for the removable covers of valves, fittings, flanges, and machinery or equipment, as well as the requirements for thermal insulating tape, are also detailed completely.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of types and thicknesses of thermal insulation materials for piping, machinery, and equipment for nonnuclear shipboard applications within the temperature ranges specified in Tables 1-16. Methods and materials for installation, including lagging, are also detailed.  
1.2 This practice addresses operating temperatures from a low of –20 °F (–29 °C) up to 1200 °F (649 °C).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides guidance on the minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, installation, and operation of bunker hose transfer assemblies for cryogenic service pertaining to bunkering of LNG-fueled vessels. The bunker hose transfer assemblies addressed by this practice are for connections between the LNG-fueled vessel bunker manifold presentation flange connections and the LNG supplier bunkering manifold presentation flange connections.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements for the design, manufacturing, and deployment of bunker hose transfer assemblies for cryogenic service pertaining to bunkering of liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fueled vessels. The bunker hose transfer assemblies addressed by this practice are for connections between the LNG-fueled vessel bunker manifold presentation flange connections and the LNG supplier bunkering manifold presentation flange connections.  
1.2 Transfer assemblies are suitable for use in multiple maritime bunkering applications, including but not limited to facilities, vessels, trucks, and other LNG bunkering supply services. This practice will directly address the hose assembly, dry quick disconnect couplings (DQD), breakaway couplings, gaskets, insulating flange, strainers, and associated fittings.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for heat-shrink cable entry seals. Cable entry seals are intended for making electrical cable penetrations into connection boxes, bulkheads, or other enclosures. Heat-shrink cable entry seals shall be of the following types: Type I (Types I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, and I-6); Type II (Types II-1, II-2, II-3, and II-4); Type III; and Type IV. The rigid plastic parts shall be made from polyamide (nylon), or polyester material, or both. The following tests shall be performed: conformance testing; mechanical abuse test; and level of effectiveness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for heat-shrink cable entry seals. Cable entry seals are intended for making electrical cable penetrations into connection boxes, bulkheads, or other enclosures. These devices are suitable for both thin wall enclosures up to 5 mm (3/16 in.) thick and thick-wall enclosures of 5 mm to 19 mm (3/16 in. to 3/4 in.) thick.  
1.2 Cable entry seals shall have factory-applied adhesive that provides the seal to wire and cable jackets.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for nylon stuffing tubes and packing assemblies. Nylon stuffing tubes are intended for making electric cable penetrations in marine shipboard enclosures for electrical equipment. The following types are suitable for thin-wall enclosures up to a certain thickness and thick-wall enclosures, bulkheads, and decks of also of a certain thickness. Nylon stuffing tubes shall be classified into four types: Type 1 with straight, unified form thread, Type 2 with 90°, unified form thread, Type 3 with NPT, American standard pipe thread and Type 4 with Y, unified form thread. Materials used for the manufacture of these stuffing tubes and packing assemblies shall include polyamide or nylon and synthetic rubber or neoprene. The sizes and dimensions of stuffing tubes and packing assemblies are completely described. In order determine properties such as vibration resistance, ruggedness, and seal effectiveness of stuffing tubes, the following tests shall be performed: vibration test, mechanical abuse test, and level of effectiveness test. In terms of physical appearance, stuffing tubes shall be free from warp, cracks, chipped edges or surfaces, blisters, uneven surfaces, scratches, dents, and heat marks. They shall be free from fins, burrs, and unsightly finish caused by chipping, filing, or grinding without subsequent buffing or polishing. All molded nylon parts shall be cleaned thoroughly of annealing mediums. Packing assemblies shall be free of voids, pin holes, flash, or other imperfections, that may impair their serviceability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for nylon stuffing tubes and packing assemblies. Nylon stuffing tubes are intended for making electric cable penetrations in marine shipboard enclosures for electrical equipment. The following types are suitable for both thin-wall enclosures up to 5 mm (3/16 in.) thick and thick-wall enclosures, bulkheads, and decks of 5 mm to 19 mm (3/16 in. to 3/4 in.) thick.  
1.2 This specification does not cover metal stuffing tubes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Splicing of cables in the shipbuilding industry, both in Navy and commercial undertakings, has been concentrated in repair, conversion, or overhaul programs. However, many commercial industries, including aerospace and nuclear power, have standards defining cable splicing methods and materials that establish the quality of the splice to prevent loss of power or signal, ensure circuit continuity, and avoid potential catastrophic failures. This guide presents cable splicing techniques and hardware for application to commercial and Navy shipbuilding to support the concept of modular ship construction.  
4.2 This guide resulted from a study that evaluated the various methods of cable splicing, current technologies, prior studies and recommendations, performance testing, and the expertise of manufacturers and shipbuilders in actual cabling splicing techniques and procedures.  
4.3 The use of this guide by a shipbuilder will establish cabling splicing systems that are: simple and safe to install; waterproof; corrosion- and impact-resistant; industry accepted with multiple suppliers available; low-cost methods; and suitable for marine, Navy, and IEC cables.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides direction and recommends cable splicing materials and methods that would satisfy the requirements of extensive cable splicing in modular ship construction and offers sufficient information and data to assist the shipbuilder in evaluating this option of cable splicing for future ship construction.  
1.2 This guide deals with cable splicing at a generic level and details a method that will satisfy the vast majority of cable splicing applications.  
1.3 This guide covers acceptable methods of cable splicing used in shipboard cable systems and provides information on current applicable technologies and additional information that the shipbuilder may use in decision making for the cost effectiveness of splicing in electrical cable installations.  
1.4 This guide is limited to applications of 2000 V or less, but most of the materials and methods discussed are adaptable to higher voltages, such as 5-kV systems. The cables of this guide relate to all marine cables, domestic and foreign, commercial or U.S. Navy.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers steel expanded-metal bulkhead panels suitable for use in storerooms, shops, and as protection against personnel hazards. Bulkhead panels are furnished in three types as follows: type I - universal bulkhead panels for use as both a right-hand or left-hand panel, type II - right-hand bulkhead panel, and type III - left-hand bulkhead panel. Bulkhead panels are furnished in two classes as follows: class A - bulkhead panels, 2 ft; and class B - bulkhead panels, 3 ft. Expanded-metal panels shall be free from all cracks, burrs, sharp edges, and other defects. The panel manufacturer shall apply a nonhazardous corrosion-inhibiting primer coating to all panel assemblies.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel expanded-metal bulkhead panels suitable for use in storerooms, shops, and as protection against personnel hazards.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the design and dimensional requirements for the construction of steel staples, handgrabs, and handles that are for use on steel structures including all parts of a ships' structure as necessary, as well as individual stirrup rungs that are for use on bulkheads or structures as deemed necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers design, construction for steel staples, handgrabs, handles, and individual stirrup rungs.  
1.2 The staples, handgrabs, and handles depicted in this specification are for use on steel structures including all parts of ships' structure as necessary. The individual stirrup rungs are for use on bulkheads or structure as deemed necessary.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers warping heads used with windlass, winch, and capstan drive units to pull rope on board ships. Warping heads are primarily for use with fiber rope, natural, or synthetic. Warping heads with external ribs or whelps on the barrel, notched flanges, attached storage drums, unfinished drums, or non heat-treated fabrications, are considered special. The size of the warping head shall be identified by the nominal barrel diameter measured at the smallest point of the barrel. These warping heads are furnished in two types: Type I is with a cylindrical barrel which is generally used in but not restricted to horizontal shaft applications and Type II is with a conical barrel which is mounted with the large end of the barrel toward the drive machinery. It is generally used in but not restricted to vertical shaft applications. On the other hand, the warping heads are divided into four grades according to composition: Grade 1 is fabricated from any combination of structural steel plate, pipe, tubing, or steel castings and joined by electric welding; Grade 2 is made from mild to medium strength steel; Grade 3 is fabricated from any combination of steel plate or steel castings and joined by electric welding; and Grade 4 is cast from high strength steel castings. Principal dimensions, tolerances, and strength requirements are discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers warping heads used with windlass, winch, and capstan drive units to pull rope on board ships. Warping heads are primarily for use with fiber rope, natural, or synthetic.  
1.2 Warping heads with external ribs or whelps on the barrel, notched flanges, attached storage drums, unfinished drums, or non heat-treated fabrications, are considered special and are permitted within the scope of this specification when fully described under special ordering information.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice provides the three principal methods of fitting chocks to marine machinery foundations to ensure that the machinery is free of vibration and perfectly aligned after installation.  
3.1.1 The three principal methods of installing chocks described herein are as follows:
3.1.1.1 Type A—Epoxy-based resin, nonshrinking, and
3.1.1.2 Type B—Two-piece wedge chocks.
3.1.1.3 Type C—Solid, one-piece fitted chocks.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the acceptable methods of fitting chocks to marine machinery foundations.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice establishes the procedure for the construction and installation of platforms to be fabricated and installed by the shipyards within the cargo tanks.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers design, construction, and installation criteria for platforms in cargo tanks.  
1.2 Where platforms are attached to ladders see Figs. 1-4.
FIG. 1 Cargo Platform—Bulkhead  
FIG. 2 Cargo Platform Elevation  
FIG. 3 Cargo Platform—Girder  
FIG. 4 Cargo Platforms Showing Typical Sections  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are included for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hollow welded horn type cleats and pads for marine use. The cleats shall be used where securing of boat handling lines are required onboard commercial and navy boats and crafts. The horn cleats shall be of galvanized steel, grade 1023W; the base plate shall be of the prescribed steel composition; and all chafing surfaces shall have the specified finish. The cleats’ horns shall be of cast steel, round in shape, and free of burrs or sharp edges. The requirements for welding of horns to a base plate are illustrated. The dimensional requirements for cleat, rope circumference, and roper diameter are specified. Requirements for packaging and product marking are given as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hollow cleats and pads for marine use.  
1.2 The cleats shall be used where securing of boat handling lines are required onboard commercial and navy boats and crafts.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers steel expanded-metal doors suitable for installation in expanded-metal bulkheads, structural bulkheads, and structural arches. Expanded-metal doors are furnished in four types: Type I (right hand), Type II (left hand), Type III (right hand reverse) and Type IV (left hand reverse). Doors shall be furnished with the vertical support channels and top angle in place. A temporary brace shall be included at the frame bottom to prevent racking. Doors shall be fitted with rubber-tipped bumpers and a manually operated catch for holding doors in an open position. Provision shall be made for the installation of a rim latch set operated by knobs on both sides. Doors and frames shall be free from all cracks, burrs, sharp edges, and other defects.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel expanded-metal doors suitable for installation in expanded-metal bulkheads, structural bulkheads, and structural arches.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the principal dimensions and the mechanical requirements for manufacturing individually dogged, airtight/gastight double doors of steel and aluminum construction for personnel access through bulkheads, complete with frames, intended to maintain the structural and the air and gas tightness integrity of the bulkheads.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification, to be used in conjunction with Specification F1073, covers the principal dimensions and the mechanical requirements for manufacturing steel and aluminum individually dogged, airtight/gastight double doors for personnel access through bulkheads, complete with frames, intended to maintain the structural and the air and gas tightness integrity of the bulkheads.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Test Methods portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for the construction of standard and custom-built interior steel doors and frames intended for use in staterooms, lavatories, passageways, and other weather-protected areas of ships, including U.S. Coast Guard certificated vessels, with domestic routes. The doors and frames are to be of hollow metal construction with the door insulated for sound or fire. The doors and frames shall conform to the specified dimensional and construction procedures established for each class and type, which shall be indicated in the ordering information.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the construction of standard and custom-built interior steel doors and frames for ships including U.S. Coast Guard certificated vessels with domestic routes.  
1.2 Doors and frames are to be hollow metal construction with the door insulated for sound or fire.  
1.3 The doors are intended for use in staterooms, lavatories, passageways, and other areas protected from weather.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the construction of marine berths for officers, crew, and passengers. Berths shall be classified according to types: Type I; Type IA; Type II; Type IIA; Type III; and Type IIIA. Metal components shall be joined by welding. Spotweld depressions, on exposed surfaces, shall be spot filled and sanded. Side and end panels shall be suitably stiffened to prevent buckling or oil-canning. Sound deadening shall be vermin proof and applied to unstiffened areas where needed, and in thickness required, to sound deaden berth. The completed berth assembly with drawers installed, but without a mattress or box spring, shall satisfy the corresponding performance requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the construction of marine berths for officers, crew, and passengers.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and design requirements for the manufacture of two types of steel deck gear stowage boxes. This specification, though, does not include life preserver or pyrotechnic stowages. The materials used in the construction of this box and its packaging shall be free of asbestos and cadmium, and the entire finished assembly shall be free of weld spatter, slag, splinters, sharp edges, projections, and other defects that may be hazardous to personnel.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, material, and manufacture of steel deck gear stowage boxes.  
1.2 This specification shall not be used for life preserver or pyrotechnic stowage.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are included for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides design and construction details for Panama Canal pilot platforms placed aboard the vessel. Platforms shall conform to the requirements of the Panama Canal Commission and Title 35 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The platforms shall be welded-aluminum construction. Decking shall be serrated-aluminum grating. Canopy shall be of vinyl-nylon construction with sewn seams and metallic grommets. Finally, canopy tie-downs shall be of a specified nylon line thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers design and construction details for pilot platforms.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test method provides information regarding the behavior of a non-structural A, B, or C-Class bulkhead panel system under a static load. Test data for load, moment and deformation is measured.  
4.2 Static load test of non-structural marine joiner panel systems provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the loading type and magnitude of the standard test. Such applications shall require additional tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the strength of non structural marine joiner of A, B, and C-Class bulkhead and liner systems. A, B, and C-Class bulkheads are defined and discussed in 2.1.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. process. MAFs covered here are classified into the following design types: Type I—radially swaged MAF (permanent); Type II—flared MAF (separable); Type III—flareless (bite-type) MAF (separable); Type IV—grip-type MAF (separable); Type V—shape memory alloy (SMA) MAF (permanent); and Type VI—axially swaged MAF (permanent). Moreover, the MAFs shall be made from on or more of the following material grade: Grade A—carbon steel; Grade B—stainless steel; Grade C—nickel-copper; Grade D—copper-nickel; Grade E—brass; and Grade F—nickel titanium. The MAFs shall also be grouped into ten classes according to their pressure ratings. The standard qualification tests to which the MAFs shall perform satisfactorily are pneumatic proof test, hydrostatic proof test, impulse test, flexure fatigue test, tensile test, hydrostatic burst test, repeated assembly test, rotary flexure test, and mercurous nitrate test. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical deformation or created independently. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification process.  
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified in part or whole by the purchaser in the order. Unless otherwise specified, U.S. Navy contracts shall invoke the supplementary requirements in whole.  
1.3 Unless specific MAF types are specified, the term “MAF” shall apply to all types described herein.  
1.4 The tests specified in Section 13 and described in Annex A1 and the Supplementary Requirements Section are applicable only to ascertain the performance characteristics of MAFs. These tests are not intended for use in the evaluation of non-MAF products.  
1.5 A fire performance test is specified in Supplementary Requirement S7. This test provides general guidelines to determine the responsiveness of MAFs when subjected to fire. This test should not be considered for use to evaluate non-MAF products.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the tests listed in Section 13 and the tests described in the Supplementary Requirements Section and the annexes of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is applicable to fixed foam firefighting systems, including foam generation equipment, foam distribution system piping and valves, sprinkler arrangement and operation, hose reel unit operation, and system controls, as those components are included in the system for a particular application.  
4.1.1 Foam systems for machinery spaces are tested using those portions of this test method which apply to the installed components. Suitable adaptation of this test method is made for use with systems which do not include all hardware components described herein.  
4.1.2 Deck foam systems are tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s design criteria.  
4.2 This test method demonstrates: satisfactory installation of an entire fixed foam/sprinkling system and its associated controls; and effective operation of portions of the foam distribution system and foam maker sprinkling nozzles for selected zones.  
4.2.1 This test method verifies application rates and areas of coverage for each type of discharge device of the fixed foam firefighting system.  
4.2.2 The satisfactory operation of the system in the selected zones is a measure of overall system capacity and anticipated operation for emergency use. The test, however, may not be representative of all emergency operating conditions that may vary with changes in the number of zones that are activated simultaneously, the material condition of the distribution and sprinkling components as they are maintained over time, and restoration of the system following its use for testing or actual emergencies.  
4.3 Test procedures shall be prepared for the conduct of tests of foam firefighting systems in specific vessels. Those procedures shall be tailored to the system design for the system as installed and operated in each vessel.  
4.3.1 Tests accomplished in accordance with approved test procedures may be sufficient to demonstrate that the vessel meets the regulatory and classification requirements for the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers shipboard, fixed (installed) foam/sprinkling firefighting systems.  
1.2 Satisfactory completion of these tests indicates functional performance of the fixed foam firefighting system and may be used to demonstrate the system installation’s compliance with the design characteristics of the system.  
1.3 Tests made in conformity with this test method are intended to demonstrate the installation and operation of an installed, fixed foam firefighting system. As it includes regulatory requirements, this standard addresses those vessels subject to regulations and ship classification rules. However, the methods stated herein are suitable for unregulated commercial vessels, pleasure craft, military vessels, and similar vessels that are not required to meet regulations for firefighting systems.  
1.4 Limitations:  
1.4.1 International requirements, national regulations, and ship classification rules must be consulted. The following regulatory requirements and classification society rules were considered in the preparation of this test method:
1.4.1.1 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 SOLAS Convention, 1978 SOLAS Protocol, and the 1981 and 1983 SOLAS Amendments, II-2/8, “Fixed low-expansion foam extinguishing systems in machinery spaces,”
1.4.1.2 U.S. Government regulations included in 46 CFR 76, 46 CFR 95, and 46 CFR 108 as those regulations are written and enforced by the United States Cost Guard, and
1.4.1.3 The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels. However, the owner will designate the specific classification society which is to be used to classify a particular vessel.  
1.4.2 The requirements, regulations, and rules for a specific design must be selected by the owner based on the planned operating profile for the vessel.  
1.4.3 This test method reflects international requirements, U.S. Government regulations...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the principal dimensions and materials of closed chocks for installation on ships used for mooring. It specifies the classification of chocks, their dimension requirements, and strength requirements. It also demonstrates the proper horizontal and vertical loading for Type A and Type B chocks.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the principal dimensions and materials of closed chocks for installation on ships used for mooring.  
1.2 Chocks can be used with either wire rope or fiber and synthetic ropes.  
1.3 Chocks are for mounting directly on a deck, seat (foundation), or for mounting in a bulwark.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers manually operated fueling hose reels for use with collapsible and noncollapsible hose. Fueling hose reels shall be of one of the following types as specified: type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4. The hose reel shall be of a durable, rigid construction, as light in weight and compact as practicable. The reel drum may have either smoothly formed flat sides or suitable spoke ribs, so formed as not to damage the hose. Reels shall be provided with a holding brake to lock the reel in any position. The reel shall be fitted with a device for clamping the hose nozzle securely to the reel to prevent unwinding of the hose and damage to the nozzle. The reel hub discharge shall be angled to provide a smooth tangential contact of the hose with the reel drum. The reel shall have an aromatic fuels tight rotating joint between reel inlet connection and the rotating hub on the reel drum. The reel inlet connection shall be flanged, the flange being part of the rotating swivel joint. Hydrostatic tset and operating test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers manually operated fueling hose reels for use with collapsible and noncollapsible hose.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 12 of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the principal dimensions and materials of chocks installed in ships to comply with the regulations of the Panama Canal. It indicates the workmanship, finish, and appearance of deck mounted chocks, along with the configuration of bulwark mounted chocks. The dimension requirements and classification of chocks are included as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the principal dimensions and materials of chocks installed in ships to comply with the regulations of the Panama Canal.  
1.2 Chocks can be used with either wire rope or fiber and synthetic ropes.  
1.3 Chocks are for mounting directly on a deck, seat (foundation) or for mounting in a bulwark.  
1.4 To meet Panama Canal Company regulations the radius of contact surfaces of lines must be 180 mm.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The symbols depicted represent the following:  
3.1.1 Equipment required during evacuation or rescue,  
3.1.2 Location of muster stations in preparation for evacuation or rescue, or  
3.1.3 The sequence of events for operation of survival craft.  
3.2 Where station numbers are used with another symbol, they should be abutted to the right hand side of the other symbol.  
3.3 Arrows may be used with any other symbol and, where feasible, should point in the direction of the equipment or station by being abutted to the symbol on the edge toward which the arrow is pointing.  
3.4 Symbols that indicate station or equipment location should be in white on a green background (see Figs. 1 and 2).    
3.5 Symbols that specify the operating sequence of survival craft should be in white on a blue background (see Fig. 3).    
3.6 Symbols used as legends in station bills, lifesaving equipment arrangement plans or drawings, or other posters, need not meet the dimensions specified in 3.7.  
3.7 Symbols used as markers to indicate the location of stations or equipment should be sized in accordance with 3.7.1 or 3.7.2.  
3.7.1 Station number symbol dimensions should be a minimum of 150 mm in height by 75 mm in width (6 in. by 3 in.).  
3.7.1.1 Station number symbol dimensions of 600 mm by 300 mm (24 in. by 12 in.) should be used for greater prominence with the larger muster station symbol specified in 3.7.2.1.  
3.7.2 Other symbol dimensions should be a minimum of 150 mm by 150 mm (6 in. by 6 in.), except:
3.7.2.1 A muster station symbol with dimensions of 600 mm by 600 mm (24 in. by 24 in.) may be used in conjunction with the larger station number symbol specified in 3.7.1.1.  
3.8 Symbols depicted in Figs. 1 and 2 should represent the survival craft that is actually provided.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers those symbols to be used to identify the location and operation of lifesaving equipment related to evacuation of personnel in the marine environment.  
1.2 The symbols depicted should be used whenever graphic representation could assist personnel in locating their emergency stations and equipment and in the operation of such equipment.  
1.3 Posters or signs depicting these symbols should be placed in conspicuous locations in the vicinity of survival craft, their launching controls, or other lifesaving equipment.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Muster lists are intended to provide both an effective plan for assigning personnel stations and duties in the event of any forseeable emergency, as well as a quick visual reference that a crewmember can look at to find out where to go, what to bring, and what duties to perform in the event of an emergency and must be posted at all times.  
3.2 The station bill has been changed to muster list. The term station bill may be used optionally.  
3.3 Since no two classes of vessels or facilities are identical, muster lists must be tailored for individual vessels or facilities.  
3.4 Muster lists are intended to be posted in conspicuous locations throughout the vessel for the use of the crew.  
3.5 Posted muster lists shall be at least 600 mm by 750 mm (24 in. by 30 in.).  
3.6 Muster lists shall outline the special duties and duty stations for each member of the crew, including the chain of command, for the various emergencies.  
3.7 As far as possible, duties shall be comparable with the regular work of the individual.  
3.8 The muster list shall set forth the various signals to be used for the calling of the crew to their stations and for giving instructions to them while at their stations as outlined in Section 4.  
3.9 The muster list shall illustrate the purpose of controls.  
3.10 The muster list shall illustrate the procedure for operating the launching device.  
3.11 The muster list shall give relevant instructions or warnings.  
3.12 The muster list should be able to be seen easily under emergency lighting conditions.  
3.13 The muster list must also display the symbols in accordance with IMO Resolution A.760(18).  
3.14 The final muster list should be as simple as possible; and an accurate and up-to-date muster list should be maintained.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth the elements to be included in an emergency muster list, including emergency signals, and its location on a vessel or facility. This practice also includes emergency instructions for passengers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to define and identify best practices for minimum requirements for the design, installation, and application of Type C portable tanks for marine service on LNG fueled vessels for service as a LNG fuel tank. These best practices provide added detail to the requirements in 6.5 of the IGF Code to facilitate consistent and practical implementation of those requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to identify and define the minimum requirements for the best practices in the design, installation, and application of Type C portable tanks in marine liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel tank service used on LNG-fueled vessels.  
1.2 This guide comprises the necessary guidance for regulatory compliance in addition to the requirements of the IMO IGF Code, along with the risk assessment considerations to detail the criteria for design, location, configuration, associated safety systems, and periodic system inspections. Included in the safety systems criteria would be leakage/spill detection and containment, water spray protection, emergency shutdown, grounding requirements, pressure relief to a fixed venting system, associated alarms, and color code markings for system identification. The locating and securing of suitable tank types with associated systems for marine service that will ensure compliant vessel stability with appropriate access to critical systems and connections for emergency response and vessel egress will also be addressed in this guide.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the minimum requirements for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection and testing of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints used to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movements of terminal equipment and supporting structures. This specification indicates the ordering information for each expansion joint, such as the dimensional limitations, internal liner, end fittings, and flow medium. It also identifies the quality workmanship requirements, materials needed for manufacture, and other possible requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection and testing of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints used to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movements of terminal equipment and supporting structures.  
1.2 Additional or better features, over and above the minimum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibited by this specification.  
1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherent flexibility through natural changes in direction so that any displacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains, within acceptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherent flexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibility through the use of metallic bellows-type expansion joints.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the classifications of and basic requirements for thermosetting fiberglass reinforced resin pipe systems with nominal pipe sizes (NPS) 1 through 48 in. (25 through 1200 mm) which are to be used for all fluids approved by the authority having jurisdiction in marine piping systems. The piping system shall adhere to specified requirements such as internal and external pressure, fire endurance, flame spread, smoke and other toxic products of combustion, temperature, material compatibility, electrical resistance, static charge shielding, potable water usage, glass content, and wall thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced thermosetting resin pipe systems with nominal pipe sizes (NPS) 1 in. through 48 in. (25 mm through 1200 mm) which are to be used for all fluids approved by the authority having jurisdiction in marine piping systems.  
1.2 The dimensionless designator NPS has been substituted for traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods which are included in this specification.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice provides guidance in the selection of manual and power-actuated valve operators. The selection criteria for manual valve operators apply to handwheels and tee-wrenches. The selection criteria for power-actuated valve operators, on the other hand, apply to stem nut and handwheel driven valve operators of the electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic types.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance in the selection of manual and power-actuated valve operators.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of ball joints utilized for accommodating thermal expansion and contraction, or mechanical movement of a pipeline carrying fluid. Ball joints shall be designed to conform to the requirements prescribed. Flex cycle test, thermal cycling test, and hydrostatic test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of ball joints utilized for accommodating thermal expansion and contraction, or mechanical movement of a pipeline carrying fluid. The ball joints are intended for use in systems operating above 0 °F (18 °C).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 The guide provides information and clarity to support the health and maintenance of Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs) on maritime vessels and platforms to promote effective operations and performance throughout the lifecycle. This includes identification of chemicals and their derivatives that can be detrimental to proper MSD operations. This guide will promote better understanding of the impacts of certain chemicals on the health and operations of MSD systems, plus provide guidance to inform operators of best practices and procedures for effective operations and maintenance. This guide is designed to assist both operators and MSD Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in collaboratively working to ensure effective operations and maintenance, and to reduce performance degradations that result from the introduction of harmful chemicals. The primary application of this guide is to Type II MSDs (described in Section 4), installed on larger ships and employing biological treatment of sewage and gray water.
Note 1: This guide does not constitute regulations or ship classification society rules, which should be consulted where applicable.  
1.2 Manufacturers preparing new product specifications or revising existing ones should follow the practices and procedures outlined herein, and be guided by the latest specifications covering similar commodities. Similarly, vessel owner/operators should consult this guide regarding in-service operations and maintenance.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cast sound-signalling bells, together with bulkhead mounting plates for the smaller bells, for use on ships, boats, and other marine craft, for compliance with the rules in the convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. Bell bodies, clappers, and other cast fittings and parts shall be copper alloy. Fittings such as bolts, nuts, washers, pins, and supporting lugs shall be of copper alloy compatible with the bell castings. Bells shall have full, clear, round, and farreaching tones. The sound pressure level shall not be less than 110 dB at a distance of 1 m from it. Acoustic tests shall be conducted only for the 200 mm heavy and larger bells to check the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cast sound-signalling bells, together with bulkhead mounting plates for the smaller bells, for use on ships, boats, and other marine craft, for compliance with the rules in the convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (commonly called Colregs).2 See Appendix X1.  
1.2 Bells and bulkhead mounting plate shall be sized as indicated in Section 4 (see Appendix X2).  
1.3 For consistency with International Regulations, all measurements are in SI units.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements applicable to design, construction and testing of sealless, rotary positive displacement pumps with oil-through motors for ship lubricating oil service. The complete pump and motor assembly is referred to as canned lube oil pump (CLP). This specification applies to CLPs pumping oil with a SAE rating of 20–50.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines classification, materials, test requirements, inspection certification, marking and packaging of fittings for use with gasketed mechanical couplings used in piping applications. These fittings are classified into the following design types: Type I and Type II. The design of the fittings may be qualified by mathematical analysis in accordance with piping codes.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines classification, materials, test requirements, inspection certification, marking and packaging of fittings for use with gasketed mechanical couplings complying to Specification F1476.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides design and construction criteria for large diameter flanges for use in high temperature, low pressure service such as internal combustion engine exhaust and forced ventilation systems. The flanges shall be classified according to types as follows: Type I and Type II. Number of holes, hole diameter, and bolt circle are identical for both Type I and Type II flanges. Drilling of flanges shall be in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides design and construction criteria for large diameter flanges sizes 14 NPS to 144 NPS, for use in high temperature (1000 °F), low pressure service (25 psig), such as internal combustion engine exhaust and forced ventilation systems.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought carbon steel sleeve type pipe couplings suitable for joining carbon steel pipes. Couplings are furnished in two types as follows: Type I couplings are intended for use on all schedules of pipe in which the pipe wall thickness does not exceed the wall thickness of standard weight pipe. Type II couplings are intended for use on all schedules of pipe in which the pipe wall thickness does not exceed the wall thickness of extra strong pipe. The couplings shall be manufactured from material having a chemical composition conforming to the requirements specified. Couplings made from plate or tubular products need not to be heat treated. Hot-formed couplings finished at a temperature in excess of a certain value shall subsequently be annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. Cold-formed couplings upon which the final forming operation is completed at a temperature below a certain quantity shall be normalized or shall be stress-relieved. Carbon steel couplings made from forgings shall subsequently be annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. Mechanical properties of steel such as tensile strength, yield strength, yield point, and elongation shall be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought carbon steel sleeve-type pipe couplings suitable for joining carbon steel pipes.  
1.2 Type I couplings are intended for use on all schedules of pipe in which the pipe wall thickness does not exceed the wall thickness of standard weight pipe. Type II couplings are intended for use on all schedules of pipe in which the pipe wall thickness does not exceed the wall thickness of extra strong pipe.  
1.3 This specification does not cover cast steel couplings.  
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for rationale used to develop this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The maximum length and minimum diameter of the pipe shall be determined by the capacity of the blast equipment used.  
3.2 This guide is recommended for removing mill scale, rust scale, paints, zincs, and oxides.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers metallic abrasive blasting to descale the interior of carbon steel pipe.  
1.2 This guide is recommended for use in conjunction with an abrasive reclamation system.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for sacrificial anodes of zinc alloy in the form of slabs, plates, discs, and rods for corrosion protection (cathodic protection) of metals and alloys. These anodes are primarily intended to reduce corrosion of surface ship and submarine hulls, steel and aluminum equipment and structures, sea chests, sonar domes, and the seawater side of condensers and other heat exchangers. The anodes are available either as cast-in cores (Class 1) or plain with no cores (Class 2). Class 1 anodes shall be of the following types: Type ZHS—hull slabs with steel straps; Type ZHB—hull slabs with brass straps; Type ZHC—hull slabs with core straps; Type ZSS—submarine slabs with steel straps; Type ZTS—teardrop shapes with steel straps; Type ZEP—heat exchanger or fair water discs (pipe core or pipe bushing core) that are in the form of square slabs (Style A), circular slabs (Style B), and semicircular slabs (Style C); Type ZBP—bars with pipe cores; and Type ZDM—segmented discs with machine formed interlocking cores. Conversely, Class 2 anodes shall be of the following types: Type ZRN—extruded, drawn or rolled rods; and Type ZPN—rolled plates. Anodes shall conform to material and manufacture, chemical composition, mechanical property, and dimensional requirements specified uniquely for each type.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for zinc anodes in the form of slabs, plates, discs, and rods for corrosion protection (cathodic protection) of metals and alloys.  
1.2 The anodes are primarily intended to reduce corrosion of surface ship and submarine hulls, steel and aluminum equipment and structures, sea chests, sonar domes, and the seawater side of condensers and other heat exchangers.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns. Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four general construction types, as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; and Type IV. Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general classes, as follows: Class I; Class II; and Class III. Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes. Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, tensile set test, compression set test, accelerated aging test, aging exposure, ultraviolet light-water exposure, discharge calibration test, flow pattern test, flushing test, control tests, corrosion exposure, high temperature test, low temperature test, rough usage test, leakage test, hydrostatic pressure test, operator protection test, and horizontal distance shall be performed to conform with specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers gongs for use on ships of certain length, as required by International Regulations. The gong cylinder, brackets, clapper rod, "U" bracket, washers, and clapper support pin shall be made of stainless steel. The clapper mass shall be made of cast alloy steel. In addition, the support bolt, nut, flat washer, and cotter pins shall be made of stainless steel compatible with the other materials. The general arrangement of the assembled gong, as well as details of the gong cylinder, brackets, clapper, and miscellaneous fittings are presented. The sound characteristics of these gongs shall be determined by an acoustic test. These gongs shall be free from cracks, burrs, sharp cutting edges, and other defects affecting their life, appearance, and serviceability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers gongs for use on ships 100 m or more in length, as required by International Regulations (see Appendix X1).  
1.2 For consistency with International Regulations, all measurements are in SI units.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for pneumatic rotary descaling machines for removal of paint, rust, scale, nonskid deck covering and other coatings from steel and aluminum structures. These portable machines are intended for use in a marine environment, subject to salt air and spray during use and high humidity during storage. De scaling machines are available in two types and two classes, as follows: Type 1 which is the hand-held and Type 2 which is the deck-supported type. Both types have two classes which are Class A in inch-pound design and Class B in SI metric design. Hubs for use with descaling machines are also available in four classes: Class A is a hub that is non-metallic, nonwoven and non-contaminating, Class B is a peening hub for aluminum surfaces, Class C is a hub of metallic hammer type used for steel surfaces and Class D is a hub of metallic cutter type use for steel surfaces. A service life test shall be conducted on an uncoated steel test plate and each hub shall be subjected to a performance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for pneumatic rotary descaling machines for removal of paint, rust, scale, nonskid deck covering, and other coatings from steel and aluminum structures. These portable machines are intended for use in a marine environment, subject to salt air and spray during use and high humidity during storage.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 12, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 17.2.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, and testing of devices to prevent marine tank liquid overpressurization (hereafter called spill valves). Materials of construction shall be suitable for the service intended and resistant to the attack by the liquid carried in the tank being protected. Corrosion test, hydrostatic test, performance test, freeze test, vapor tightness test, seaworthiness test, and production test shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, and testing of devices to prevent marine tank liquid overpressurization (hereafter called spill valves).  
1.2 The spill valves provided in accordance with this specification will satisfy Regulation 1I-2/59.1.6 of the 1981 and 1983 Amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS), which states: “Provision shall be made to guard against liquid rising in the venting system to a height which would exceed the design head of the cargo tank. This shall be accomplished by high level alarms or overflow control systems or other equivalent means, together with gaging devices and cargo tank filling procedures.''  
1.3 The spill valves are not intended for the venting of vapors or the relief of vapor overpressurization or underpressurization of marine tanks.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the materials, dimensions, and assembly of steel and aluminum rat guards intended to prevent rats from boarding ships by way of mooring lines. Rat guards shall be classified into three types, namely: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I rat guards shall be made of the prescribed aluminum-alloy sheet metal; Type II rat guards shall be made of the prescribed galvanized sheet steel; and Type III rat guards shall be made of either of these specified materials. Types I and II rat guards shall be provided with the following: hinge bolt, guide and tie rope, and grommet. Type III rat guards shall consist of two half disks and two half tapered sleeves and the hinge bolt provided with each rat guard shall consist of a commercial hexagon head bolt, nut, and washer, all made of corrosion resistant steel. The dimensional requirements such as thickness of disk, sleeve, and guide for galvanized steel or aluminum sleeve of Type III rat guard are specified. Type I and Type II rat guard configurations and Type III rat guard assembly are detailed and illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the materials, dimensions, and assembly of steel and aluminum rat guards.  
1.2 Rat guards are intended to prevent rats from boarding ships by way of mooring lines.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is designed to be used both onboard a vessel and by the operating entity ashore. It should be recognized that this guide provides general information applicable across all sectors of the maritime industry. Because of the nature of pandemics, it cannot provide detailed information concerning a specific type of pandemic, nor can it provide specific recommendations applicable to all sectors of the maritime industry. It should be used to provide a starting point and reference as to the best practices and actions that should be taken to protect the vessel and its crew and passengers.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information, best practices, or a series of options, or combinations thereof, to be used by the maritime industry to assist with continuity of international and domestic maritime operations during a pandemic. The information provided herein may also be useful when a vessel is in an area with a localized epidemic as well. The focus of this guide is on actions to protect a vessel’s crew and passengers from the effects of a pandemic to the greatest extent possible.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thermal insulating bricks made from fire clay that are used as backup insulation for refractory furnace linings of boiler furnaces. The bricks shall be composed of heat-resistant materials that have been burned or fired to produce the desired density, strength, and structure. Representative bricks shall be tested, and shall conform accordingly to specified values of bulk density, modulus of rupture, and reheat change.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of thermal insulating brick for industrial or marine boiler furnaces. Type I is a special, 2500 °F (1371 °C) maximum service temperature, insulating firebrick that is used as backup insulation for refractory furnace linings.2 Type II is a standard insulating brick that, in general, is used where there may be direct contact with combustion gases, such as forge and stress relieving furnaces.3  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 To achieve success in ship construction, it is necessary for the ship owner and the ship builder to agree on the level of quality in the final product. Classification rules, regulatory requirements, and ship specifications all help to define an acceptable level of construction quality; however, this guidance alone is not sufficient. It is up to the shipbuilder, therefore, to describe the level of workmanship sufficiently that will be reflected in the delivered ship, and for the ship owner to communicate their expectations effectively for the final product.  
4.2 It is the intent of this document to contribute to these objectives in the following ways:  
4.2.1 To describe a reasonable acceptable level of workmanship for commercial vessels built in the United States.  
4.2.2 To provide a baseline from which individual shipyards can begin to develop their own product and process standards in accordance with generally accepted practice in the commercial marine industry.  
4.2.3 To provide a foundation for negotiations between the shipbuilder and the ship owner in reaching a common expectation of construction quality.  
4.3 The acceptance criteria herein are based on currently practiced levels of quality generally achieved by leading international commercial shipbuilders. These criteria are not intended to be a hard standard with which all U.S. shipyards must comply. Rather, they are intended to provide guidance and recommendations in the key areas that play a major role in customer satisfaction and cost-effective ship construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice consists of three annexes: hull structure, outfitting, and coating. The subject of these annexes was selected for several reasons. Other commercial shipbuilding nations already have in place widely recognized standards of expectations in these areas. These constitute the most significant areas where workmanship is a critical factor in customer satisfaction. The cost associated with the labor involved in these three areas is a significant factor in construction man-hours and overall schedules.  
1.2 The standard criteria provided in this practice are intended to apply to conventional, commercial ship construction. In many cases, specialized, nonconventional vessels using nonstandard materials or built-to-serve sole requirements may require unique acceptance criteria that are beyond those provided in this practice.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.