ASTM F2876-10(2015)

Standard Practice for Thermal Rating and Installation of Internal Combustion Engine Packages for use in Hazardous Locations in Marine Applications

ABSTRACT
This practice covers methods of testing, rating, and installation of internal combustion engine packages used in hazardous areas in marine applications. The purpose of this practice is to thermally rate engine packages, and provide additional installation recommendations to reduce the risk of igniting ignitable mixtures that may be present near the hazardous areas of marine vessels. In this specification, only a marine engine suitable for the service, designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of 3.2.1, is considered. Thermal rating of the engine is determined by the actual readings of engine and exhausts system temperatures within hazardous areas, as defined by the requirements and references in Practices 2.2 and 2.3 or as designated by the authority.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method of testing, rating and installation of internal combustion engine packages for use in hazardous areas in marine applications. The thermal rating of the engine is determined by the actual readings of engine and exhaust system temperatures within hazardous areas, as defined by references in 2.2 and 2.3of this practice, or as designated by the authority having jurisdiction, or both. The goal of this practice is to thermally rate engine packages, and provide additional installation recommendations, in order to reduce the risk of igniting the ignitable mixtures that may be present within the hazardous areas of marine vessels.  
1.2 Only a marine engine suitable for the service, designed and constructed in conformance with the requirements of 3.1.2, is considered.  
1.3 The system of units in this practice shall be SI (metric) form, along with the standard (English) system equivalent placed in parentheses, for example, 20°C (68°F).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 47.020.20 - Marine engines and propulsion systems
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.07 - General Requirements

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2876 −10 (Reapproved 2015) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Thermal Rating and Installation of Internal Combustion
Engine Packages for use in Hazardous Locations in Marine
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2876; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 IEC Standards:
IEC 60092 Electrical installations in ships—Part 502:
1.1 This practice covers the method of testing, rating and
Tankers-Special features
installation of internal combustion engine packages for use in
2.4 CFR:
hazardous areas in marine applications. The thermal rating of
CFR 46 United States Code of Federal Regulations,Title 46,
the engine is determined by the actual readings of engine and
Shipping
exhaust system temperatures within hazardous areas, as de-
fined by references in 2.2 and 2.3of this practice, or as
2.5 EN Standards:
designated by the authority having jurisdiction, or both. The
EN 1834-1 Reciprocating internal combustion engines.
goal of this practice is to thermally rate engine packages, and
Safety requirements for design and construction of en-
provide additional installation recommendations, in order to
gines for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
reduce the risk of igniting the ignitable mixtures that may be
present within the hazardous areas of marine vessels. 3. Terminology
1.2 Only a marine engine suitable for the service, designed
3.1 Definitions:
andconstructedinconformancewiththerequirementsof3.1.2, 3.1.1 hazardous location—area in which an explosive gas
is considered.
atmosphere is or may be expected to be present, in quantities
such as to require special precautions for the construction,
1.3 The system of units in this practice shall be SI (metric)
installation and use of electrical apparatus and other potential
form, along with the standard (English) system equivalent
heat sources. These areas are defined by the authority having
placed in parentheses, for example, 20°C (68°F).
jurisdiction, or in accordance with NFPA 70 (NEC) Articles
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
500, 501 and 504; or NEC Articles 500 and 505; or IEC
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
60092-502, or a combination thereof.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 marine engine—a compression-ignition engine de-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
signed and constructed for operation in the marine
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
environment, regardless of horsepower, to the applicable stan-
2. Referenced Documents
dards or rules of a recognized classification society in Title 46,
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 8, or a comparable engine
2.1 ASTM Standards:
design and construction standard.
F683 Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal
Insulation for Piping and Machinery
3.1.3 ignitable mixture —a mixture of gas, such as natural
2.2 NFPA Standards:
gas, or similar volatile hydrocarbon gas with normal air, that
NFPA 70 The National Electric Code (NEC), 2008
will propagate flame or explode when exposed to an ignition
source.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
3.1.4 ignition temperature—(explosive atmosphere)—the
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
lowest temperature at which an ignitable mixture may be
General Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
ignited.
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2876 – 10.
DOI:10.1520/F2876-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
the ASTM website. AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2876−10 (2015)
3.1.5 maximum surface temperature—the highest tempera- 5.2.10 Airductswithinthehazardouslocationshallbefitted
tureattainedunderthemostsevereoperatingconditionsbyany with flame arrestors, or other equipment designed and tested to
equipment part or surface capable of igniting an ignitable perform the functions of a flame arrestor. EN 1834-1 should be
mixture. consulted.
5.2.11 Exhaust systems shall be fitted with a spark arrestor,
or other equipment designed and tested to perform the func-
4. Summary of Practice
tions of a spark arrestor. EN 1834-1 should be consulted.
4.1 While there have been great improvements made in the
5.2.12 To help prevent unsafe operation, warning signs and
safety of electrical and electronic equipment utilized in haz-
labels shall be used to indicate when necessary equipment
ardous locations, there has been little development concerning
guards, or protective covers, are removed from the engine.
reducing the hazards associated with high temperature surfaces
5.2.13 The procedures outlined in EN 1834-1 should be
of internal combustion engines operating in the same hazard-
consulted for additional hazard and risk reduction.
ous locations. Several factors have significantly increased the
5.2.14 The procedures outlined in Practice F683 may be
temperature of hot surfaces and exhaust gases of internal
applied if necessary in order to limit the exposed surface
combustion engines. Some of these factors are performance
temperatures of piping and machinery.
related, while others have resulted from compliance with new
5.2.15 Allelectricalorelectronicequipmentassociatedwith
environmental standards.
engine installations in hazardous locations shall be tested or
approved and listed or certified by an independent laboratory
4.2 This practice provides guidance for the temperature
for the Class and Group of the cargo carried or the hazardous
rating of marine internal combustion engines based on the
location to the standards and protection techniques specified
surface temperature exposures within a hazardous location in
under NFPA 70 (NEC) Articles 500, 501 and 504; or NEC
the marine environment.
Articles 500 and 505; or IEC 60092-502 and acceptable to the
authority having jurisdiction.
5. General Requirements
5.1 The application of this practice will help reduce the risk 6. Procedure for Rating
of fire, or explosions, caused by ignitable gas mixtures coming
6.1 The testing required in Section 7 shall be used to
in contact with the heated surfaces and hot exhaust gases
determine the highest temperature exposure of the engine
generated by compression ignition (diesel) engines used in, or
application package. The highest temperature obtained, based
near, hazardous locations.
on the most severe test operating and environmental (including
high ambient air temperature) conditions, will be the tempera-
5.2 Marine Engine Design and Construction Requirements:
ture used for determining the rating of the engine.
5.2.1 Special consideration should be given to engine ac-
cesso
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2876 − 10 F2876 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Thermal Rating and Installation of Internal Combustion
Engine Packages for use in Hazardous Locations in Marine
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2876; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the method of testing, rating and installation of internal combustion engine packages for use in
hazardous areas in marine applications. The thermal rating of the engine is determined by the actual readings of engine and exhaust
system temperatures within hazardous areas, as defined by references in 2.2 and 2.3of this practice, or as designated by the
authority having jurisdiction, or both. The goal of this practice is to thermally rate engine packages, and provide additional
installation recommendations, in order to reduce the risk of igniting the ignitable mixtures that may be present within the hazardous
areas of marine vessels.
1.2 Only a marine engine suitable for the service, designed and constructed in conformance with the requirements of 3.1.2, is
considered.
1.3 The system of units in this practice shall be SI (metric) form, along with the standard (English) system equivalent placed
in parentheses, for example, 20°C (68°F).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F683 Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
2.2 NFPA Standards:
NFPA 70 The National Electric Code (NEC), 2008
2.3 IEC Standards:
IEC 60092 Electrical installations in ships—Part 502: Tankers-Special features
2.4 CFR:
CFR 46 United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 46, Shipping
2.5 EN Standards:
EN 1834-1 Reciprocating internal combustion engines. Safety requirements for design and construction of engines for use in
potentially explosive atmospheres.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General
Requirements.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010May 1, 2015. Published January 2011June 2015. DOI:10.1520/F2876-10. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition
approved in 2010 as F2876 – 10. DOI:10.1520/F2876-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2876 − 10 (2015)
3.1.1 hazardous location—area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is or may be expected to be present, in quantities such
as to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of electrical apparatus and other potential heat sources.
These areas are defined by the authority having jurisdiction, or in accordance with NFPA 70 (NEC) Articles 500, 501 and 504; or
NEC Articles 500 and 505; or IEC 60092-502, or a combination thereof.
3.1.2 marine engine—a compression-ignition engine designed and constructed for operation in the marine environment,
regardless of horsepower, to the applicable standards or rules of a recognized classification society in Title 46, Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 8, or a comparable engine design and construction standard.
3.1.3 ignitable mixture —a mixture of gas, such as natural gas, or similar volatile hydrocarbon gas with normal air, that will
propagate flame or explode when exposed to an ignition source.
3.1.4 ignition temperature—(explosive atmosphere)—the lowest temperature at which an ignitable mixture may be ignited.
3.1.5 maximum surface temperature—the highest temperature attained under the most severe operating conditions by any
equipment part or surface capable of igniting an ignitable mixture.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 While there have been great improvements made in the safety of electrical and electronic equipment utilized in hazardous
locations, there has been little development concerning reducing the hazards associated with high temperature surfaces of internal
combustion engines operating in the same hazardous locations. Several factors have significantly increased the temperature of hot
surfaces and exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Some of these factors are performance related, while others have
resulted from compliance with new environmental standards.
4.2 This practice provides guidance for the temperature rating of marine internal combustion engines based on the surface
temperature exposures within a hazardous location in the marine environment.
5. General Requirements
5.1 The application of this practice will help reduce the risk of fire, or explosions, caused by ignitable gas mixtures coming in
contact with the heated surfaces and hot exhaust gases generated by compression ignition (diesel) engines used in, or near,
hazardous locations.
5.2 Marine Engine Design and Construction Requirements:
5.2.1 Special consideration should be given to engine accessories such as pumps, fans, and starter motors such that they are
constructed of suitable materials and installed in ways that will minimize friction, heat and sparking.
5.2.2 High pressure fuel piping (greater than 100 bar, or 1450 psi) installed between fuel pumps and injectors, shall be double
jacketed in order to reduce the risk of fuel spray coming in contact with hot surfaces.
5.2.3 Marine Engines and engine components shall be properly bonded and grounded to the hull.
5.2.4 The use of materials known to create, or store, static electricity shall be avoided.
5.2.5 Fans and fans blades shall be constructed of conductive, non-sparking materials.
5.2.6 Drive belts shall be conductive and the pulleys, shafts and driving equipment shall be grounded.
5.2.7 For sealed, purged or pressurized engine enclosures special considerations should be given to the use of lock outs that will
prevent the engine from starting when protective guards, insulated covers, or other attachments necessary to maintain temperature
control, are removed.
5.2.8 Sealed, purged or pressurized engine enclosures shall be designed to dampen the pressure of an internal explosion and
shall be protected against over pressurization.
5.2.9 Air ducts and exhaust gas piping to and from non-hazardous locations shall be gas tight within the hazardous location.
EN 1834-1 should be consulted.
5.2.10 Air ducts within the hazardous location shall be fitted with flame arrestors, or other equipment designed and tested to
perform the functions of a flame arrestor. EN 18
...