ASTM D7452-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of Lubricants Used for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speed and Shock Loading
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of Lubricants Used for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speed and Shock Loading
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock load conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.
This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:
American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.
SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.
1.2 The values stated in foot-pound units are to be regarded as standard. For example, torque is stated in foot-pound units, the values for temperature are stated in degrees Fahrenheit, and the test lubricant sample volume is stated in pints. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information purposes only, and are not considered standard. SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D7452–08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of Lubricants
Used for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speed
and Shock Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:
SAE J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual Trans-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-
mission Lubricants
scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when
SAE J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric)
subjectedtohigh-speedandshockconditions.Thistestmethod
Military Use
is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.
1.2 The values stated in foot-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard. For example, torque is stated in foot-pound units,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
thevaluesfortemperaturearestatedindegreesFahrenheit,and
3.1.1 coast side, n—the convex side of the pinion and the
the test lubricant sample volume is stated in pints. The values
concave side of the ring gear which are in contact during
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
deceleration in a forward gear. CRC Manual 21
that are provided for information purposes only, and are not
3.1.2 drive side, n—the concave side of the pinion and the
considered standard. SI units are provided for all parameters
convex side of the ring gear which are in contact during
except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for
acceleration in a forward gear. CRC Manual 21
screwthreads,nationalpipethreads/diameters,andtubingsize.
3.1.3 scoring, n—on the ring and the pinion gear teeth, the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
displacement of metal by local momentary welding from the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gear tooth, resulting in the development of a matt, or frosted
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dull surface. CRC Manual 21
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
4. Summary of Test Method
information is given in Sections 4 and 7.
4.1 Charge a specially prepared light duty hypoid rear axle
2. Referenced Documents (Dana Model 44 ASTM Part No. 044AA100-1) with the
3 lubricant sample to be tested (see 10.1). Mount the axle
2.1 ASTM Standards:
between two load absorbing dynamometers which are driven
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
with a V-8 gasoline engine through a manual transmission.
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
4.2 Condition the test axle with light loads at different
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
speed, torque and temperature conditions on both the drive and
Determine Conformance with Specifications
coast sides of the gears. (Warning—High-speed rotating
equipment, electrical shock, high-temperature surfaces.) After
conditioning, subject the test axle to high speed and shock
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
loadings at higher temperatures.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.3 Ratethedriveandcoastsideofthepinionandringgears
D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. DOI: 10.1520/ at the end of test (EOT) for scoring distress.
D7452-08.
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
5. Significance and Use
(TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of information letters.
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service
Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555
Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, Attention: Administrator. The TMC is also a
where they encounter high speed shock load conditions,
source of reference oils.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
the ASTM website. CRC Rating Manual, No. 21, Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA.
Parts and Model 44 Maintenance Manual available from Dana Corporation,
P.O. Box 2424, Fort Wayne, IN 46801.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
D7452–08
characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This 6.6.4.2 Use a single control valve to control the cooling
severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and water supply. The control shall be a ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) two-way,
pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring prop- C linear trim, air to close, Research Control valve. Use a single
erties of final drive lubricants. PID loop to maintain the axle lubricant temperature control for
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following both the Standard and Canadian version test. A separate PID
documents: loop control for each version is not permitted. See Annex A1.
3 1
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 6.6.4.3 Use only ⁄8 or ⁄2 in. line material to the spray
1560. nozzles.
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360. 6.6.4.4 Use a minimum supply water pressure of 25 psig
(172 kPa) to the control valve.
6. Apparatus
6.6.4.5 Use an axle containment box as shown in Fig.
6.1 This test method provides a description of essential A2.10. The purpose is to contain water.
6.6.4.6 Use a locating pin or stop block as an indexing
apparatus features, including mandatory equipment type and
performance specifications where established. device to ensure that all subsequent axle installations are
consistently installed perpendicular with the axle housing
6.2 Test Axle—The test unit consists of a Dana model 44
cover to engine and transmission drive-shaft centerline.
rear axle, 45 to 11 (4.09) ratio, and uncoated gears. (Dana
6.7 Torque Meter—Include in the test equipment a torque
ASTM part number 044AA100-1. See 10.1.)
meter installed in the drive shaft (see Figs. A2.3-A2.5)to
6.3 CoverPlate—Modifytherearcoverplateofthetestunit
measure the torque applied to the pinion. Install a Himmelstein
to provide an inspection port and thermocouple fitting. Locate
inline torque meter Model numbers MCRT28061T(1-4) or
the thermocouple fitting by using the locating fixture shown in
9,10
MCRT2661TN(1-4) without a foot mount and a range of
Fig.A2.1.An optional ⁄4 in. NPT(National PipeThread) drain
10 000 lb-in. (1130 N-m) shall be installed to measure pinion
fitting may be added.
torque. Additional suffix letters only indicate allowable op-
6.4 Axle Shaft Assemble—Use a Ford Axle shaft assembly,
tions.
(Dana Part No. 26762-14X ) or equivalent with this test
6.8 Signal Conditioning—Use a Himmelstein Models 701
method.
or 711 strain gage conditioner for signal conditioning. Set the
6.5 Hinge Plate StandAssembly—Mountandsecurethetest
unit in place on the hinge plate assembly, see Figs.A2.6-A2.9. low pass cut-off frequency at 10 Hz.
6.9 Digital Data Acquisition System—System requires ca-
6.6 Temperature Control System—The temperature control
apparatus consists of a thermocouple, a temperature recording pability of measuring a minimum of five channels at sampling
frequencies outlined in Section 10.
system,temperaturecontrollerandacoolingsystemthatisable
to maintain lubricant temperature at specified conditions. 6.9.1 Do not use hardware or software filtering for the
pinion torque channel during data acquisition periods of the
6.6.1 Thermocouple—Installthethermocouplesuchthatthe
thermocoupletipisflushwiththecoverplatelipbyplacingthe test.
6.10 Dynamometers—Two axle dynamometers (Midwest
cover plate face on a flat surface and inserting the thermo-
,
9 11
Dynamatic, Model 3232) with suitable control equipment
couple into the cover plate until the thermocouple tip is flush
capable of maintaining specified test conditions.
with the flat surface. For recording and control of the test
6.11 Engine Speed Control—System requires a device to
lubricant temperature, use a ⁄8-in. (3.2-mm) diameter J or K
maintain steady state conditions and also provide adjustable
type closed tip style thermocouple.
throttle acceleration and deceleration rates to attain specified
6.6.2 Temperature Recording System—Throughout the test,
shock loading torques.
ensure the temperature recording system records the tempera-
6.11.1 Throttle Controller System—Use a Foxboro/Jordan
ture of the test oil at a minimum frequency of 1 Hz.
9,12
Controller, Model AD7530. Use a power transformer from
6.6.3 Temperature Controller—Proportional-Integral-
Acme Electric Corp. PN T-1-81058 or equivalent, primary
Derivative (PID) type; percent output adjustable.
volts 120X240, secondary volts 16/32 center tap, 0.500 kVAin
6.6.4 Axle Cooling—Use three spray nozzles to distribute
conjunction with the Foxboro/Jordan Controller.
water over the cover plate and axle housing as shown in Fig.
A2.2. Actuate the water control valve by the temperature PID 6.12 Connecting Shafts—Use connecting shafts of equal
length 6 1 in. (25.4 mm) and less than 30 in. (762 mm) long
control system.
6.6.4.1 Depending on how the system is plumbed, use spray from flange face to flange face. Use a tubing diameter of 3.5 6
0.2 in. (88.9 6 5.1 mm) OD, with a wall thickness of 0.095 6
nozzles in any combination of the following part numbers:
Straight Male NPT (Part No. 3/8GG-SS22), 90° Male NPT
(Part No. 3/8GGA-SS22), Straight Female NPT (Part No.
,
8 9 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
3/8G-SS22), and 90° Female NPT (Part No. 3/8GA-SS22).
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
API Publication 1560, Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual is S. Himmelstein and Company, 2490 Pembroke Avenue, Hoffman Estates, IL
Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles, American Petroleum Institute, 60195.
Washington, DC. Available from Dyne Systems, P.O. Box 18 W209 N17391 Industrial Drive,
The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Jackson, WI 53037.
Spray Systems Company, and can be purchased through E. I. Pfaff Company, 3443 Available from Fox/Jordan, Inc., 5607 West DouglasAvenue, Milwaukee, WI
Edwards Road, Suite D, Cincinnati, OH 45208. 53218.
D7452–08
TABLE 1 Recommended Power Train Replacement Parts List
7.2 Cleaning Solvent—Use solvent meeting ASTM D235
Parts Part Number Type II, Class C requirements for Aromatic Content (0–2%
vol), Flash Point (142°F/61°C, min) and Color (not darker than
Ramjet Engine Includes ECM 12495515
Five Speed Transmission 15747134
+25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co Scale). (Warning—
Bell Housing 15998496
Health hazard, combustible.) Obtain a Certificate of Analysis
ClutchAssembly 15002591
for each batch of solvent from the supplier.
Throw Out Bearing 15705563
Dip Stick 10190942
7.3 Contact Pattern Marking Compound—Wayne Metal
Dip Stick Tube 12552920
Working Compound # M 99B 111A or equivalent.
Flywheel 10105832
7.4 Test Oil—Use 3.5 pt (1655 cc) of test lubricant.
Flywheel Bolt (6 req.) 12337973
Pilot Bearing 14061685
Master Cylinder 15727261
8. Preparation of Apparatus
Actuating Cylinder 15046288
8.1 Cleaning of Reusable Hardware—Clean as necessary
Pulley, Water Pump 14023155
Pulley, Crankshaft 14023147
with cleaning solvent (see 7.2) all reusable parts including:
Belt 9433720
axle shafts, thermocouples, axle housing cover, and all associ-
Starter 10496873
ated drain pans and funnels used for the addition of and
Engine Control Unit 12489488
Throttle Body from 2000 Corvette. 17113669
collection of test oil.
Throttle Body TPS Connector P/N 12116247
8.2 Preparation of Axle:
Throttle BodyActuator Motor Connector P/N 12167121
K&N InletAir Filter P/N RD6020 8.2.1 Pretest contact pattern procedure (see Annex A6).
8.2.2 Record break and turn.
8.2.3 Record the backlash reported from the manufacturer.
0.005in.(2.41 60.13mm)iftubingisrequiredtofabricatethe
The readings shall be between 0.004 and 0.012 in. (0.102 to
shafts. Ensure the shafts are dynamically (spin) balanced and
0.305 mm).
strong enough to handle torques up to 2100 lbf-ft (2847 N-m).
8.2.3.1 Measure and record backlash at four equally spaced
Use an operating angle of 0 6 0.5°.
locations. Report the average and the four readings.
6.13 Power Train—The power train consists of a gasoline
8.2.4 Proceed to 8.2.9 if contact pattern and backlash are
powered V-8 GM performance Ramjet 5.7L marine engine
acceptable. Proceed to 8.2.5 if the contact pattern or backlash
coupled with a five speed manual transmission capable of
needs adjustment.
supplying specified shock loading torques. The engine and 6
8.2.5 Follow Dana Model 44 Maintenance Manual if
transmission operating angle shall be 0 6 0.5°.
contact pattern or backlash needs to be adjusted.
6.13.1 All recommended replacement parts are available
8.2.6 Assemble the gear unit using Dana Model 44 Main-
through local General Motors dealers. A list of these replace- 6
tenance Manual. Apply gear contact pattern grease on the
ment parts are shown inTable 1. Do not make modifications to
drive and coast side of the ring. Place a 30 6 5 lbf-ft (40.7 6
the engine that would affect the engines factory displacement
6.8 N-m)turningtorqueontheringandpinion.Rotateringand
or compression ratio.
pinion through the gear contact pattern grease on the drive and
6.14 Drive Shaft—Welded steel tubing, 3.5 6 0.2 in. (88.9
coast side.
6 0.51 mm) outside diameter, 0.095 6 0.005 in. (2.41 6 0.13
8.2.7 Proceedto8.2.8ifthecontactpatternandbacklashare
mm)wallthickness,34.5 61in.(876.3 625.4mm)longfrom
acceptable. If the contact pattern requires further adjustment,
center weld to center weld. (See Figs. A2.3-A2.5.) Dynami-
repeat 8.2.5 and 8.2.6 until an acceptable pattern is obtained.
cally (spin) balance the drive shaft and torque meter. The
8.2.8 Measure and record backlash at four equally spaced
operating angle shall be 0 6 0.5°.
locations. Report the average and the four readings.
6.14.1 Tra
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