ASTM C1134-90(2007)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Materials less than or equal to 0.59 in. (15.0 mm) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.
Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the test report shall contain an appropriate note to this effect. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square metre) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) or if the actual product thickness is less than 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) but greater than 0.59 in. (15.0 mm), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.
By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake and retention primarily may depend on the nominal wetted surface area available for water intake.
By reporting results on the basis of equal specimen volume, specimens can be compared equitably using units that commonly are selected to represent results of water intake testing (percent by volume). For some materials, water intake and retention primarily may depend on the volume of the specimen available for water intake.
In most cases water retention is a secondary performance characteristic that has an influence on a primary performance characteristic, such as thermal performan...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition that may be encountered in building construction applications.
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, may not be directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness may not be directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. Specimens with rough surfaces may retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and surface treatment during specimen preparation may affect water intake and retention. Therefore, results for materials with different surface characteristics may not be directly comparable.
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually installed in the field. If the surface-to-volume ratios for t...
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Designation: C1134 − 90 (Reapproved2007)
Standard Test Method for
Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following
Partial Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorially changed inch-pound units to the primary measurement and SI units for information only in August
2010.
1. Scope 1.4 Formostmaterialsthesizeofthetestspecimensissmall
compared with the size of the products actually installed in the
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water re-
field. If the surface-to-volume ratios for the test specimens and
tained (including surface water) by rigid block and board
thecorrespondingproductsaredifferent,thetestresultsmaybe
thermal insulations used in building construction applications
misleading.
after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal condi-
tions. This test method is intended to be used for the charac- as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
terization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
simulate any particular environmental condition that may be and are not considered standard.
encountered in building construction applications.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenom-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumu-
lation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water
2. Referenced Documents
vaportransmission,internalcondensation,freeze-thawcycling,
or a combination of these effects requires different test proce-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dures.
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
free-drainage period. This test method does not address or
attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.
3. Terminology
Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure
3.1 Definitions—TerminologyC168appliestotermsusedin
and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials,
this test method.
may not be directly comparable. Also, test results for speci-
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mens of different thickness may not be directly comparable
3.2.1 WR —short-termwaterretentionrating,theaverageof
because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a S
the water retained following the 0.75-h and 3.00-h partial
material also affect drainage. Specimens with rough surfaces
immersion intervals, kilograms per square metre (percent by
may retain more surface water than specimens with smooth
volume) (for materials tested at 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness).
surfaces, and surface treatment during specimen preparation
(See 4.2.)
may affect water intake and retention. Therefore, results for
materials with different surface characteristics may not be
3.2.2 WR —long-term water retention rating, the water
L
directly comparable.
retained following the 168-h partial immersion interval, kilo-
grams per square metre (percent by volume) (for materials
tested at 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness). (See 4.2.)
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermal
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Insulation
Finishes and Moisture. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1990.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2001asC1134–90(2001).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1134-90R07E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1134 − 90 (2007)
4. Significance and Use noncorrosive support for the bottom surface of the specimens
and a similar constraining device for the top surface. The
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 0.59 in. (15.0 mm) in
support and constraining devices shall not contact more than
thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test
15 % of the specimen surfaces. The pressure exerted on the
method in order to avoid complete immersion of the speci-
specimens by the constraining device for the top surface shall
mens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test
be limited to that required to counteract any buoyant force
method.
exerted by the specimens at the beginning of the test. The
4.2 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness
immersion tank shall be provided with a water overflow level,
and 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness provided the materials can be
as shown in Fig. 1.
cut to a thickness of 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) without changing the
5.3 Balance—The balance shall have a sensitivity of at least
original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut
0.1 g. For some measurements such a sensitivity may be more
without changing the original character of the material, the test
than is required, in which case a sensitivity of at least 0.1 % of
report shall contain an appropriate note to this effect. Results
the total mass of the specimen after immersion and the
shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted
weighing container is acceptable. See 7.4.1. To achieve these
specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square metre)
sensitivities, two different balances may be required.
for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis
of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for 5.4 Weighing Container—The weighing container shall be
materials tested at 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness. If a product made of a nonabsorbent, waterproof, lightweight material and
cannot be cut to a thickness of 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) or if the shall be large enough to allow a specimen to be laid flat in the
actual product thickness is less than 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) but container.
greaterthan0.59in.(15.0mm),theproductshallonlybetested
5.5 Linear Measuring Instrument—The linear measuring
at actual product thickness and results only reported on the
instrument shall be capable of measuring specimen dimensions
basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.
to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.2 mm).
4.2.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal
5.6 Distilled or Deionized Water—Distilled or deionized
wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thick-
water shall be used for testing.
nesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the
water intake and retention primarily may depend on the
5.7 Drainage Rack—The drainage rack shall be similar to
nominal wetted surface area available for water intake. that shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
4.2.2 By reporting results on the basis of equal specimen
6. Test Specimens
volume, specimens can be compared equitably using units that
commonly are selected to represent results of water intake
6.1 Six test specimens shall be selected randomly from each
testing (percent by volume). For some materials, water intake
sample. Only three specimens are required if the product is
and retention primarily may depend on the volume of the
only to be tested at the actual product thickness or if the actual
specimen available for water intake.
product thickness is 21.00 in. (5.4 mm). See 4.2.
4.2.3 In most cases water retention is a secondary perfor-
6.2 The test specimens shall be square with a length and
mance characteristic that has an influence on a primary
width of 11.8 6 0.4 in. (3006 10 mm). The thickness of three
performance characteristic, such as thermal performance, sur-
face accumulation of moisture (that may contribute to fungal
growth), localized collection of electrolytes (that may contrib-
ute to corrosion), etc. Depending on the primary performance
characteristic that is of interest, the preferred units for use in
comparing the water retention of different materials may be
either kilograms per square metre or percent by volume.
4.3 Immersion times in addition to those required by this
test method may be selected provided that all parties involved
are in agreement.
4.4 The water retention characteristics of materials may be
(a) Typical dimensions for an immersion tank
affected by conditions such as elevated temperatures or chemi-
cal exposures.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Chamber—The test chamber or room where the test
is to be run shall be maintained at a temperature of 73 6 4°F
(236 2°C) and a relative humidity of 50 65%.
5.2 Immersion Tank—The immersion tank shall consist of
an open tank of sufficient size to accommodate at least three
(b) Typical dimensions for a noncorrosive support for the specimens
specimens. Included in the construction of the tank shall be a
means for securing the specimens in a level position, that is, a FIG. 1 Immersion Tank
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C1134 − 90 (2007)
FIG. 2 Drainage Rack for Three Specimens
6.3.3 Care must be taken to avoid making indentations
when handling specimens. Any specimens having surface
indentations greater than 0.20 in. (5.0 mm) in depth or any
specimens damaged during preparation shall be rejected and
replaced by new specimens prior to testing.
7. Procedure
7.1 Measure test specimen dimensions (length, l, width, w,
and thickness, t) to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.2 mm). Measure both
the length and width at three different locations and the
thickness at nine different locations, as shown in Fig. 4. The
average of each set of dimensions shall be used to calculate the
volume, V, of the specimen.
7.2 Record the initial mass of each specimen to the nearest
0.1 g, and condition the specimens to constant mass in the
laboratory at a temperature of 73 6 4°F (23 6 2°C) and a
relative humidity of 506 5 %.Allow at least 24 h for the initial
conditioning period and then at least 4 h for each additional
period as needed. Continue conditioning until specimens reach
FIG. 3 Test Specimen in Drainage Rack
of the specimens shall be the same as that of the product or
sample from which the specimens are taken. The thickness of
the other three specimens shall be 1.00 6 0.06 in. (25.4 6 1.6
mm), provided the material is greater than 1.00 in. (25.4 mm)
in thickness. Specimens shall be cut to this size from thicker
stock if appropriate. See 4.2.
6.3 Specimen Preparation:
6.3.1 Materials normally produced with natural skins or
specially cut surfaces shall be tested with at least one skin or
surface intact, and that skin or surface shall be placed in
contact with the water when the test is conducted. The test
report shall contain an appropriate note.
6.3.2 Composite materials normally produced with facings
or laminates may be tested with or without facings, as required
by the appropriate material specification. The test report shall
FIG. 4 Measurement Locations for Determining Test Specimen
contain an appropriate note. Dimensions
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C1134 − 90 (2007)
constant mass as indicated by a change in mass of 0.2 g or less 8.2 Calculate the volume, V, of each specimen from the
between successive weighings. Record the dry mass, M,of average dimensions measured in accordance with 7.1 as
each specimen to the nearest 0.1 g. follows:
l·w·t
7.3 Using nonabsorbent dummy blocks of the same size as
V 5 (2)
the test specimens, adjust the support and constraining devices
so that the dummy blocks are horizontal and level. Make
where:
certain that the immersion tank is also level. Adjust the water
V = volume of the specimen, cm , and
level in the immersion tank so that it is 0.39 6 0.06 in. (10.0
t = thickness of the specimen, mm.
6 1.6 mm) above the bottom surface of the dummy blocks.
8.3 Calculate the water retention, WR, for each immersion
Remove the dummy blocks and replace them with the actual t
time, t, as shown in 8.3.1 and 8.3.2.
test specimens. If necessary, add water to ensure that the
8.3.1 For each specimen calculate the water retention
specimens are immersed to the required depth. If the immer-
(WR )), expressed in kilograms per square metre, for each
sion tank is not provided with an automatic adjustment for the
t(kg/m
immersion time, t, as follows:
water level, add water at least once during each 24-h period to
ensure that the specimens are immersed to the required depth.
M 2 M
t 0
WR 2 5 (3)
t(kg⁄m )
A·1000
7.4 Remove and weigh the specimens at the following time
intervals: 0.75 6 0.03 h, 3.00 6 0.15 h, and 168 6 4 h. These
where:
times are required. Longer or intermediate immersion times
WR ) = water retention of the specimen for time, t,
t(kg/m
may be used to provide more information.
kg/m ,
7.4.1 Determine the mass of the weighing container to the
M = mass of the specimen after immersion time, t,g,
t
nearest 0.1 g. Place each specimen on the drainage rack, as
and
shown in Fig. 3. Allow 6.0 6 0.5 min. for the drainage of
M = mass of the conditioned specimen, g.
water. Remove each specimen from the drainage rack and
8.3.2 For each specimen tested at a thickness of 1.00 in.
place it in the weighing container with the wet side down.
(25.4 mm), calculate the water retention, WR , expressed in
t(%)
Weigh each specimen and its container to the nearest 0.1 g or
percent by volume, for each immersion time, t, as follows:
to within 0.1 % of the total mass of the specimen and the
M 2 M
t 0
weighing container. (Choose the sensitivity that is largest in
WR 5 ·100 (4)
t %
~ !
V
magnitude or most convenient to use.) Subtract the mass of the
weighing container from the total mass, and record the mass of
where:
each specimen in grams to the appropriate sensitivity. Data
WR = water retention of the specimen for time, t, percent
t(%)
should be clearly identified by the letter M with the subscript
t
by volume.
indicating the immersion time, for example M for the mass
0.75
NOTE 1—The density of water is assume
...
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