ASTM C1134-90(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Materials less than or equal to 15.0 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.
Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the test report shall contain an appropriate note to this effect. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square metre) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm but greater than 15.0 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.
By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake and retention primarily may depend on the nominal wetted surface area available for water intake.
By reporting results on the basis of equal specimen volume, specimens can be compared equitably using units that commonly are selected to represent results of water intake testing (percent by volume). For some materials, water intake and retention primarily may depend on the volume of the specimen available for water intake.
In most cases water retention is a secondary performance characteristic that has an influence on a primary performance characteristic, such as thermal performance, surface accumulation of moisture (that m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition that may be encountered in building construction applications.
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, may not be directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness may not be directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. Specimens with rough surfaces may retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and surface treatment during specimen preparation may affect water intake and retention. Therefore, results for materials with different surface characteristics may not be directly comparable.
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually installed in the field. If the surface-to-volume ratios for t...
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Designation:C1134–90(Reapproved2007)
Standard Test Method for
Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following
Partial Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard, but the results may also be reported in inch-pound
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water re-
(I-P) units. In this standard I-P units are given in parentheses
tained (including surface water) by rigid block and board
for information purposes and may be approximate.
thermal insulations used in building construction applications
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal condi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tions. This test method is intended to be used for the charac-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
terization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
simulate any particular environmental condition that may be
encountered in building construction applications.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenom-
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
ena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumu-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
lation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water
vaportransmission,internalcondensation,freeze-thawcycling,
3. Terminology
or a combination of these effects requires different test proce-
3.1 Definitions—TerminologyC168appliestotermsusedin
dures.
this test method.
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
free-drainage period. This test method does not address or
3.2.1 WR —short-term water retention rating, the average
S
attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.
of the water retained following the 0.75-h and 3.00-h partial
Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure
immersion intervals, kilograms per square metre (percent by
and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials,
volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).
may not be directly comparable. Also, test results for speci-
(See 4.2.)
mens of different thickness may not be directly comparable
3.2.2 WR —long-term water retention rating, the water
L
because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a
retained following the 168-h partial immersion interval, kilo-
material also affect drainage. Specimens with rough surfaces
grams per square metre (percent by volume) (for materials
may retain more surface water than specimens with smooth
tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). (See 4.2.)
surfaces, and surface treatment during specimen preparation
may affect water intake and retention. Therefore, results for
4. Significance and Use
materials with different surface characteristics may not be
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15.0 mm (0.59 in.) in
directly comparable.
thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test
1.4 Formostmaterialsthesizeofthetestspecimensissmall
method in order to avoid complete immersion of the speci-
compared with the size of the products actually installed in the
mens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test
field. If the surface-to-volume ratios for the test specimens and
method.
thecorrespondingproductsaredifferent,thetestresultsmaybe
4.2 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness
misleading.
and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermal
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Insulation
Finishes and Moisture. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1990.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2001asC1134–90(2001).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1134-90R07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1134–90 (2007)
cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm without changing the original
character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without
changing the original character of the material, the test report
shall contain an appropriate note to this effect. Results shall be
reportedonthebasisofequalnominalwettedspecimensurface
area (in units of kilograms per square metre) for materials
tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal
specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials
tested at 25.4 mm thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a
thickness of 25.4 mm or if the actual product thickness is less
(a) Typical dimensions for an immersion tank
than 25.4 mm but greater than 15.0 mm (0.59 in.), the product
shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only
reportedonthebasisofequalnominalwettedspecimensurface
area.
4.2.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal
wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thick-
nesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the
water intake and retention primarily may depend on the
nominal wetted surface area available for water intake.
(b) Typical dimensions for a noncorrosive support for the specimens
4.2.2 By reporting results on the basis of equal specimen
FIG. 1 Immersion Tank
volume, specimens can be compared equitably using units that
commonly are selected to represent results of water intake
5.3 Balance—The balance shall have a sensitivity of at least
testing (percent by volume). For some materials, water intake
0.1 g. For some measurements such a sensitivity may be more
and retention primarily may depend on the volume of the
than is required, in which case a sensitivity of at least 0.1 % of
specimen available for water intake.
the total mass of the specimen after immersion and the
4.2.3 In most cases water retention is a secondary perfor-
weighing container is acceptable. See 7.4.1. To achieve these
mance characteristic that has an influence on a primary
sensitivities, two different balances may be required.
performance characteristic, such as thermal performance, sur-
5.4 Weighing Container—The weighing container shall be
face accumulation of moisture (that may contribute to fungal
made of a nonabsorbent, waterproof, lightweight material and
growth), localized collection of electrolytes (that may contrib-
shall be large enough to allow a specimen to be laid flat in the
ute to corrosion), etc. Depending on the primary performance
container.
characteristic that is of interest, the preferred units for use in
5.5 Linear Measuring Instrument—The linear measuring
comparing the water retention of different materials may be
instrument shall be capable of measuring specimen dimensions
either kilograms per square metre or percent by volume.
to the nearest 0.2 mm (0.01 in.).
4.3 Immersion times in addition to those required by this
5.6 Distilled or Deionized Water—Distilled or deionized
test method may be selected provided that all parties involved
water shall be used for testing.
are in agreement.
5.7 Drainage Rack—The drainage rack shall be similar to
4.4 The water retention characteristics of materials may be
that shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
affected by conditions such as elevated temperatures or chemi-
cal exposures.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Six test specimens shall be selected randomly from each
5. Apparatus
sample. Only three specimens are required if the product is
5.1 Test Chamber—Thetestchamberorroomwherethetest
only to be tested at the actual product thickness or if the actual
is to be run shall be maintained at a temperature of 236 2°C product thickness is 25.4 mm (1.00 in.). See 4.2.
(73 6 4°F) and a relative humidity of 50 65%.
6.2 The test specimens shall be square with a length and
5.2 Immersion Tank—The immersion tank shall consist of width of 3006 10 mm (11.8 6 0.4 in.). The thickness of three
an open tank of sufficient size to accommodate at least three of the specimens shall be the same as that of the product or
specimens. Included in the construction of the tank shall be a sample from which the specimens are taken. The thickness of
means for securing the specimens in a level position, that is, a the other three specimens shall be 25.4 6 1.6 mm (1.00 6 0.06
noncorrosive support for the bottom surface of the specimens in.),providedthematerialisgreaterthan25.4mminthickness.
and a similar constraining device for the top surface. The Specimens shall be cut to this size from thicker stock if
support and constraining devices shall not contact more than appropriate. See 4.2.
15 % of the specimen surfaces. The pressure exerted on the 6.3 Specimen Preparation:
specimens by the constraining device for the top surface shall 6.3.1 Materials normally produced with natural skins or
be limited to that required to counteract any buoyant force specially cut surfaces shall be tested with at least one skin or
exerted by the specimens at the beginning of the test. The surface intact, and that skin or surface shall be placed in
immersion tank shall be provided with a water overflow level, contact with the water when the test is conducted. The test
as shown in Fig. 1. report shall contain an appropriate note.
C1134–90 (2007)
FIG. 2 Drainage Rack for Three Specimens
FIG. 4 Measurement Locations for Determining Test Specimen
Dimensions
FIG. 3 Test Specimen in Drainage Rack
7.2 Record the initial mass of each specimen to the nearest
0.1 g, and condition the specimens to constant mass in the
6.3.2 Composite materials normally produced with facings
laboratory at a temperature of 23 6 2°C (73 6 4°F) and a
or laminates may be tested with or without facings, as required
relative humidity of 506 5 %.Allow at least 24 h for the initial
by the appropriate material specification. The test report shall
conditioning period and then at least 4 h for each additional
contain an appropriate note.
period as needed. Continue conditioning until specimens reach
6.3.3 Care must be taken to avoid making indentations
constant mass as indicated by a change in mass of 0.2 g or less
when handling specimens. Any specimens having surface
between successive weighings. Record the dry mass, M,of
indentations greater than 5.0 mm (0.20 in.) in depth or any
each specimen to the nearest 0.1 g.
specimens damaged during preparation shall be rejected and
7.3 Using nonabsorbent dummy blocks of the same size as
replaced by new specimens prior to testing.
the test specimens, adjust the support and constraining devices
so that the dummy blocks are horizontal and level. Make
7. Procedure
certain that the immersion tank is also level. Adjust the water
7.1 Measure test specimen dimensions (length, l, width, w, level in the immersion tank so that it is 10.0 6 1.6 mm (0.39
and thickness, t) to the nearest 0.2 mm (0.01 in.). Measure both 6 0.06 in.) above the bottom surface of the dummy blocks.
the length and width at three different locations and the Remove the dummy blocks and replace them with the actual
thickness at nine different locations, as shown in Fig. 4. The test specimens. If necessary, add water to ensure that the
average of each set of dimensions shall be used to calculate the specimens are immersed to the required depth. If the immer-
volume, V, of the specimen. sion tank is not provided with an automatic adjustment for the
C1134–90 (2007)
M 2 M
water level, add water at least once during each 24-h period to
t 0
WR ! 5 (3)
t~kg/m
A·1 000
ensure that the specimens are immersed to the required depth.
7.4 Remove and weigh the specimens at the following time
where:
intervals: 0.75 6 0.03 h, 3.00 6 0.15 h, and 168 6 4 h. These
WR ) = water retention of the specimen for time, t,
t(kg/m
times are required. Longer or intermediate immersion times
kg/m ,
may be used to provide more information.
M = mass of the specimen after immersion time,
t
7.4.1 Determine the mass of the weighing container to the t,g,and
nearest 0.1 g. Place each specimen on the drainage rack, as M = mass of the conditioned specimen, g.
shown in Fig. 3. Allow 6.0 6 0.5 min. for the drainage of
8.3.2 For each specimen tested at a thickness of 25.4 mm
water. Remove each specimen from the drainage rack and
(1.00 in.), calculate the water retention, WR , expressed in
t(%)
place it in the weighing container with the wet side down.
percent by volume, for each immersion time, t, as follows:
Weigh each specimen and its container to the nearest 0.1 g or
M 2 M
t 0
to within 0.1 % of the total mass of the specimen and the
WR 5 ·100 (4)
t~%!
V
weighing container. (Choose the sensitivity that is largest in
magnitude or most convenient to use.) Subtract the mass of the
where:
weighing container from the total mass, and record the mass of
WR = water retention of the specimen for time, t,
t(%)
each specimen in grams to the appropriate sensitivity. Data percent by volume.
should be clearly identified by the letter M with the subscript
t
NOTE 1—The density of water is assumed to be 1.00 g/cm at 23°C
indicating the immersion time, for example M for the mass
0.75
(73°F).
after a 0.75-h immersion time. Clean and dry the weighing
container if it is going to be reused, and reweigh it before
8.4 Calculate the short-term water retention rating, WR , for
S
proceeding with the next specimen.
each specimen, expressed in kilogram per square metre and
7.4.2 Return the specimens to the immersion tank, making percent by volume (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.)
thickness) by averaging the water retention for the 0.75-h and
sure each specimen is placed in the tank with the wet side
down. Total time elapsed between removal and return of the 3.00-h partial-immersion intervals, determined for each speci-
specime
...
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