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ASTM A341/A341M-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods

Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides dc permeameter tests for the basic magnetic properties of materials in the form of bars, rods, wire, or strip specimens which may be cut, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, extruded, rolled, or other fabricated materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal induction under symmetrically cyclically magnetized (SCM) conditions and the hysteresis loop (B-H loop) taken under conditions of rapidly changing or steep wavefront reversals of the direct current magnetic field strength.
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.
1.3 This test method covers a range of magnetic field strength in the specimen from about 0.05 Oe [4 A/m] up to above 5000 Oe [400 kA/M] through the use of several permeameters. The separate permeameters cover this test region in several overlapping ranges.
1.4 Normal induction and hysteresis properties may be determined over the flux density range from essentially zero to intrinsic saturation for most materials.
1.5 Recommendations of the useful magnetic field strength range for each of the permeameters are shown in Table 1. Also, see Sections 3 and 4 for general limitations relative to the use of permeameters.
1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear with Fig 1. and in appropriate sections of this document. For the official definitions, see Terminology A340. Note that the term flux density used in this document is synonymous with the term magnetic induction.
1.7 The values and equations stated in customary cgs-emu and inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2000
ICS
29.030 - Magnetic materials
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.01 - Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM A341/A341M-00(2005) - Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM A341/A341M-00 - Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic Test MethodsASTM A341/A341M-00 - Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods
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ASTM A341/A341M-00 - Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A 341/A341M–00
Standard Test Method for
Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C
1
Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA341/A341M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
1.1 This test method provides dc permeameter tests for the
ingvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformance
basicmagneticpropertiesofmaterialsintheformofbars,rods,
with this standard.
wire, or strip specimens which may be cut, machined, or
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, extruded,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rolled, or other fabricated materials. It includes tests for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determination of the normal induction under symmetrically
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cyclically magnetized (SCM) conditions and the hysteresis
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
loop (B-H loop) taken under conditions of rapidly changing or
steep wavefront reversals of the direct current magnetic field
2. Referenced Documents
strength.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Test-
Practice A34/A34M.
3
ing of Magnetic Materials
1.3 This test method covers a range of magnetic field
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
strength in the specimen from about 0.05 Oe [4 A/m] up to
3
Magnetic Testing
above 5000 Oe [400 kA/M] through the use of several
A596/A596M Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic
permeameters. The separate permeameters cover this test
Properties of Materials Using the Ballistic Method and
region in several overlapping ranges.
3
Ring Specimens
1.4 Normal induction and hysteresis properties may be
2.2 IEC Standard:
determined over the flux density range from essentially zero to
Publication 60404-4, Ed. 2.0 Magnetic Materials – Part 4:
intrinsic saturation for most materials.
Methods of Measurement of D.C. Magnetic Properties of
1.5 Recommendations of the useful magnetic field strength
4
2 Iron and Steel, IEC, 1995
range for each of the permeameters are shown in Table 1 .
2.3 Other Documents:
Also,seeSections3and4forgenerallimitationsrelativetothe
5
NIST Circular No. 74, pg. 269
use of permeameters.
5
NIST Scientific Paper 117, SPBTA
1.6 Thesymbolsandabbreviateddefinitionsusedinthistest
method appear with Fig. 1 and in appropriate sections of this
3. Significance and Use
document. For the official definitions, see TerminologyA340.
3.1 Permeameters require the use of yokes to complete the
Note that the term flux density used in this document is
magnetic circuit and are therefore inherently less accurate than
synonymous with the term magnetic induction.
ring test methods. Refer to Test Method A596/A596M for
1.7 The values and equations stated in customary cgs-emu
further details on ring test methods. However, when testing
and inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as
certainshapesasbarsorwhenmagneticfieldstrengthinexcess
standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets
of200Oe[15.9ormorekA/m]arerequired,permeametersare
except for the sections concerning calculations where there are
the only practical means of measuring magnetic properties.
separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values
3.2 Thistestmethodissuitableforspecificationacceptance,
service evaluation, research and development and design.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
MagneticPropertiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA06.01onTest
3
Methods. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04.
4
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
published as A341–69. Last previous edition A341/A341M–95. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
2 5
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, (NIST),
this standard. Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 341/A341M–00
TABLE 1 Permeameters
A
Magnetizing Coil
Useful Magnetic Field Strength Range
H Measuring Relu
...

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FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Permeameter  
Note 1:  
A1—Multirange ammeter (main current)
A2—Multirange ammeter (hysteresis current)
B—Magnetic flux density test position for Switch S3
F—Electronic Fluxmeter
H—Magnetic field strength test position for Switch S3
N1—Magnetizing coil
N2—Magnetic flux sensing (B) coil
N3—Magnetic field strength (H) sensing coil
R1—Main current control rheostat
R2—Hysteresis current control rheostat
S1—Reversing switch for magnetizing current
S2—Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat
S3—Fluxmeter selector switch
SP—Specimen  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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3.1 Test methods using suitable ring-type specimens4 are the preferred methods of determining the basic magnetic properties of a material caused by the absence of demagnetizing effects and are well suited for specification acceptance, service evaluation, and research and development.  
3.2 Provided the test specimen is representative of the bulk material as is usually the case for thin strip and wire, this test is also suitable for design purposes.  
3.3 When the test specimen is not necessarily representative of the bulk material such as a ring machined from a large forging or casting, the results of this test method may not be an accurate indicator of the magnetic properties of the bulk material. In such instances, the test results when viewed in context of past performance history will be useful for judging the suitability of the current material for the intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers dc testing for the determination of basic magnetic properties of materials in the form of ring, toroidal, link, double-lapped Epstein cores, or other standard shapes which may be cut, stamped, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, or rolled materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal magnetization curve and hysteresis loop taken under conditions of steep wavefront reversals of the direct-current magnetic field strength.  
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FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Ring-Type Cores  
Note 1:  
A1—Multirange ammeter, main-magnetizing current circuit
A2—Multirange ammeter, hysteresis-current circuit
N1—Magnetizing (primary) winding
N2—Flux-sensing (secondary) winding
F—Electronic integrator
  R1—Main current control rheostat
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S1—Reversing switch
S2—Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat  
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Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Weakly Magnetic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for determination of the permeability [relative permeability]2 of materials having a relative permeability not exceeding 6.0.  
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1.2.2 Test Method 2—Permeability of Paramagnetic Materials has been eliminated as an acceptable method of test.  
1.2.3 Test Method 3—Low Mu Permeability Indicator is suitable for measuring the permeability of a material as “less than” or “greater than” that of calibrated standard inserts with relative permeabilities between 1.01 and 6.0, as designated for use in a Low-Mu Permeability Indicator.3 In this method, a small volume of specimen is subjected to a local magnetic field that varies in magnitude and direction, so it is not possible to specify the magnetic field strength at which the measurement is made.  
1.2.4 Test Method 4—Flux Distortion is suitable for materials with relative permeabilities between 1.0 and 2.0. In this method, a small volume of specimen is subjected to a local magnetic field that varies in magnitude and direction, so it is not possible to specify the magnetic field strength at which the measurement is made.4  
1.2.5 Test Method 5—Vibrating Sample Magnetometry is suitable for materials with relative permeabilities between 1.0 and 4.0. This test method permits the user to select the magnetic field strength at which the permeability is to be measured.  
1.3 Materials typically tested by these methods such as austenitic stainless steels may be weakly ferromagnetic. That is, the magnetic permeability is dependent on the magnetic field strength. As a consequence, the results obtained using the different methods may not closely agree with each other. When using Methods 1 and 5, it is imperative to specify the magnetic field strength or range of magnetic field strengths at which the permeabilities have been determined.  
1.4 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A34/A34M-06(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice defines test lots and describes the selection and preparation of test specimens used in the determination of magnetic properties of various materials.  
4.2 A method of calculating the density of iron-base electrical steels is given and a table of assumed densities for magnetic testing of commercial soft magnetic alloys is provided.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sampling procedures and test practices for determination of various magnetic properties of both soft and hard magnetic materials.  
1.2 This practice may be used either in conjunction with, or independent of, the standard test methods and materials specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06. In the former situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall not supersede those found in the individual test methods and materials specifications. In the latter situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall strictly apply.  
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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