ASTM D4718/D4718M-15
(Practice)Standard Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils Containing Oversize Particles
Standard Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils Containing Oversize Particles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compaction tests on soils performed in accordance with Test Methods D698, D1557, D4253, and D7382 place limitations on the maximum size of particles that may be used in the test. If a soil contains cobbles or gravel, or both, test options may be selected which result in particles retained on a specific sieve being discarded (for example the 4.75-mm [No. 4], the 19-mm [3/4-in.] or other appropriate size) and the test performed on the finer fraction. The unit weight-water content relations determined by the tests reflect the characteristics of the actual material tested, and not the characteristics of the total soil material from which the test specimen was obtained.
4.2 It is common engineering practice to use laboratory compaction tests for the design, specification, and construction control of soils used in earth construction. If a soil used in construction contains large particles, and only the finer fraction is used for laboratory tests, some method of correcting the laboratory test results to reflect the characteristics of the total soil is needed. This practice provides a mathematical equation for correcting the unit weight and water content of the finer fraction of a soil, tested to determine the unit weight and water content of the total soil.
4.3 Similarly, as utilized in Test Methods D1556, D2167, D6938, D7698, and D7830, this practice provides a means for correcting the unit weight and water content of field compacted samples of the total soil, so that values can be compared with those for a laboratory compacted finer fraction.
Note 3: When this practice is used for construction control, the using agency should specify whether the maximum unit weight value used for reference is the unit weight including oversize fraction or the unit weight of the finer fraction. Calculated values of percent compaction based on this correction practice will vary depending on which unit weight value is used for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating the unit weights and water contents of soils containing oversize particles when the data are known for the soil fraction with the oversize particles removed.
1.2 This practice also can be used to calculate the unit weights and water contents of soil fractions when the data are known for the total soil sample containing oversize particles.
1.3 This practice is based on tests performed on soils and soil-rock mixtures in which the portion considered oversize is that fraction of the material retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. Based on these tests, this practice is applicable to soils and soil-rock mixtures in which up to 40 % of the material is retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. The practice also is considered valid when the oversize fraction is that portion retained on some other sieve, but the limiting percentage of oversize particles for which the correction is valid may be lower. However, the practice is considered valid for materials having up to 30 % oversize particles when the oversize fraction is that portion retained on the 19-mm [3/4-in.] sieve.
1.4 The factor controlling the maximum permissible percentage of oversize particles is whether interference between the oversize particles affects the unit weight of the finer fraction. For some gradations, this interference may begin to occur at lower percentages of oversize particles, so the limiting percentage must be lower for these materials to avoid inaccuracies in the computed correction. The person or agency using this practice shall determine whether a lower percentage is to be used.
1.5 This practice may be applied to soils with any percentage of oversize particles subject to the limitations given in 1.3 and 1.4. However, the correction may not be of practical significance for soils with only small percentages of oversize particles. The person or agency specifying this practice shall specify a minimum percentage of oversize particles ...
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Designation: D4718/D4718M − 15
Standard Practice for
Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils
1
Containing Oversize Particles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4718/D4718M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* particles. The person or agency specifying this practice shall
specify a minimum percentage of oversize particles below
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating the
which the practice need not be applied. If a minimum percent-
unit weights and water contents of soils containing oversize
age is not specified, 5 % shall be used.
particles when the data are known for the soil fraction with the
oversize particles removed.
1.6 This practice may not be applicable to soil-rock mix-
tures which degrade under field compaction.
1.2 This practice also can be used to calculate the unit
weights and water contents of soil fractions when the data are
1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI Units or inch-
known for the total soil sample containing oversize particles.
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
1.3 This practice is based on tests performed on soils and
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
soil-rock mixtures in which the portion considered oversize is
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
that fraction of the material retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4]
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
sieve. Based on these tests, this practice is applicable to soils
conformance with the standard.
and soil-rock mixtures in which up to 40 % of the material is
1.7.1 It is common practice in the engineering profession to
retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. The practice also is
concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm)
considered valid when the oversize fraction is that portion
and a force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
retained on some other sieve, but the limiting percentage of
systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
oversize particles for which the correction is valid may be
tional system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use
lower. However, the practice is considered valid for materials
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
having up to 30 % oversize particles when the oversize fraction
standard. This standard has been written using the gravitational
3
is that portion retained on the 19-mm [ ⁄4-in.] sieve.
system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In
1.4 The factor controlling the maximum permissible per-
this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight).
centage of oversize particles is whether interference between
However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of
3
the oversize particles affects the unit weight of the finer
mass (lbm) or the recording of density in lbm/ft shall not be
fraction. For some gradations, this interference may begin to
regarded as a non conformance with this standard.
occur at lower percentages of oversize particles, so the limiting
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
percentage must be lower for these materials to avoid inaccu-
fication E11. The alternative designation given in brackets is for informa-
racies in the computed correction. The person or agency using
tion only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
this practice shall determine whether a lower percentage is to
1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
be used.
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
1.5 This practice may be applied to soils with any percent-
Practice D6026.
age of oversize particles subject to the limitations given in 1.3
1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/
and 1.4. However, the correction may not be of practical
recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the
significance for soils with only small percentages of oversize
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
1
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Plasticity
obtaining data, special purpose studies, or any considerations
and Density Characteristics of Soils.
for the user‘s objectives; and it is common pra
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4718 − 87 (Reapproved 2007) D4718/D4718M − 15
Standard Practice for
Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils
1
Containing Oversize Particles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4718;D4718/D4718M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating the unit weights and water contents of soils containing oversize particles
when the data are known for the soil fraction with the oversize particles removed.
1.2 TheThis practice also can be used to calculate the unit weights and water contents of soil fractions when the data are known
for the total soil sample containing oversize particles.
1.3 This practice is based on tests performed on soils and soil-rock mixtures in which the portion considered oversize is that
fraction of the material retained on the No. 4 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. Based on these tests, this practice is applicable to soils and
soil-rock mixtures in which up to 40 % of the material is retained on the No. 4 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. The practice also is
3
considered valid when the oversize fraction is that portion retained on some other sieve, such as the ⁄4-in. sieve, but the limiting
percentage of oversize particles for which the correction is valid may be lower. However, the practice is considered valid for
3
materials having up to 30 % oversize particles when the oversize fraction is that portion retained on the 19-mm [ ⁄4-in.-in.] sieve.
1.4 The factor controlling the maximum permissible percentage of oversize particles is whether interference between the
oversize particles affects the unit weight of the finer fraction. For some gradations, this interference may begin to occur at lower
percentages of oversize particles, so the limiting percentage must be lower for these materials to avoid inaccuracies in the
computed correction. The person or agency using this practice shall determine whether a lower percentage is to be used.
1.5 This practice may be applied to soils with any percentage of oversize particles subject to the limitations given in 1.3 and
1.4. However, the correction may not be of practical significance for soils with only small percentages of oversize particles. The
person or agency specifying this practice shall specify a minimum percentage of oversize particles below which the practice need
not be applied. If a minimum percentage is not specified, 5 % shall be used.
1.6 This practice may not be applicable to soil-rock mixtures which degrade under field compaction.
1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI Units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7.1 It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and
a force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It
is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This standard has
been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the recording of
3
density in lbm/ft shall not be regarded as a non conformance with this standard.
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in brackets is for information only
and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
1
This pract
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