ASTM D6381/D6381M-15(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift Resistance
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift Resistance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Uplift resistance is one of the properties of an applied shingle that relates to its ability to withstand wind forces. The mechanical tests described are laboratory methods to measure that resistance at a designated temperature after the shingles have been sealed under designated conditions.
5.1.1 This test method determines the mechanical uplift resistance of sealed shingles by direct measurement in a prescribed manner. See Test Method D7158/D7158M for the relationship between this mechanical uplift resistance and the uplift forces derived from the action of wind.
5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, contamination by dirt and debris, roof slope, and interference by misplaced fasteners. It is not the objective of this test method to address all of these influences. This test method is designed to determine the mechanical uplift resistance when representative specimens of shingles are sealed under selected conditions prior to testing.
5.3 Procedure A produces lower results than Procedure B. Procedure A provides an edge-lift load value and Procedure B provides a perpendicular load value. The procedure applicable to a specific product depends on the specific product design, geometry, and rigidity. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the appropriate procedure with reference to the specific product and application. It is possible that engineering calculations would require both procedures to be employed, and for both results to be used in the calculation of the resistance of that specific product to the effects of wind.
5.4 When using this method in conjunction with Test Method D7158/D7158M to determine the uplift resistance of shingles as part of the determination of wind resistance of the shingles, determine the appropriate procedure (Procedure A, Procedure B, or both) in accordance with the discussion, and examples, of shingle geometry and seal...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring the uplift resistance of asphalt roofing shingles by mechanical means. It is applicable to shingles that use a factory-applied or field-applied sealant.
1.2 There are several types of shingles designed for service without a factory-applied or field-applied sealant. These shingles, when applied in accordance with the manufacturers' application instructions, employ other means to provide resistance against the forces generated by the action of wind such as geometry and shingle construction. Field experience has shown that these types of shingles function satisfactorily in service. Because there are a variety of these shingle designs, it is not practical to describe in this test method how to test these shingles for uplift resistance. The testing of these types of shingles, therefore, goes beyond the scope of this test method.
1.3 This test method describes two procedures for measuring shingle uplift resistance. Procedure A employs a specially designed apparatus with a clamping device which facilitates lifting of the edge of the shingle and measuring the force required to break the seal. Procedure B employs a metal “T” section adhered to the weather surface of the shingle to facilitate application and measurement of a perpendicular force to break the seal.
1.4 It is not prohibited to use this test method over a range of sealing time and temperature combinations and testing temperatures to simulate a variety of actual field use conditions. The times and temperatures used shall be stated in the report.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the saf...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6381/D6381M − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift
Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6381/D6381M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers measuring the uplift resistance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of asphalt roofing shingles by mechanical means. It is appli-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
cable to shingles that use a factory-applied or field-applied
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sealant.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 There are several types of shingles designed for service
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
without a factory-applied or field-applied sealant. These
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
shingles, when applied in accordance with the manufacturers’
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
application instructions, employ other means to provide resis-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tanceagainsttheforcesgeneratedbytheactionofwindsuchas
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
geometryandshingleconstruction.Fieldexperiencehasshown
that these types of shingles function satisfactorily in service.
2. Referenced Documents
Because there are a variety of these shingle designs, it is not 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
practical to describe in this test method how to test these
D228/D228M Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and
shingles for uplift resistance. The testing of these types of
Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and
shingles, therefore, goes beyond the scope of this test method.
Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
1.3 This test method describes two procedures for measur- D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
ing shingle uplift resistance. Procedure A employs a specially
D3462/D3462M Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made
designed apparatus with a clamping device which facilitates from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
lifting of the edge of the shingle and measuring the force
D7158/D7158M Test Method for Wind Resistance of As-
required to break the seal. Procedure B employs a metal “T”
phalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
section adhered to the weather surface of the shingle to
3. Terminology
facilitate application and measurement of a perpendicular force
to break the seal.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D1079.
1.4 It is not prohibited to use this test method over a range
of sealing time and temperature combinations and testing
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
temperatures to simulate a variety of actual field use condi-
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,isthe
tions. The times and temperatures used shall be stated in the
bonding that results from the activation of the sealant under the
report.
action of time and temperature.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3.2.2 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,is
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
defined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed to
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each seal the shingles to each other under the action of time and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
temperature after the shingles are applied to a roof.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
3.2.3 sealed—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,isthe
with the standard.
condition of the shingles after the sealant has been activated by
the action of time and temperature.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
andWaterproofingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD08.02onSteep
Roofing Products and Assemblies. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6381/D6381M – 15. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6381_D6381M-15R20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
4. Summary of Test Method be employed, and for both results to be used in the calculation
of the resistance of that specific product to the effects of wind.
4.1 The test specimens are constructed from pieces of
shingles, overlaid and sealed prior to testing.All specimens are 5.4 When using this method in conjunction with Test
then conditioned and tested at selected temperatures. Speci- Method D7158/D7158M to determine the uplift resistance of
mens are tested in ProcedureAby lifting the exposed edge and shingles as part of the determination of wind resistance of the
recording the uplift force required to break the seal, and in shingles, determine the appropriate procedure (Procedure A,
Procedure B by recording the perpendicular force required to Procedure B, or both) in accordance with the discussion, and
break the seal. examples, of shingle geometry and sealant configuration in
Section 12.2 of Test Method D7158/D7158M.
5. Significance and Use
6. Apparatus
5.1 Uplift resistance is one of the properties of an applied
shingle that relates to its ability to withstand wind forces. The 6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, shall be a constant-rate-of-
extension (CRE) type.
mechanical tests described are laboratory methods to measure
that resistance at a designated temperature after the shingles
6.2 Heavy-Duty Paper Cutter, steel rule, die, or template 95
have been sealed under designated conditions. 3 1 3
by 114 mm [3 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄2 in.] and 95 by 178 mm [3 ⁄4 by 7 in.]
5.1.1 This test method determines the mechanical uplift
for Procedure A, and 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] and 95 by
resistance of sealed shingles by direct measurement in a 3 1
38 mm [3 ⁄4 by 1 ⁄2 in.] for Procedure B.
prescribed manner. See Test Method D7158/D7158M for the
6.3 The test fixture for Procedure A is a specially designed
relationship between this mechanical uplift resistance and the
apparatus and drawings are on file at ASTM International
uplift forces derived from the action of wind.
Headquarters. Fig. 1 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical
5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of
tensile testing machine with a specimen in place.
shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, contami-
6.4 The test fixture for Procedure B is identical to that used
nation by dirt and debris, roof slope, and interference by
to determine fastener pull-through resistance in Specification
misplaced fasteners. It is not the objective of this test method
D3462/D3462M, except thata3mm[ ⁄8 in.] thick aluminum
to address all of these influences. This test method is designed
mask 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] with a central opening 44 by
to determine the mechanical uplift resistance when represen-
102 mm [1 ⁄4 by 4 in.] is used to restrain the specimen, and a
tative specimens of shingles are sealed under selected condi-
3 1
95 mm [3 ⁄4 in.] length of 38 mm [1 ⁄2 in.] aluminum “T”
tions prior to testing.
section is used to apply the perpendicular uplift force to the
5.3 Procedure A produces lower results than Procedure B.
specimen. Two 127 mm [5 in.] equal lengths of chain form a
Procedure A provides an edge-lift load value and Procedure B
provides a perpendicular load value. The procedure applicable
to a specific product depends on the specific product design,
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
isAshcraft Machine and Supply Inc., 185 Wilson St., Newark, Ohio 43055. Specify
geometry, and rigidity. It is the responsibility of the user of this
Shingle Tab Uplift Tester, Model 102. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
test method to determine the appropriate procedure with
please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-
reference to the specific product and application. It is possible
ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
that engineering calculations would require both procedures to committee, which you may attend.
FIG. 1 Shingle Uplift Test Apparatus—Procedure A
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
bridle that is hooked into holes drilled in the web of the “T” 7.2 Specimens taken from the sample of shingles shall be
section. Fig. 2 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical tensile representative of the typical geometry (area), thickness
testing machine with a specimen in place. (caliper), and contamination level (back surface particles, and
6.4.1 The two chains are suspended from a common closed so forth) of the adhesive in the lot of material being investi-
S-hook that is pinned, but free to rotate, in the upper fixture of
gated.
the test machine. Open S-hooks attached to the end of each
7.3 When using ProcedureA, insertion of the test apparatus
chain are inserted into holes drilled 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] from each
canbeaproblemforcaseswherethesealantisbrittleandweak
end and 13 mm [ ⁄2 in.] from the top of the web of the “T”
or where it is applied close to the leading edge of the shingle.
section. This arrangement of hooks and chains forms a free-
For these and other such cases where normal insertion of the
swinging bridle that ensures perpendicular force application
top clamp of the apparatus is a concern, an alternate technique
and minimizes inducement of peeling forces, even when the
of attaching to the top of the specimen is not prohibited (see
test specimens are not uniformly sealed along their length.
7.7.3).
6.5 Temperature-Controlled Chamber, to seal the
7.4 The sealant present on the specimen to be tested shall be
specimens, capable of maintaining a temperature within
proportionally representative of the sealant present on the
61.5 °C [62.5 °F] of the selected temperature. The sample
shingle when it is installed in the field. For example, if the
tray shall be a rigid support large enough to hold specimens in
linear coverage of the sealant geometry on a shingle using
the chamber.
factory-applied sealant is 50 %, then the sealant shall cover
6.6 Temperature-Controlled Test Chamber, capable of con-
50 % of the width of the test specimen.
trol within 61.5 °C [62.5 °F] which shall be used when
7.4.1 For a specimen representing field-applied sealant, for
testing the specimens at other than room temperature.
example, if the sealant is in a dot pattern then the same dot size
and pattern shall be used on the laboratory-prepared specimen,
7. Specimen Preparation
following the manufacturer’s application instructions.
7.1 Samples for testing shall be selected in accordance with
the method specified in the sampling section of Test Methods 7.5 In Procedure A, a specimen consists of a bottom piece
3 3
D228/D228M. The test shall consist of ten specimens per test 95by178mm[3 ⁄4by7in.]andatoppiece95by114mm[3 ⁄4
condition, as described in the following paragraphs. by 4 ⁄2 in.], both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a for
FIG. 2 Shingle Uplift Test Apparatus—Procedure B
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
FIG. 3a Plan View of Shingle-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen Locations
FIG. 3b Plan View of Multi-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen Locations
FIG. 3 Plan View Showing Typical Specimen Locations
single-layer shingles or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. For 7.6 In Procedure B, a specimen consists of a bottom piece
multi-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer area from 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] and a top piece 38 by 95 mm [1 ⁄2
which to cut the top piece, cut the top piece at the point of the by 3 ⁄4 in.], both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a for
fewest layers. Longer or shorter specimens are not prohibited single-layer shingles or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. For
provided both clamps secure the specimen when it is aligned in multi-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer top piece,
the test fixture. The length of the specimens shall be deter- cut the top piece at the point of the fewest layers. Dimensional
mined for proper alignment in the fixture. Dimensional toler- tolerances are 63mm[6 ⁄8 in.] on the width and length of the
ances are 63mm[6 ⁄8 in.] on the width of the specimen. specimen.
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
7.7 In ProcedureA, lay the top piece over the bottom piece, instructions. The critical dimension in Procedure A is the
as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, and in a manner representative of distance the top piece overlaps the sealant on the bottom piece
the actual alignment as specified in the shingle manufacturer’s (denoted A in Figs. 4a and 4b). This dimension shall be equal
application instructions. to the overlap in the specified application.
7.7.1 Not all multi-layer shingles have the sealant in the 7.7.2 Position the specimens on the tray without overlap-
same location on the shingle. Whether the sealant is on the top ping or stacking of the individual specimens.
of the bottom piece, or on the bottom of the top piece, the “A” 7.7.3 For cases when an alternate top attachment method is
dimension in Procedure A is determined by measuring the desired (see 7.3) a special metal connector shall be epoxy-
distance from the leading edge of the sealant to the leading bonded to the top piece of the specimen following sealant
edge of the top piece when the sample pieces are correctly
positioned (in accordance with 7.7). In the case where the
sealant is on the back of the top piece, the bottom piece shall
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
isAshcraftMachineandSupply,185WilsonSt.,Newark,Ohio43055,andspecified
be cut so that when the top piece is correctly positioned on the
on the drawings for the apparatus. If
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6381/D6381M − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift
Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6381/D6381M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers measuring the uplift resistance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of asphalt roofing shingles by mechanical means. It is appli-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
cable to shingles that use a factory-applied or field-applied
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sealant.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 There are several types of shingles designed for service
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
without a factory-applied or field-applied sealant. These
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
shingles, when applied in accordance with the manufacturers’
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
application instructions, employ other means to provide resis-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tance against the forces generated by the action of wind such as
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
geometry and shingle construction. Field experience has shown
that these types of shingles function satisfactorily in service. 2. Referenced Documents
Because there are a variety of these shingle designs, it is not
2.1 ASTM Standards:
practical to describe in this test method how to test these
D228/D228M Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and
shingles for uplift resistance. The testing of these types of
Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and
shingles, therefore, goes beyond the scope of this test method.
Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
1.3 This test method describes two procedures for measur-
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
ing shingle uplift resistance. Procedure A employs a specially D3462/D3462M Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made
designed apparatus with a clamping device which facilitates
from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
lifting of the edge of the shingle and measuring the force
D7158/D7158M Test Method for Wind Resistance of As-
required to break the seal. Procedure B employs a metal “T”
phalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
section adhered to the weather surface of the shingle to
3. Terminology
facilitate application and measurement of a perpendicular force
to break the seal.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D1079.
1.4 It is not prohibited to use this test method over a range
of sealing time and temperature combinations and testing
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
temperatures to simulate a variety of actual field use condi-
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is the
tions. The times and temperatures used shall be stated in the
bonding that results from the activation of the sealant under the
report.
action of time and temperature.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.2.2 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in defined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed to
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
seal the shingles to each other under the action of time and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining temperature after the shingles are applied to a roof.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
3.2.3 sealed—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is the
with the standard.
condition of the shingles after the sealant has been activated by
the action of time and temperature.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
Roofing Products and Assemblies. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6381/D6381M – 15. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6381_D6381M-15R20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
4. Summary of Test Method be employed, and for both results to be used in the calculation
of the resistance of that specific product to the effects of wind.
4.1 The test specimens are constructed from pieces of
shingles, overlaid and sealed prior to testing. All specimens are 5.4 When using this method in conjunction with Test
then conditioned and tested at selected temperatures. Speci- Method D7158/D7158M to determine the uplift resistance of
mens are tested in Procedure A by lifting the exposed edge and shingles as part of the determination of wind resistance of the
recording the uplift force required to break the seal, and in shingles, determine the appropriate procedure (Procedure A,
Procedure B by recording the perpendicular force required to Procedure B, or both) in accordance with the discussion, and
break the seal. examples, of shingle geometry and sealant configuration in
Section 12.2 of Test Method D7158/D7158M.
5. Significance and Use
6. Apparatus
5.1 Uplift resistance is one of the properties of an applied
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, shall be a constant-rate-of-
shingle that relates to its ability to withstand wind forces. The
mechanical tests described are laboratory methods to measure extension (CRE) type.
that resistance at a designated temperature after the shingles
6.2 Heavy-Duty Paper Cutter, steel rule, die, or template 95
have been sealed under designated conditions.
3 1 3
by 114 mm [3 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄2 in.] and 95 by 178 mm [3 ⁄4 by 7 in.]
5.1.1 This test method determines the mechanical uplift
for Procedure A, and 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] and 95 by
resistance of sealed shingles by direct measurement in a
3 1
38 mm [3 ⁄4 by 1 ⁄2 in.] for Procedure B.
prescribed manner. See Test Method D7158/D7158M for the
6.3 The test fixture for Procedure A is a specially designed
relationship between this mechanical uplift resistance and the
apparatus and drawings are on file at ASTM International
uplift forces derived from the action of wind.
Headquarters. Fig. 1 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical
5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of
tensile testing machine with a specimen in place.
shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, contami-
6.4 The test fixture for Procedure B is identical to that used
nation by dirt and debris, roof slope, and interference by
to determine fastener pull-through resistance in Specification
misplaced fasteners. It is not the objective of this test method
D3462/D3462M, except that a 3 mm [ ⁄8 in.] thick aluminum
to address all of these influences. This test method is designed
mask 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] with a central opening 44 by
to determine the mechanical uplift resistance when represen-
102 mm [1 ⁄4 by 4 in.] is used to restrain the specimen, and a
tative specimens of shingles are sealed under selected condi-
3 1
95 mm [3 ⁄4 in.] length of 38 mm [1 ⁄2 in.] aluminum “T”
tions prior to testing.
section is used to apply the perpendicular uplift force to the
5.3 Procedure A produces lower results than Procedure B.
specimen. Two 127 mm [5 in.] equal lengths of chain form a
Procedure A provides an edge-lift load value and Procedure B
provides a perpendicular load value. The procedure applicable
to a specific product depends on the specific product design,
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Ashcraft Machine and Supply Inc., 185 Wilson St., Newark, Ohio 43055. Specify
geometry, and rigidity. It is the responsibility of the user of this
Shingle Tab Uplift Tester, Model 102. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
test method to determine the appropriate procedure with
please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-
reference to the specific product and application. It is possible
ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
that engineering calculations would require both procedures to committee, which you may attend.
FIG. 1 Shingle Uplift Test Apparatus—Procedure A
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
bridle that is hooked into holes drilled in the web of the “T” 7.2 Specimens taken from the sample of shingles shall be
section. Fig. 2 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical tensile representative of the typical geometry (area), thickness
testing machine with a specimen in place. (caliper), and contamination level (back surface particles, and
6.4.1 The two chains are suspended from a common closed
so forth) of the adhesive in the lot of material being investi-
S-hook that is pinned, but free to rotate, in the upper fixture of gated.
the test machine. Open S-hooks attached to the end of each
7.3 When using Procedure A, insertion of the test apparatus
chain are inserted into holes drilled 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] from each
can be a problem for cases where the sealant is brittle and weak
end and 13 mm [ ⁄2 in.] from the top of the web of the “T”
or where it is applied close to the leading edge of the shingle.
section. This arrangement of hooks and chains forms a free-
For these and other such cases where normal insertion of the
swinging bridle that ensures perpendicular force application
top clamp of the apparatus is a concern, an alternate technique
and minimizes inducement of peeling forces, even when the
of attaching to the top of the specimen is not prohibited (see
test specimens are not uniformly sealed along their length.
7.7.3).
6.5 Temperature-Controlled Chamber, to seal the
7.4 The sealant present on the specimen to be tested shall be
specimens, capable of maintaining a temperature within
proportionally representative of the sealant present on the
61.5 °C [62.5 °F] of the selected temperature. The sample
shingle when it is installed in the field. For example, if the
tray shall be a rigid support large enough to hold specimens in
linear coverage of the sealant geometry on a shingle using
the chamber.
factory-applied sealant is 50 %, then the sealant shall cover
6.6 Temperature-Controlled Test Chamber, capable of con-
50 % of the width of the test specimen.
trol within 61.5 °C [62.5 °F] which shall be used when
7.4.1 For a specimen representing field-applied sealant, for
testing the specimens at other than room temperature.
example, if the sealant is in a dot pattern then the same dot size
and pattern shall be used on the laboratory-prepared specimen,
7. Specimen Preparation
following the manufacturer’s application instructions.
7.1 Samples for testing shall be selected in accordance with
the method specified in the sampling section of Test Methods 7.5 In Procedure A, a specimen consists of a bottom piece
3 3
D228/D228M. The test shall consist of ten specimens per test 95 by 178 mm [3 ⁄4 by 7 in.] and a top piece 95 by 114 mm [3 ⁄4
condition, as described in the following paragraphs. by 4 ⁄2 in.], both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a for
FIG. 2 Shingle Uplift Test Apparatus—Procedure B
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
FIG. 3a Plan View of Shingle-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen Locations
FIG. 3b Plan View of Multi-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen Locations
FIG. 3 Plan View Showing Typical Specimen Locations
single-layer shingles or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. For 7.6 In Procedure B, a specimen consists of a bottom piece
multi-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer area from 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] and a top piece 38 by 95 mm [1 ⁄2
which to cut the top piece, cut the top piece at the point of the by 3 ⁄4 in.], both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a for
fewest layers. Longer or shorter specimens are not prohibited single-layer shingles or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. For
provided both clamps secure the specimen when it is aligned in multi-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer top piece,
the test fixture. The length of the specimens shall be deter- cut the top piece at the point of the fewest layers. Dimensional
mined for proper alignment in the fixture. Dimensional toler- tolerances are 63 mm [6 ⁄8 in.] on the width and length of the
ances are 63 mm [6 ⁄8 in.] on the width of the specimen. specimen.
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
7.7 In Procedure A, lay the top piece over the bottom piece, instructions. The critical dimension in Procedure A is the
as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, and in a manner representative of distance the top piece overlaps the sealant on the bottom piece
the actual alignment as specified in the shingle manufacturer’s (denoted A in Figs. 4a and 4b). This dimension shall be equal
application instructions. to the overlap in the specified application.
7.7.1 Not all multi-layer shingles have the sealant in the 7.7.2 Position the specimens on the tray without overlap-
same location on the shingle. Whether the sealant is on the top ping or stacking of the individual specimens.
of the bottom piece, or on the bottom of the top piece, the “A” 7.7.3 For cases when an alternate top attachment method is
dimension in Procedure A is determined by measuring the desired (see 7.3) a special metal connector shall be epoxy-
distance from the leading edge of the sealant to the leading bonded to the top piece of the specimen following sealant
edge of the top piece when the sample pieces are correctly
positioned (in accordance with 7.7). In the case where the
sealant is on the back of the top piece, the bottom piece shall
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Ashcraft Machine and Supply, 185 Wilson St., Newark, Ohio 43055, and specified
be cut so that when the top piece is correctly positioned on the
on the drawings for the apparatus. If you are aware of alter
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6381/D6381M − 15 D6381/D6381M − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift
Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6381/D6381M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers measuring the uplift resistance of asphalt roofing shingles by mechanical means. It is applicable to
shingles that use a factory-applied or field-applied sealant.
1.2 There are several types of shingles designed for service without a factory-applied or field-applied sealant. These shingles,
when applied in accordance with the manufacturers’ application instructions, employ other means to provide resistance against the
forces generated by the action of wind such as geometry and shingle construction. Field experience has shown that these types of
shingles function satisfactorily in service. Because there are a variety of these shingle designs, it is not practical to describe in this
test method how to test these shingles for uplift resistance. The testing of these types of shingles, therefore, goes beyond the scope
of this test method.
1.3 This test method describes two procedures for measuring shingle uplift resistance. Procedure A employs a specially designed
apparatus with a clamping device which facilitates lifting of the edge of the shingle and measuring the force required to break the
seal. Procedure B employs a metal “T” section adhered to the weather surface of the shingle to facilitate application and
measurement of a perpendicular force to break the seal.
1.4 It is not prohibited to use this test method over a range of sealing time and temperature combinations and testing temperatures
to simulate a variety of actual field use conditions. The times and temperatures used shall be stated in the report.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2020. Published August 2015October 2020. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 as
ε1
D6381 – 08 (2013)D6381/D6381M – 15. . DOI: 10.1520/D6381_D6381M-15.10.1520/D6381_D6381M-15R20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D228D228/D228M Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used
in Roofing and Waterproofing
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D3462D3462/D3462M Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
D7158D7158/D7158M Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitiondefinitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is the bonding that results from the activation of the sealant under the action of
time and temperature.
3.2.2 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is defined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed to seal the
shingles to each other under the action of time and temperature after the shingles are applied to a roof.
3.2.3 sealed—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is the condition of the shingles after the sealant has been activated by the
action of time and temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test specimens are constructed from pieces of shingles, overlaid and sealed prior to testing. All specimens are then
conditioned and tested at selected temperatures. Specimens are tested in Procedure A by lifting the exposed edge and recording
the uplift force required to break the seal, and in Procedure B,B by recording the perpendicular force required to break the seal.
FIG. 1 Shingle Uplift Test Apparatus—Procedure A
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Uplift resistance is one of the properties of an applied shingle that relates to its ability to withstand wind forces. The
mechanical tests described are laboratory methods to measure that resistance at a designated temperature after the shingles have
been sealed under designated conditions.
5.1.1 This test method determines the mechanical uplift resistance of sealed shingles by direct measurement in a prescribed
manner. See Test Method D7158D7158/D7158M for the relationship between this mechanical uplift resistance and the uplift forces
derived from the action of wind.
5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, contamination by
dirt and debris, roof slope, and interference by misplaced fasteners. It is not the objective of this test method to address all of these
influences. This test method is designed to determine the mechanical uplift resistance when representative specimens of shingles
are sealed under selected conditions prior to testing.
5.3 Procedure A produces lower results than Procedure B. Procedure A provides an edge-lift load value and Procedure B provides
a perpendicular load value. The procedure applicable to a specific product depends on the specific product design, geometry, and
rigidity. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the appropriate procedure with reference to the specific
product and application. It is possible that engineering calculations would require both procedures to be employed, and for both
results to be used in the calculation of the resistance of that specific product to the effects of wind.
5.4 When using this method in conjunction with Test Method D7158D7158/D7158M to determine the uplift resistance of shingles
as part of the determination of wind resistance of the shingles, determine the appropriate procedure (Procedure A, Procedure B,
or both) in accordance with the discussion, and examples, of shingle geometry and sealant configuration in Section 12.2 of Test
Method D7158D7158/D7158M.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, The Tensile Testing Machine,shall be a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type.
3 1 3
6.2 Heavy-Duty Paper Cutter, steel rule, die, or template 95 by 114 mm [3 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄2 in.] and 95 by 178 mm [3 ⁄4 by 7 in.] for
3 1
Procedure A, and 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] and 95 by 38 mm 38 mm [3 ⁄4 by 1 ⁄2 in.] for Procedure B.
6.3 The Test Fixture for Procedure A The test fixture for Procedure A is a specially designed apparatus and drawings are on file
at ASTM International Headquarters. Fig. 1 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical tensile testing machine with a specimen in
place.
6.4 The Test Fixture for Procedure B The test fixture for Procedure B is identical to that used to determine Fastener Pull-Through
Resistancefastener pull-through resistance in Specification D3462D3462/D3462M, except that a 3 mm [ ⁄8 in.] -thickthick
aluminum mask 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] with a central opening 44 by 102 mm [1 ⁄4 by 4 in.] is used to restrain the specimen,
3 1
and a 95 mm [3 ⁄4 in.] length of 38 mm [1 ⁄2 in.] aluminum “T” section is used to apply the perpendicular uplift force to the
specimen. Two 127 mm [5 in.] equal lengths of chain form a bridle that is hooked into holes drilled in the web of the “T” section.
Fig. 2 is a photo of the apparatus in a typical tensile testing machine with a specimen in place.
6.4.1 The two chains are suspended from a common closed S-hook that is pinned, but free to rotate, in the upper fixture of the
test machine. Open S-hooks attached to the end of each chain are inserted into holes drilled 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] from each end,end and
13 mm [ ⁄2 in.] from the top,top of the web of the “T” section. This arrangement of hooks and chains forms a free-swinging bridle
that ensures perpendicular force application,application and minimizes inducement of peeling forces, even when the test specimens
are not uniformly sealed along their length.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Ashcraft Machine and Supply Inc., 185 Wilson St., Newark, Ohio 43055. Specify
Shingle Tab Uplift Tester, Model 102. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
FIG. 2 Shingle Uplift Test Apparatus—Procedure B
6.5 Temperature-Controlled Chamber, to seal the specimens, capable of maintaining a temperature within 61.5°C
[62.5°F]61.5 °C [62.5 °F] of the selected temperature. The sample tray shall be a rigid support large enough to hold specimens
in the chamber.
6.6 Temperature-Controlled Test Chamber, capable of control within 61.5°C [62.5°F]61.5 °C [62.5 °F] which shall be used
when testing the specimens at other than room temperature.
7. Specimen Preparation
7.1 Samples for testing shall be selected in accordance with the method specified in the sampling section of Test Methods
D228D228/D228M. The test shall consist of ten specimens per test condition, as described in the following paragraphs.
7.2 Specimens taken from the sample of shingles shall be representative of the typical geometry (area), thickness (caliper), and
contamination level (back surface particles, and so forth) of the adhesive in the lot of material being investigated.
7.3 When using Procedure A, insertion of the test apparatus can be a problem for cases where the sealant is brittle and weak or
where it is applied close to the leading edge of the shingle. For these,these and other such cases where normal insertion of the top
clamp of the apparatus is a concern, an alternate technique of attaching to the top of the specimen is not prohibited (see 7.7.3).
7.4 The sealant present on the specimen to be tested shall be proportionally representative of the sealant present on the shingle
when it is installed in the field. For example, if the linear coverage of the sealant geometry on a shingle using factory-applied
sealant is 50 %, then the sealant shall cover 50 % of the width of the test specimen.
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
7.4.1 For a specimen representing field-applied sealant, for example, if the sealant is in a dot pattern then the same dot size and
pattern shall be used on the laboratory-prepared specimen, following the manufacturer’s application instructions.
3 3
7.5 In Procedure A, a specimen consists of a bottom piece 95 by 178 mm [3 ⁄4 by 7 in.];in.] and a top piece 95 by 114 mm [3 ⁄4
by 4 ⁄2 in.];in.], both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a for single-layer shingles or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. For
multi-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer area from which to cut the top piece, cut the top piece at the point of the fewest
FIG. 3a Plan View of Shingle-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen Locations
FIG. 3b Plan View of Multi-Layer Shingle Showing Typical Specimen Locations
FIG. 3 Plan View Showing Typical Specimen Locations
D6381/D6381M − 15 (2020)
layers. Longer or shorter specimens are not prohibited provided both clamps secure the specimen when it is aligned in the test
fixture. The length of the specimens shall be determined for proper alignment in the fixture. Dimensional tolerances are 63 mm
[6 ⁄8 in.] on the width of the specimen.
1 3
7.6 In Procedure B, a specimen consists of a bottom piece 102 by 152 mm [4 by 6 in.] and a top piece 38 by 95 mm [1 ⁄2 by 3 ⁄4
in.]in.], both cut from one shingle as shown in Fig. 3a for single-layer shingles,shingles or Fig. 3b for multi-layer shingles. For
multi-layer shingles that do not have a single-layer top piece, cut the top piece at the point of the fewest layers. Dimensional
tolerances are 63 mm [6 ⁄8 in.] on the width and length of the specimen.
7.7 In Procedure A, lay the top piece over the bottom piece, as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, and in a manner representative of the
actual alignment as specified in the shingle manufacturer’s application instructions.
7.7.1 Not all multi-layer shingles have the sealant in the same location on the shingle. Whether the sealant is on the top of the
bottom piece, or on the bottom of the top piece, the “A” dimension in Procedure A is determined by measuring the distance from
the leading edge of the sealant to the leading edge of the top piece when the sample pieces are correctly positioned (in accordance
FIG. 4a Top and Side View of Test Specimen—Procedure A
FIG. 4b Side View of Multi-Layer Test Specimen—Procedure A
FIG. 4 Top and Side Views of Test Specimen—Procedure A
D638
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