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ASTM D3608-95(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by the Griess-Saltzman Reaction

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by the Griess-Saltzman Reaction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Both NO2 and NO play an important role in photochemical-smog-forming reactions. In sufficient concentrations NO2 is deleterious to health, agriculture, materials, and visibility.
In combustion processes, significant amounts of NO may be produced by combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen; at ambient temperatures, NO can be converted to NO2 by oxygen and other atmospheric oxidants. Nitrogen dioxide also may be generated from processes involving nitric acid, nitrates, the use of explosives, and welding.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the manual determination of the combined nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO) content, total NOx; in the atmosphere in the range from 4 to 10 000 g/m3 (0.002 to 5 ppm (v)).
1.2 The maximum sampling period is 60 min at a flow rate of 0.4 L/min.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2005
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3608-95(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by the Griess-Saltzman Reaction
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D3608-95(2011) - Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by the Griess-Saltzman Reaction
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011

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ASTM D3608-95(2005) - Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by the Griess-Saltzman ReactionASTM D3608-95(2005) - Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by the Griess-Saltzman Reaction
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ASTM D3608-95(2005) - Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by the Griess-Saltzman Reaction
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3608–95(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Method for
Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by
1
the Griess-Saltzman Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3608; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Per-
meability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
1.1 This test method covers the manual determination of the
combined nitrogen dioxide (NO ) and nitric oxide (NO)
2
3. Terminology
content, total NO ; in the atmosphere in the range from 4 to
x
3 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
10 000 µg/m (0.002 to 5 ppm (v)).
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
1.2 The maximum sampling period is 60 min at a flow rate
of 0.4 L/min.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
4.1 The NO is quantitatively (1) converted to NO by a
2
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
chromicacidoxidizer.TheresultingNO ,plustheNO already
2 2
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
present, are absorbed in an azo-dye-forming reagent (2). A
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
red-violet color is produced within 15 min, the intensity of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
which is measured spectrophotometrically at 550 nm.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Both NO and NO play an important role in
2. Referenced Documents
2
2 photochemical-smog-forming reactions. In sufficient concen-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
trations NO is deleterious to health, agriculture, materials, and
2
D1071 Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gas-
visibility.
eous Fuel Samples
5.2 In combustion processes, significant amounts of NO
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
may be produced by combination of atmospheric nitrogen and
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
oxygen; at ambient temperatures, NO can be converted to NO
2
Atmospheres
by oxygen and other atmospheric oxidants. Nitrogen dioxide
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
also may be generated from processes involving nitric acid,
Atmosphere
nitrates, the use of explosives, and welding.
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D3609 Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Perme-
6. Interferences
ation Tubes
6.1 Anysignificantinterferencesduetosulfurdioxide(SO )
2
D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric
should be negated by the oxidation step. The addition of
Pressure
acetone to the reagent retards color-fading by forming a
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
temporary addition product with SO . This will protect the
2
reagent from incidental exposure to SO and will permit
2
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
readingthecolorintensitywithin4to5h(insteadofthe45min
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient
required without acetone) without appreciable losses.
Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
6.2 A five-fold ratio of ozone to NO will cause a small
2
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originally
´1
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D3608 - 95 (2000) . interference, the maximal effect occurring in 3 h. The reagent
DOI: 10.1520/D3608-95R05.
assumes a slightly orange tint.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to
the ASTM website. this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3608–95 (2005)
6.3 The interferences from nitrous oxide and nitrogen pen- acid mixture, rinse well with water, and redetermine the
toxide, and other gases that might be found in polluted air are maximum pore diameter.
considered to be negligible. 7.3.3 Rinse the bubbler thoroughly with water and allow to
dry before using.
7.4 Mist Eliminator or Gas Drying Tube filled with acti-
vated charcoal or soda lime is used to prevent damage to the
flowmeter and pump.
7.5 Air-Metering Device—A calibrated glass variable-area
flowmeter, or dry gas meter coupled with a flow indicator
capableofaccur
...

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Standard Practice for Characterizing Uncertainty in Air Quality Measurements

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6.1 A primary use intended for this practice is for qualifying ASTM International Standards as Standard Test Methods. In the past, a “Precision and Bias” report has been required. However, recently a statement of uncertainty has become an acceptable alternative to Guide D3670. Inclusion of such a statement with a method description simplifies comparison of ASTM Test Methods to analogous ISO and Committee for European Normalization (CEN) standards, now required to have uncertainty statements.  
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Standard Test Method for Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere

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5.1 Air permits from regulatory agencies often require measurements of opacity from stationary air pollution point sources in the outdoor ambient environment. Opacity has been visually measured by certified smoke readers in accordance with USEPA (USEPA Method 9). DCOT is also a method to determine plume opacity in the outdoor ambient environment.  
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Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
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5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
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1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
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1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
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1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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