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ASTM D6614/D6614M-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics – CRE Method

Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics – CRE Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is used to determine the stretch and growth properties which a garment made of the fabric may be expected to exhibit during use.  
5.2 This is a new method and therefore the history of data is very small, however the excellent agreement of between-laboratory data suggest this method may be considered for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.  
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for such comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may also be used for these comparative tests. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of fabric stretch and fabric growth after a specified extension and held for a specified time.  
1.2 While this test method can be used for any fabric, knit fabrics having high stretch are better measured by Test Method D2594.  
1.3 This test method should not be used to measure the breaking strength and elongation of woven fabrics, which is covered in Test Methods D5034 and D5035.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2020
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6614/D6614M − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics – CRE Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6614/D6614M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2594 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics
Having Low Power
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
of fabric stretch and fabric growth after a specified extension
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
and held for a specified time.
Methods
1.2 While this test method can be used for any fabric, knit
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
fabrics having high stretch are better measured byTest Method
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D2594.
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
1.3 This test method should not be used to measure the Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
breaking strength and elongation of woven fabrics, which is
3. Terminology
covered in Test Methods D5034 and D5035.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to 3.2 For all terminology related to D13.58, Yarns and Fiber,
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
see Terminology D4849.
used independently of the other, and values from the two 3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
systems shall not be combined.
fabric stretch, fabric growth, stretch yarn.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D123.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Fabric Stretch and Fabric Growth—Aspecified load is
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
applied to a fabric specimen, using a constant rate of extension
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tensile tester at a prescribed rate of extension.After holding at
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the specified load for a predetermined time, the length is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
measured.The load is removed from the specimen and allowed
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to relax for a specified time. A small amount of force, enough
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to remove any wrinkles or folds, is applied and the specimen
length measured. The amount of fabric stretch is calculated
2. Referenced Documents
from the difference in length prior to load and under load.
2
Fabric growth is calculated from the difference in length prior
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to loading and after relaxation.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This method is used to determine the stretch and growth
propertieswhichagarmentmadeofthefabricmaybeexpected
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
to exhibit during use.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
5.2 This is a new method and therefore the history of data is
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
very small, however the excellent agreement of between-
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6614–07(2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D6614_D6614M-20.
laboratory data suggest this method may be considered for
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
acceptance testing of commercial shipments.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6614
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6614 − 07 (Reapproved 2015) D6614/D6614M − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics – CRE Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6614;D6614/D6614M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of fabric stretch and fabric growth after a specified extension and
held for a specified time.
1.2 While this test method can be used for any fabric, knit fabrics having high stretch are better measured by test methodTest
Method D2594.
1.3 This test method should not be used to measure the breaking strength and elongation of woven fabrics, which is covered
in Test Methods D5034 and D5035.
1.4 The values listedstated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents;
therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combiningother, and
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with specification.shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2594 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
3.2 For all terminology related to D13.58, Yarns and Fiber, see Terminology D4849.
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: fabric stretch, fabric growth, stretch yarn.
3.3 For definitions of all other textile terms see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Fabric Stretch and Fabric Growth— A specified load is applied to a fabric specimen, using a constant rate of extension
tensile tester at a prescribed rate of extension. After holding at the specified load for a predetermined time, the length is measured.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015July 1, 2020. Published September 2015August 2020. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
D6614–07(2011).D6614–07(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D6614-07R15.10.1520/D6614_D6614M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6614/D6614M − 20
The load is removed from the specimen and allowed to relax for a specified time. A small amount of force, enough to remove any
wrinkles or folds, is applied and the specimen length measured. The amount of fabric stretch is calculated from the difference in
length prior to load and under load. Fabric growth is calculated from the difference in length prior to loading and after relaxation.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This method is used to determine the stretch and growt
...

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of end (warp) and pick (filling) count and is applicable to all types of woven fabrics.  
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4157-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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