D13 - Textiles

ABSTRACT
This specification primarily covers greige tapes and webbings woven from "E" electrical classification glass fiber yarns. This specification can also be applied to tapes and webbings made of other glass fiber grades upon agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Greige glass fiber tapes and webbings are produced in two types: type A - medium texture, and type B - open texture. The fabric count, yarn number, filament diameter, strand construction, twist direction, twist level, weave type, length per unit mass, thickness, breaking force, width, length, ignition loss, and visual appearance shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice primarily covers greige tapes and webbings woven from “E” electrical classification glass fiber yarns. This practice can also be applied to tapes and webbings made of other glass fiber grades upon agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
1.2 This practice is intended to assist ultimate users by designating the types of these products that are typical in the industry. This practice permits the application of organic materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture that helps facilitate weaving. When used as permitted in this practice, such materials will not interfere with the intended end use requirements.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of pile thickness of level pile yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearance and performance may be affected by changes in pile thickness of pile yarn floor coverings. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is commonly used in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such comparative tests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pile thickness of finished level pile yarn floor covering using a thickness measuring instrument having a stationary surface (platen), a circular pressure foot under specified force, and capable of being moved vertically above the platen.  
1.2 This test method is applicable only to finished level loop, cutpile and cut & loop constructions with tuft heights less than 0.25 in. (6 mm).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing. Randomly assign the samples in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.3 The trapezoid tear produces tension along a reasonably defined course such that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. It is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different fabrics or different directions in the same fabric.  
5.4 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, individually or in combination, needed to stop a tear in fabrics of the same construction. The valleys recorded between the peaks have no specific significance. The minimum tearing force, however, is indicated to be above the lowest valleys.  
5.5 Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given fabric, depending upon its structure. Strong fabrics or fabrics...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.  
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile, and nonwoven fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.  
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.  
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information about between interlaboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the laboratories should be compared using statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 These test methods are useful to evaluate quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering.  
5.3 The significance and uses of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the procedures listed as follows for testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings. The procedures appear in the following order:    
Section  
Bow and Skewness of Woven Fabrics  
8  
Breaking Force of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics  
15  
Breaking Force After Tufting of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics  
16  
Extractable Matter  
9  
Fabric Count of Woven Fabrics  
12  
Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics  
13  
Length of Woven Fabrics  
11  
Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics  
14  
Width of Woven Fabrics  
10  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to soil test specimens in the absence of abrasive wear and texture changes under controlled conditions using a standard synthetic soil, or as a preliminary step to other procedures.  
5.2 This test method will provide a uniformly soiled test specimen to evaluate, is reproducible (see Section 11), and is economical for Testing Laboratories.  
5.3 This test method has been found to give results similar to the actual floor service soiling, but its use is recommended only as a screening test method and not as a replacement for floor testing.  
5.4 The acceptance criteria of this test method shall be set by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the equipment, and the test method for assessing the propensity of pile yarn floor coverings to soiling in the absence of abrasive wear and texture changes, using a standard synthetic soil composition.  
1.2 This test method is applicable for use in testing unused pile yarn floor covering of all types. It is not applicable for use in testing used pile yarn floor covering.  
1.3 This test method can be used to compare the soiling propensity of two or more carpets; or it can be used to soil carpets as a preliminary step to other test procedures.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures for the determination of properties of single-filament hose reinforcing wire made from steel are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of this product because the procedures are the best available and have been used extensively in the trade.  
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using these test methods for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for investigation of bias. As a minimum, two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared by using an appropriate statistical test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be determined and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing of single filament steel wires that are used to reinforce hose products. By agreement, these test methods may be applied to similar filaments used for reinforcing other rubber products.  
1.2 These test methods describe test procedures only and do not establish specifications or tolerances.  
1.3 These test methods cover the determinations of the mechanical properties listed below:
Property  
Section  
Breaking force (strength)  
7 – 14  
Yield strength  
7 – 14  
Elongation  
7 – 14  
Knot strength  
15 – 21  
Torsion resistance  
22 – 29  
Reverse bend  
30 – 37  
Wrap  
38 – 44  
Diameter  
45 – 51  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. Both appearance and performance can be affected by changes in the tuft height.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in view of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tuft height using a grooved specimen holder. It applies to cut-pile and loop-pile floor covering after adhesive backing has been applied to bond the pile yarn to the backing fabric.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This equipment may be used to bring about the changes in appearance and texture on the surface of pile floor covering caused by mechanical action.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the equipment and operation of the hexapod tumble drum tester for testing pile floor covering to produce changes in appearance and color due to changes in surface structure by mechanical action tester.  
1.2 This practice is applicable for use in testing unused pile floor covering of all types. It is not applicable for use in testing used pile yarn floor coverings.  
1.3 This practice may be used by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier to set purchasing specifications.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of fabric of the type in question. Test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 The force registered in a tear test is irregular, and as a consequence, empirical methods have had to be developed to obtain usable values related to tear strength. In spite of the empirical nature of the reported values, the values are considered to reflect comparative performance of similar fabrics tested and measured in the same way. No known procedure is available that can be used with all fabrics to determine the minimum tearing strength.  
5.3 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, fiber bonds, or fiber interlocks, individually or in combination, needed to stop a te...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.  
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics and non-wovens. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.  
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.  
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of I...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but comparisons should be made with caution because estimates of between-laboratory precision are incomplete.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Elongation is an indication of the ability of a fiber to absorb energy. The elongation of textile materials must be great enough to withstand strains experienced in processing and end use, and to absorb the energies of applied forces repeatedly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength and elongation of textile webbing, tape and braided materials using a split-drum type specimen clamp.  
1.2 This test method is limited to materials with a maximum width of 90 mm (3.5 in.) and a maximum breaking strength of no more than 89000 N (20000 lb).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are given in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The satisfactory performance of a loop pile floor covering depends, to a considerable extent, on the installation and maintenance of the product. A loop pile floor covering with inadequate edge ravel strength may result in loops pulling out from the backing, resulting in an aesthetically displeasing appearance. Tuft rows located at the seam of a loop pile floor covering are the most susceptible to raveling.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to ravel a straight sewn yarn from the edge of a loop pile, textile floor covering.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is applicable for use in testing the durability of pile yarn floor covering of all types.  
5.2 This practice is designed to simulate the stress on a pile yarn floor covering from the action of weighted roller chair castors over an extended period of time.  
5.3 The specimen is tested under conditions that may simulate an actual flooring installation. This may include the pile yarn floor covering plus a specified underlayment cushion.  
5.4 This practice is used to prepare specimens for additional testing, including but not limited to: visual assessment of delamination of the secondary backing, visual assessment of the pile surface, resistance to delamination measurement, tuft bind, and pile yarn raveling.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the operation of a weighted roller chair testing device that rotates and moves across a test specimen of pile yarn floor coverings.  
1.2 This practice is applicable for testing unused pile yarn floor covering of all types.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 By exposure to sufficient foot traffic, this practice can be applied to any pile yarn floor covering which undergoes changes in surface appearance.  
5.1.1 This practice does not simulate surface appearance changes due to soiling, pivoting, or rolling traffic, or traffic on stairs.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the trafficking of pile yarn floor coverings in a laboratory in order to effect a change in surface appearance as a result of exposure to foot traffic under controlled conditions. A separate test method, D7330, covers the assessment of surface appearance change using the Carpet and Rug Institute Reference Scales.2  
1.2 This practice is applicable to most changes in surface appearance observed in all types of carpet that are intended for residential or commercial use. It eliminates change in appearance associated with soiling by focusing on appearance change due to matting, flattening, or change in pile fiber configuration. Although “pile reversal” or “watermarking” is occasionally visible, this practice is not a reliable method for producing this phenomenon.  
1.3 This practice may be used by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier to set purchasing specifications.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general and physical requirements for greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. The yarn shall be a continuous filament, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda or potash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. The fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound in spiral tubes. The materials shall be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: fabric count; yarn numbers for both the warp and filling yarns; filament diameter; strand construction; twist direction wherein the primary twist in the singles strands shall be “Z” twist and the final twist in the plied yarns shall be “S” twist; twist level; fabric weave type which shall include crowfoot, leno, mock leno, plain, eight-harness satin, and twelve-harness satin; mass per unit area; thickness; breaking strength; width including both selvages but excluding any feathered edges; fabric roll length, length between splices, and number of splices per roll; and ignition loss. The fabrics shall also be examined for defects such as bias or bowed filling; baggy, ridged, or wavy cloth; cut or tear; hole; spots, streaks, or stains; foreign inclusions; tender or weak spot; smash; broken, missing ends or picks; floats and skips; light and heavy marks; crease; waste; weave separation; brittle or fused area; selvage defects; selvage leno ends out; and feather edges.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. This practice can also be applied to fabrics made of other glass fiber types as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.  
1.2 This practice specifies the terminology, definitions, general requirements and physical requirements for greige glass fiber fabrics. This practice permits the application of organic materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture that helps facilitate weaving.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This practice is one of a series to provide a substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.  
1.5 Additional ASTM practices in this series have been drafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. These include finished glass fabrics, unfinished glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords, glass sewing threads, and finished laminates made from finished glass fabrics.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a guide to help a manufacturer distributor, or importer establish a reasonable basis for care information.  
4.1.1 The manufacturer, distributor, or importer should possess, prior to sale, reliable evidence that the product was not harmed when refurbished reasonably often according to the instructions. Additionally, they should possess reliable evidence that the product, or a fair sample of the product, would be harmed when refurbished by methods warned against on the label.  
4.2 This guide is intended for general use by those who wish to evaluate whether apparel or other textile products will perform in an acceptable manner when refurbished according to particular care instructions.  
4.3 Refurbished products are evaluated against previously selected product specifications to determine whether the products can be refurbished successfully by following the instructions on the care label or other care instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide may be used to determine and confirm the appropriate care label instructions for apparel, piece goods, and other textile products excluding textile floor coverings and upholstery.  
1.2 This guide encompasses the following care procedures: home laundering, professional textile care, and other alternative cleaning methods.  
1.3 This guide includes provision for evaluating the complete textile product and the product components.  
1.4 This guide covers the performance characteristics as a result of refurbishing that are important in determining the acceptability of a textile product.  
1.5 This guide is appropriate for the evaluation of all garments and household textiles that are sold with care labels.  
1.5.1 This guide may also be used in connection with the evaluation of similar materials that do not have a care label.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides symbols and a system for their use by which care instructions for textile products can be conveyed in a simple, space-saving, and easily understood pictorial format that is not language dependent. See also ADJD5489-E-PDF. Currently, the FTC Care Labeling Rule recognizes Guide D5489-96c.  
4.2 Care symbols are an important means for identifying the appropriate care procedure for home laundering, commercial laundering, professional textile care, and coin-operated drycleaning, of textile products.  
4.3 Care labeling using symbols can be used by the purchaser to select textiles on the basis of the care method required without knowledge of the language. The FTC Care Labeling Rule specifies Guide D5489-96c symbols. Additional changes in words and symbols have been added to this guide which are not covered by 16 CFR 423. In the United States, when care symbols only are to be included in a care label, the FTC requires that the Guide D5489-96c version of symbols must be used. However, the symbols, as included in this standard version (Guide D5489-18), may be used if symbols are used in addition to full care instructions written in English wording.  
4.4 In countries in which a word-based care labeling system is required, the care symbol system may be used as a supplemental system.  
4.5 The word-based instructions for each symbol in this guide are harmonious with Terminology D123, and Terminology D3136, the United States Federal Trade Commission Care Labeling Rule, 16 CFR 423, and industry practice (see Figs. 1 and 2).
FIG. 1 Commercial and Home Laundering and Professional Textile Care Symbols
Note 1: This figure illustrates the symbols to use for laundering and drycleaning instructions. As a minimum, laundering instructions shall include, in order, four symbols: washing, bleaching, drying, and ironing; and, professional textile care instructions shall include one symbol. Additional symbols or words may be used to clarify the instructions.  
...
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1.1 This guide provides a uniform system of symbols for the disclosure of care instructions on textile products such as apparel, piece goods, and household and institutional articles, hereinafter referred to as “textile,” or “textile product.”  
1.2 This guide provides a comprehensive system of symbols to represent care instructions reducing language-dependent care instructions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for testing dry and wet abrasion resistance of manufactured fiber yarns. This test method is useful for ropes intended for use in the marine environment and for knitted hoses for various applications. The test method has been used with yarns having linear densities ranging from 65 tex to 335 tex, but may be used with yarns outside these ranges.  
5.2 Yarn to yarn friction is known to have a significant influence on abrasion resistance. To determine the coefficient of friction, use Test Method D3412.  
5.3 Limited interlaboratory correlation testing has been conducted to date. Single-laboratory testing, in accordance with ASTM practices, has been conducted. Test results should be used with caution.  
5.4 This test method is intended to provide additional data for specific applications such as mentioned in 5.1 and is not intended for quality control or test reports.  
5.5 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum the test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, be drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained and be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two or more laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.6 This test method is conducted at one or several applied tensions that may depend upon the yarn material and size. The number and magnitudes of applied tensions and the number of eight specimen sets generally are agreed up...
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1.1 This test method describes the measurement of abrasion resistance properties for manufactured fiber yarns in dry and wet conditions.  
1.2 This test method applies to manufactured yarns used in rope and knitted hose making.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the determination of the flammability of blankets is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of blankets since this test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate fabrics used in electric blankets without the resistance heating wires.  
5.3 Fabrics are potentially combustible. Some fabrics when used for blankets are potentially dangerous to the user depending on the ease of ignition, rapidity, and intensity of burning. This test method addresses some of these characteristics.
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1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the surface.  
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has been used by the blanket industry in the United States since 1972.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Note 1: This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.  
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In general, these procedures are more suitable for testing woven fabrics than knit fabrics.  
5.2 Both test options in this test method are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.3 The stiffness of a fabric may change with storage.  
5.4 No evidence has been found showing that bending length is dependent on the width of the test specimen. The tendency for specimens to curl or twist will affect the result, because of the rigidity provided at the edge of the specimen. Consequently, the wider the strip, the less important is the edge effect. For fabrics having only a slight tendency to curl, a 2.5 cm wide strip has been found to be satisfactory. As the tendency to curl increases, this width may be increased (see Note 10).  
5.5 This method differs from Test Method F3260 which requires tracking of...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stiffness properties of fabrics. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity is calculated. Two procedures are provided.  
1.1.1 Option A—Cantilever Test, employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own mass.  
1.1.2 Option B—Heart Loop Test, employing the principle of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.2.1 This method may be used to determine the stiffness of nonwoven materials (for example, hydroentangled, dry laid, needlepunch, resin bonded, thermal, and wet laid) or refer to Test Method D5732. To determine the stiffness of medical textiles (for example, surgical mesh, films, and membranes), refer to Test Method F3260.  
Note 1: The formula to calculate flexural rigidity in D5732-95 (2001) is incorrect and should not be used. Utilize the formula presented in 11.5 of Test Method D1388.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers...

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1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.  
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This standard identifies terminology related to subassemblies which are categorized as any component that is used in the construction or assembly of a textile product. Subassemblies can be in the form of components used as closures (for example, slide fasteners, buttons, snap fasteners, hook and loop (touch) fasteners) or methods used to join textile sections (for example, stitches and seams).  
1.2 Terms relating to Buttons are found in Section 3.  
1.3 Terms relating to Hook and Loop (Touch) fasteners are in Section 4.  
1.4 Terms relating to Snap Fasteners are found in Section 5.  
1.5 Terms relating to Slide Fasteners are found in Section 6.  
1.6 For other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for continuous glass filament sewing thread and untreated and neoprene treated, continuous filament cord; intended to assist ultimate users by designing the types of these products that are typical in the industry. The fiber shall be electrical grade, free of any free alkali metal oxides, such as soda or potash, and foreign particle, dirt, and other impurities. The glass fiber cord or sewing thread shall be wound on tubes, spools, or cones and shall conform to the following requirements: filament diameter; yarn number; strand construction; twist direction; twist level; breaking strength; yarn diameter; twist balance; and ignition loss. The cord and the sewing thread shall also undergo visual examination to check for defects such as cut, spot or stain, and embedded foreign matter.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for continuous glass filament sewing thread; and continuous filament cord, untreated and neoprene treated.  
1.2 This specification is intended to assist ultimate users by designating the types of these products that are typical in the industry.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems will result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for continuous fiber and staple fiber glass strands, including single, plied and multiple wound. It also covers textured glass fiber yarns. It is one of a series to provide a substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates. The nominal twist in S and Z directions and breaking strength of the continuous filament yarns shall conform to the specified requirements. The fibers shall be free of any free alkali metal oxides, such as soda or potash, and from foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. The direction of twist, twist level, filament diameter, breaking strength, and ignition loss (organic content) of the fiber shall be tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for continuous fiber and staple fiber glass strands, including single, plied and multiple wound. It also covers textured glass fiber yarns. This specification is intended to assist ultimate users by designating the general nomenclature for the strand products that are generally manufactured in the glass fiber industry.  
1.2 Glass fibers are produced having various compositions. General applications are identified by means of a letter designation. The letter designation represents a family of glasses that have provided acceptable performance to the end-user in the intended application. For example, the composition limits stated for E-Glass in this specification representing the glass fiber family for general and most electrical applications is designated by the letter E. Military specifications, such as, MIL-R-60346, recognize the composition limits described in this specification as meeting the respective requirements for E-Glass strands used in reinforced plastic structure applications.  
1.3 Glass fiber strands have a variety of general uses under specific conditions, such as high physical or chemical stress, high moisture, high temperature, or electrical environments. Property requirements under specific conditions are agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. Electrical property requirements vary with specific end-use applications. For printed circuit board applications, other requirements may be needed such as the use of Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) Specification EG 4412 A for finished fabric woven from E-Glass for printed circuit boards, or Specification MIL-P-13949 for printed wiring boards applicable to glass fabric base.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems will result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This specification is one of a series to provide a substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.  
1.6 Additional ASTM specifications in this series have been drafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. These include finished glass fabrics, unfinished glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords, glass sewing threads, and finished laminates made from finished glass fabrics.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers terminology which is used in the evaluation of inflatable restraint fabrics, cushions, and modules.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers finished fabrics woven from "E" electrical glass fiber yarns that are intended as a reinforcing material in laminated plastics for structural use. This specification can also be applied to fabrics made of other glass types. This specification permits the application of sizing materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture that helps facilitate weaving. These organic materials are typically removed from the greige gabric and replaced with a finish that is compatible with a specified resin matrix. The materials shall meet the required fabric count, yarn designations, yarn number, filament diameter, strand construction, twist direction, twist level, fabric weave type, mass per unit area, thickness, breaking strength, width, length, ignition loss, finish level, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers finished fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns that are intended as a reinforcing material in laminated plastics for structural use. This specification can also be applied to fabrics made of other glass types as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.  
1.2 This specification specifies the terminology, definitions, general requirements, and physical requirements for finished woven glass fabrics This specification permits the application of sizing materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture that helps facilitate weaving. These organic materials are typically removed from the greige fabric and replaced with a finish that is compatible with the resin matrix specified in the contracting document.
Note 1: Sizing materials on glass fiber yarns, in most cases, are removed by various cleaning procedures as a first stage in preparing a finished fabric. When these yarn sizing materials are removed during a cleaning procedure they need not be compatible with the subsequent resin matrix.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems will result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This specification is one of a series to provide a substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.  
1.5 Additional ASTM specifications in this series have been drafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. These include greige glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords, glass sewing threads, and finished laminates made from finished glass fabrics.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the industry related to textile fabrics. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included. Other terminology standards that have terms related to textile fabrics are shown in 2.1  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification primarily covers glass fabrics woven from "E" electrical continuous glass fiber rovings that are intended primarily as a reinforcing material in laminated plastics for structural use. The basic designation for glass woven roving fabric is by mass per unit area and is given in grams per square metre. The roving shall be continuous filament fiber, free of any free alkali, such as sodium or potassium metal salts and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. For the given woven roving fabrics, the average fabric count, average size-free yarn numbers, filament diameter, average mass per unit area, and fabric length shall conform to the requirements specified. For woven roving fabrics, the roving designations, strand construction, and fabric width shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. For the given woven roving fabrics, the weave type shall be plain weave. The woven roving fabric shall be generally uniform in quality and condition, clean, smooth, and free of foreign particles and defects detrimental to fabrication, appearance, or performance. Woven roving fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound on spiral tubes.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification primarily covers glass fabrics woven from “E” electrical continuous glass fiber rovings that are intended primarily as a reinforcing material in laminated plastics for structural use.  
1.2 This specification specifies the terminology, definitions, general requirements, and physical requirements for woven roving glass fiber fabrics. This specification permits the application of sizing materials to the glass fiber roving during manufacture that helps facilitate weaving. When used as permitted in this specification, such materials are compatible with the resin matrix as specified in the contracting instrument.  
Note 1: Sizing materials on glass fiber yarns, in most cases, are removed by various cleaning procedures as a first stage in preparing a finished fabric. When these yarn sizing materials are removed during a cleaning procedure, they need not be compatible with the subsequent resin matrix.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems will result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 2: This specification is one of a series to provide a substitute for the following Military Specifications:
MIL-Y-1140H Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass
MIL-C-9084C Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates
MIL-C-19663C Cloth, Glass, Woven Roving for Plastic Laminates  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.  
5.3 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.  
5.4 Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.  
1.1.1 This terminology, consists mostly of definitions, which are specific to the textile industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the textile industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The specific D13 subcommittee (SC) which has jurisdictional responsibility for every item is the first attribution noted after the definition. The SC terminology standard in which all the terms and definitions appear is listed by number after the jurisdiction for the term. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without the approval of the subcommittee which has jurisdiction. Users of this compilation should also review the SC terminology standard listed for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC having jurisdiction.  
1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D123 is also a tool for managing the committee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words. Redundancies can also occur when one definition is used for two or more terms.  
1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsibility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of managing terminology is the broad responsibility of every writer of standards, specifically the task group leader and subcommittee chairman.  
1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subcommittee compilations, this standard is comprised of the following sections that are listed in the order in which they appear.  
1.4.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions followed by SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.  
1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.  
1.4.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.  
1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 Standards That Have Been Withdrawn.  
1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.  
1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.  
1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D3996 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers circular and warp knitted fabrics for use in knit swimwear, composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.  
1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D3995 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no pre-purchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers the minimum performance requirements for knitted fabrics for dress and vocational career apparel composed of any textile fiber or mixtures of textile fibers.  
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to career apparel fabrics such as those used in protective clothing, that do not patently fit the categories Career Apparel or Career Apparel, Dress (see Terminology D7022 for these terms). Minimum performance specifications for such fabrics should be as agreed between the purchaser and the seller.  
1.3 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this performance specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified upon agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4118 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics, composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers, to be used in the manufacture of coveralls, dungarees, overalls and shop coats.  
1.2 This performance specification recognizes two levels of wearing severity relative to performance requirements for these fabrics.  
1.3 This performance specification is not applicable to woven fabrics intended for use in the manufacture of industrial-protective clothing.  
1.4 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because it has been used extensively in the trade for that purpose.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 This test method is suitable for use with narrow fabrics when the count across the total width is measured in the narrow direction and extrapolated to the number of yarns per centimeter (inch).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of end (warp) and pick (filling) count and is applicable to all types of woven fabrics.  
Note 1: Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describe the end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms end count and pick count are replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.2.1 Throughout this document, there will be some instances in which the units do not convert 1:1. This is to acknowledge that this is a global document and that different parts of the world use different units of measurement. Organizations using the metric system wil report the count per 1 cm. Organizations using the English system will report the count per 1 in.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: For a current test method for the wale and course count of weft knitted fabrics, refer to Test Method D8007.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the evaluation of specific performance characteristics of importance in seamless knit garments, including camisoles, panties, slips, girdles and swimwear. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of seamless knit garments: bursting strength, colorfastness to laundering, colorfastness to drycleaning, colorfastness to crocking, colorfastness to light, colorfastness to perspiration, colorfastness to intimates, colorfastness to sea water, colorfastness to chlorinated pool water, colorfastness to chlorine and non-chlorine bleach, dimensional change, stretch, flammability, garnet twist, and fiber content.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, seamless knit garments intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. (A) See Note 4.  
4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specifications should specify that: “This product meets ASTM specifications XXXX except for the following characteristic(s).”  
4.3 Where no pre-purchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for a particular product.  
4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specific performance characteristics of importance in seamless knit garments, including camisoles, panties, slips, girdles and swimwear.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. (A) See Note 3.  
4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specifications should specify that: “This product meets ASTM specifications XXXX except for the following characteristic(s).”  
4.3 Where no pre-purchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for a particular product.  
4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this performance specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that where more critical requirements call for higher performance levels, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. One or more of the requirements may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4232 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers the performance requirements for woven fabrics for career apparel: dress and vocational.  
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to career apparel fabrics that do not patently fit the category of Career Dress Apparel. Performance specifications for such fabrics should be as agreed to between the purchaser and the seller. This performance specification is not applicable to overcoat or topcoat uniform fabrics.  
1.3 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this performance specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4154 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers knitted and woven fabrics comprised of any textile fiber or mixture of fibers used in men's and boy's beachwear and sports shirts.  
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to knitted and woven fabrics used for interlining and swimwear.  
1.3 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For application areas such as optical fiber and cable reinforcements, aramid is usually used in a linear – not twisted – form. For designing constructions like this, it is essential to use data based on a specimen without twist applied.  
5.1.1 The modulus and FASE of twisted yarns demonstrate reduced values when compared to p-aramid flat yarns.  
5.1.2 Use Test Method D7269 for testing of twisted p-aramid yarns.  
5.2 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing aramid yarns are dependent on the age and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps, gauge length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.  
5.3 FASE (Force At Specified Elongation) describes the absolute resistance of the p-aramid flat yarn to an imposed elongation.  
5.4 Modulus is a measure of resistance of yarn or cord to extension as a force is applied. It is useful for estimating the response of a textile reinforced structure to the application of varying forces and rates of stretching. Although modulus may be determined at any specified force, initial modulus is the value most commonly used.  
5.5 Shape, size, and internal construction of the end-product can have appreciable effect on product performance. It is not possible, therefore, to evaluate the performance of end product in terms of the reinforcing material alone.  
5.6 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from ...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of para-aramid flat yarns. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.  
1.2 This standard includes the following test methods:    
Section  
Linear Density  
10  
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE)  
11  
Modulus  
11  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: This fabric meets Specification D3780 except for the following characteristic(s).  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers men's and boys' woven dress suit fabrics and woven sportswear jacket, slack, and trouser fabrics composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.  
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to woven fabrics used for interlinings.  
1.3 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knitted fabrics should meet all of the requirements in Table 1 to be suitable for use in the manufacture of dress suits and sportswear jackets, slacks, and trousers for men and boys.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable some fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. For example, the fabric could be dyed in shades that do not meet the requirement in Table 1 for colorfastness to light, yet be acceptable to the ultimate consumer because the shade is fashionable. In such cases, one or more of the requirements may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.  
5.2.1 If any of the requirements in Table 1 are modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller, any reference to the specification shall specify that “this fabric meets ASTM Specification D3782 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 The uses and significance of particular properties are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specific methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers men's and boys' knitted dress suit and knitted sportswear jacket, slack, and trouser fabrics composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.  
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to knitted fabrics used for interlinings.  
1.3 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D3994, except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics for use in men's, women's and children's swimwear, composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.  
1.2 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method described in this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4155 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics comprised of any textile fiber or mixture of fibers used in women's and girls' sportswear, or suitings.  
1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.3 This performance specification is not applicable to woven fabrics used for interlinings, jeans, and dungarees.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Elapsed time between spinning and testing has a marked effect on the results of the draw tension test, especially during the first 24 h. Therefore, if tested within 24 h of spinning, specimens should be compared only if tested after the same elapsed time. No specimen should be tested within 4 h of spinning because the aging process is at its most rapid rate during this period, and the differences in rate due to fiber structure are most pronounced.  
5.3 The extension force of manufactured filament yarns is related to the alignment of the molecules in the yarn filaments, which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge of this property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determine processing conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of extension force developed while drawing a partially oriented filament yarn between pairs of draw rolls of different surface speeds.  
1.2 Extension force provides an estimate of the yarn orientation.  
1.3 This test method applies to partially oriented filament yarns less than 33.3 tex (300 denier), but it can be used for higher deniers by applying the test conditions as directed in Appendix X1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4153 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics to be used in the manufacture of men's, women's, and children's handkerchiefs, both utilitarian and decorative.  
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to open-work fabrics such as lace which is used primarily to decorate handkerchiefs, or woven fabrics used for the manufacture of scarves.  
1.3 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent performance characteristics of men's and boys' launderable woven dress shirts and sport shirts.  
4.2 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptance criteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agreement between purchaser and supplier.  
4.3 The uses and significance of specific properties are discussed in the appropriate test methods and performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of specific characteristics of importance in launderable woven dress shirts and sport shirts.  
1.2 Any launderable woven dress shirt or sport shirt may be evaluated using this practice, but it shall not be construed to be a standard of performance.  
1.3 This practice may be used by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specifications.  
1.4 This practice is not intended to be used in the evaluation of woven dress shirts or sport shirts when drycleaned or hand-washed.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent characteristics of washable T-shirts.  
4.2 T-shirts may be subject to extra processes such as garment dyeing, garment washing, printing, application of embroidery or trims. An individual process or combination or processes may affect the performance of the final product.  
4.3 This practice may be used by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasing specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers test methods and procedures used to evaluate important characteristics of machine washable T-shirts. T-shirts may be made of knitted fabric composed of any textile fiber(s) or blend of fibers and intended to be used as underwear or as an outer garment.  
1.2 T-shirts' characteristics may be assessed either as a final product or at any intermediate processing stage.  
1.3 This practice excludes T-shirts intended for hand washing or dry cleaning care.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing aramid paper are dependent on the age and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps, gauge length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.  
5.2 Tensile strength is used in engineering calculations when designing various types of products.  
5.3 Elongation of the paper is taken into consideration in the design and engineering of reinforced products because of its effect on uniformity of the finished product and its dimensional stability during service.  
5.4 Stiffness is a measure of the resistance of the paper to extension as a force is applied.  
5.5 Tensile Energy Absorption is dependent on the relationship of force to elongation. It is a measure of the ability of a textile structure to absorb mechanical energy. Tensile Energy Absorption is work-to-break per area.  
5.6 It should be emphasized that, although the preceding parameters are related to the performance of the product, the actual configuration of the product is significant. Shape, size, and internal construction also can have appreciable effects on product performance. It is not possible, therefore, to evaluate the performance of the end product in terms of the reinforcing material alone.  
5.7 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assign...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tensile testing of aramid paper with thickness less than 1 mm. This test method includes testing procedures only and includes no specifications or tolerances.  
1.2 The procedures given in this test method are for use with computer-controlled constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.