ASTM C781-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Property data obtained with the recommended test methods identified herein may be used for research and development, design, manufacturing control, specifications, performance evaluation, and regulatory statutes pertaining to nuclear reactors that utilize graphite.
4.2 The referenced test methods are applicable primarily to specimens in the non-irradiated and non-oxidized state. Testing irradiated specimens often requires specimen geometries that do not meet the requirements of the standard. Specific instructions or recommendations with respect to testing non-conforming geometries can be found in STP 15784 and/or Guide D7775. When testing irradiated specimens at elevated temperatures, the effects of annealing should be considered (see Note 1).
Note 1: Exposure to fast neutron radiation will result in atomic and microstructural changes to graphite. This radiation damage occurs when energetic particles, such as fast neutrons, impinge on the crystal lattice and displace carbon atoms from their equilibrium positions, creating a lattice vacancy and an interstitial carbon atom. The lattice strain that results from displacement damage causes significant structural and property changes in the graphite and is a function of the irradiation temperature and dose. When the temperature of the graphite is brought above the temperature at which it was irradiated, enough energy is provided that the structure of the graphite will anneal back to its original condition. Therefore, measurement techniques that bring the specimen temperature above the irradiation temperature can result in property values that change during the measurement process. For this reason, measurements made on irradiated test specimens below the irradiation temperature will produce results that are representative of the irradiation damage. However, measurements made at temperatures above the irradiation temperature could include the effects of annealing.
4.3 Additional test methods are in preparation a...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the application and limitations of test methods for measuring the properties of graphite materials. These properties may be used for the design and evaluation of gas-cooled reactor components.
1.2 The test methods referenced herein are applicable to materials used for replaceable and permanent components as defined in Section 7 and includes fuel elements; removable reflector elements and blocks; permanent side reflector elements and blocks; core support pedestals and elements; control rod, reserve shutdown, and burnable poison compacts; and neutron shield material. Specific aspects with respect to testing of irradiated materials are addressed.
1.3 This practice includes test methods that have been selected from ASTM standards and guides that are specific to the testing of materials listed in 1.2. Comments on individual test methods for graphite components are given in Section 8. The test methods are summarized in Table 1.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C781 − 18 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor
1
Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C781; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers the application and limitations of
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-
testmethodsformeasuringthepropertiesofgraphitematerials.
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
These properties may be used for the design and evaluation of
C561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite Sample
gas-cooled reactor components.
C577 Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
1.2 The test methods referenced herein are applicable to
C611 TestMethodforElectricalResistivityofManufactured
materials used for replaceable and permanent components as
Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature
defined in Section 7 and includes fuel elements; removable
C625 Practice for Reporting Irradiation Results on Graphite
reflector elements and blocks; permanent side reflector ele- C651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured
ments and blocks; core support pedestals and elements; control CarbonandGraphiteArticlesUsingFour-PointLoadingat
Room Temperature
rod, reserve shutdown, and burnable poison compacts; and
C695 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Carbon and
neutron shield material. Specific aspects with respect to testing
Graphite
of irradiated materials are addressed.
C747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental
1.3 This practice includes test methods that have been
Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
selected from ASTM standards and guides that are specific to
Resonance
the testing of materials listed in 1.2. Comments on individual
C749 Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and
test methods for graphite components are given in Section 8.
Graphite
The test methods are summarized in Table 1.
C769 Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured
Carbon and Graphite Materials for Use in Obtaining an
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Approximate Value of Young’s Modulus
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
C816 Test Method for Sulfur Content in Graphite by
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Combustion-Iodometric Titration Method
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C838 Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Carbon and Graphite Shapes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C1039 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Spe-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- cific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
C1179 Test Method for Oxidation Mass Loss of Manufac-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tured Carbon and Graphite Materials in Air
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
C1233 Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contents
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of Nuclear Materials
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
C1274 Test Method forAdvanced Ceramic Specific Surface
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Area by Physical Adsorption
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C781 – 08 (2014). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C0781-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C781 − 18
TABLE 1 Summary of Test Methods for Graphite Components
NOTE 1—Graphite Co
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C781 − 08 (Reapproved 2014) C781 − 18 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Testing Graphite and Boronated Graphite Materials for High-
1
Temperature Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C781; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the application and limitations of test methods for measuring the properties of graphite and boronated
graphite materials. These properties may be used for the design and evaluation of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor components.
1.2 The test methods referenced herein are applicable to materials used for replaceable and permanent components as defined
in Section 7 and Section 9, and includes fuel elements; removable reflector elements and blocks; permanent side reflector elements
and blocks; core support pedestals and elements; control rod, reserve shutdown, and burnable poison compacts; and neutron shield
material. Specific aspects with respect to testing of irradiated materials are addressed.
1.3 This practice includes test methods that have been selected from existing ASTM standards, ASTM standards that have been
modified, and new ASTM standards standards and guides that are specific to the testing of materials listed in 1.2. Comments on
individual test methods for graphite and boronated graphite components are given in SectionsSection 8 and . 10, respectively. The
test methods are summarized in Tables 1 and 2Table 1.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.after
SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
C561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite Sample
C577 Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
C611 Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature
C625 Practice for Reporting Irradiation Results on Graphite
C651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at Room
Temperature
C695 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Carbon and Graphite
3
C709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and Graphite (Withdrawn 2017)
C747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic Resonance
C749 Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
C769 Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Materials for Use in Obtaining an Approximate
Value of Young’s Modulus
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2018. Published July 2014November 2018. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
C781 – 08.C781 – 08 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/C0781-08R14.10.1520/C0781-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
...
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