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ASTM D4956-16a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control

Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass bead lens and microprismatic, retroreflective sheeting designed for use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and other devices. This specification covers the performance of retroreflective sheeting materials and does not specifically address inks, overlays, or other imaging methods that may be applied to retroreflective sheeting material to create traffic signs or other devices.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2016
ICS
93.080.30 - Road equipment and installations
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.38 - Highway Traffic Control Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4956-16 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Replaced By
ASTM D4956-16b - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016
Referred By
ASTM E2706-18 - Standard Practice for Equipment Technology and Operations for Mobile and Plant-Based Secure Destruction Safety Requirements
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Referred By
ASTM E3165-18 - Standard Test Method for Nighttime Retroreflected Chromaticity of Retroreflective Sheeting
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Referred By
ASTM E1709-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.2 Degree Observation Angle
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Referred By
ASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings
Effective Date
01-May-2016

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4956 −16a
StandardSpecification for
1
Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E808Practice for Describing Retroreflection
E810Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of
1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass
Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
beadlensandmicroprismatic,retroreflectivesheetingdesigned
E811Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of
for use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and
Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
other devices. This specification covers the performance of
E991Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Speci-
retroreflective sheeting materials and does not specifically
mens Using the One-Monochromator Method
address inks, overlays, or other imaging methods that may be
applied to retroreflective sheeting material to create traffic E1164PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
signs or other devices. Color Evaluation
E1247Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Specimens by Spectrophotometry
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E1347Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
and are not considered standard.
E1349Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This
Geometry
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
E2152Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
E2153Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
tions prior to use.
E2301Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of
2. Referenced Documents
Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Mate-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: rials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal
B209Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry
Sheet and Plate
G7Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
B209MSpecification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
ing of Nonmetallic Materials
Sheet and Plate (Metric)
G113Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificialWeath-
B449Specification for Chromates on Aluminum
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
D2794Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
G147Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
E284Terminology of Appearance
G151PracticeforExposingNonmetallicMaterialsinAccel-
E308PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
the CIE System
G155Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on
2.2 Other Standards
Highway Traffic Control Materials.
ISO4892-2:2006PlasticsMethodsofexposuretolaboratory
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4956–16. DOI:
10.1520/D4956-16A.
ISO 4892-2:2006/Amd.1:2009 Plastics Methods of expo-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
EN12899-1:2007 Fixed, vertical road traffic signs - Part 1:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Fixed signs
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4956−16a
3. Terminology 4.2.5 Type V—A retroreflective sheeting referred to as “su-
per high-intensity” that is typically a metalized micr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4956 − 16 D4956 − 16a
Standard Specification for
1
Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass bead lens and microprismatic, retroreflective sheeting designed for use
on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and other devices. This specification covers the performance of retroreflective
sheeting materials and does not specifically address inks, overlays, or other imaging methods that may be applied to retroreflective
sheeting material to create traffic signs or other devices.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification.This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
B209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate (Metric)
B449 Specification for Chromates on Aluminum
D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
E810 Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
E811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
E991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
E1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
E2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data
E2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
E2301 Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High
Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on Highway
Traffic Control Materials.
Current edition approved March 1, 2016May 1, 2016. Published March 2016May 2016. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20132016 as
D4956 – 13.D4956 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4956-16.10.1520/D4956-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4956 − 16a
2.2 Other Standards
ISO 4892-2:200
...

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This specification covers reflectorized thermoplastic based pavement striping material of the class that is applied to the road surface in a molten state by screed/extrusion or ribbon extrusion means. It deals with longitudinal applications in non snow plow areas, standard (non-profile) pavement marking applications, and applications on smooth asphalt or concrete surfaces. It does not include asphalt seal coat applications, which use large aggregate resulting in a very rough, open grade finish. This specification establishes requirements with respect to chemical composition and physical property of the thermoplastic pavement marking material, requirements for the optics that are used to reflectorize the thermoplastic pavement marking material after application, field performance requirements for the installed thermoplastic pavement markings, and material application requirements.
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1.1.2 This specification includes:
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SCOPE
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ABSTRACT
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1.1.2.1 Compositional and physical property requirements of the thermoplastic pavement marking material,
1.1.2.2 Requirements for the optics that are used to reflectorize the thermoplastic pavement marking material after application,
1.1.2.3 Field performance requirements for the installed thermoplastic pavement markings, and
1.1.2.4 Material application requirements.  
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ASTM D2792-17(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Solvent and Fuel Resistance of Traffic Paint

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Traffic paints must have good resistance to motor oil and fuel drippings on the highway. This test method describes the procedure necessary to evaluate the resistance of traffic paint to reference test fluids in order to simulate this type of action.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the resistance of a dried film of traffic paint to the action of a specified hydrocarbon solvent or gasoline fuel test fluid.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4797-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Gravimetric Analysis of White and Yellow Thermoplastic Pavement Marking

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The function of these test methods is to define the percent of binder and retroreflective optics or non-retroreflective particles in the composition of the thermoplastic pavement marking as defined by the applicable specification for the manufacture of a specific thermoplastic pavement marking. The subsequent sample, as a result of ashing can be used to later test for the presence of titanium dioxide, lead chromate and possibly organic pigments.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the gravimetric analysis of the binder and hydrochloric Acid (HCL) insoluble particles in white and yellow thermoplastic pavement markings. The HCL insoluble particles can be retroreflective optics, such as glass beads or some other type of retroreflective optic, or non-retroreflective particles such as silica sand, or a combination of any two or more of these materials.  
1.2 This standard does not address the physical separation and the individual quantification of each component when a mixture of two or more HCL insoluble materials is present. Rather it requires the user to visually evaluate the HCL insoluble material (obtained from following this test method) and report the types of materials present.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the titanium dioxide or lead chromate pigment measurement (after ashing) which is detailed in Test Methods D1394 and D126.  
1.4 This standard will attempt to address the interference of organic pigments with the binder results.  
1.5 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Percent Binder  
10  
Percent Retroreflective Optics or
Non-Retroreflective Particles  
11  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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