ASTM D5891-95

Standard Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral film deposited on a filter paper from a 6 % solids slurry of clay mineral at 100-psi (-kPa) pressure as a measure of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 This test method is adapted from American Petroleum Institute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced; granular clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with the whole ground product used for testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2001
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5891 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope API Specification 13A, 4, 14th ed. for Drilling Fluid Mate-
rials
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
the evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral film
3. Terminology
deposited on a filter paper from a 6 % solids slurry of clay
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in this test
mineral at 100-psi (-kPa) pressure as a measure of its useful-
method, refer to API Standards and ASTM definitions for GCL
ness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in
products.
geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 This test method is adapted from American Petroleum
4. Significance and Use
Institute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.
4.1 Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL that
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced; granular
reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste or
clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 100 mesh
ground water through the liner.
U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200
4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effect the
mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with the whole ground product used
hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method
for testing.
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
performance.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
5. Apparatus
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Laboratory Balance, 100 g capacity, 60.01-g accuracy
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and precision.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Weighing Paper, or small weighing dish.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2 5.3 Graduated Cylinder, 500 6 5-mL graduated TD (to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
deliver) with 10-mL subdivisions, Class A volumetrically
calibrated; 10 6 0.1-mL graduated cylinder, graduated TC (to
2. Referenced Documents
contain) with 0.1-mL subdivisions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3 5.4 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and auto-
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4 mated sieve shaker.
E 1 Specification for Thermometers
5.5 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
5 grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
poses
5.6 ASTM Calibration Immersion Thermometer, 0 to 105 6
E 725 Test Method of Sampling Granular Carriers and
6 0.5°C (see Specification E 1).
Granular Pesticides
5.7 Mixer—11 000 6 300 rpm under load with single
2.2 API Standards:
sine-wave impeller approximately 25 mm (1.0 in.) in diameter
API RP 131, Recommended Practice for Laboratory Testing
(mounted flash side up). The impeller shall be replaced when it
of Drilling Fluids
weighs a minimum of 5.1 g, from an original weight of about
5.5 g. New blades will be weighed prior to installation in order
to ensure conformance to manufacturing criteria. Mixer speed
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on
under sample loading shall be determined and documented
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners.
once every 90 days unless the manufacturer has documented
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996.
objective evidence to extend calibration time.
When bentonite is removed from a GCL product for testing, it may include
adhesives that can influence test results.
NOTE 1—Sterling Multimixer Model 9B with 9B29X impeller blades or
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
equivalent may be obtained from the suppliers given in Footnote 9.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
6 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. For example, Sterling Multimixer Model 9B with 9B29X impeller blades
Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1801 K St. N.W., Washington, available from Fann Instrument Co., P.O. Box 4350, Houston, TX 77210, has been
DC 20226. found suitable for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5891
5.8 Mixing Container—Approximate dimensions are 180 8. Sampling and Selection
mm (7 in.) deep, 97-mm (3 ⁄16-in.) inner diameter at top, and
8.1 Conduct the sampling in accordance with Test Method
70-mm (2 ⁄4-in.) inner diameter at bottom.
E 725.
NOTE 2—Mixing containers or equivalent may be obtained from the
9. Procedure
suppliers given in Footnote 8.
9.1 Grind the clay mineral sample to greater than 100 %
5.9 Timers, 30 min, two interval, mechanical or electrical,
passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve, and a minimum of
precision 60.1 min.
65 % passing a 200-mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a mortar
5.10 Spatula, flat blade, to dislodge clay mineral clumps
and pestle or laboratory hammer mill as required.
adhering to the mixing container walls.
9.2 Weigh 22.50 6 0.01 g of the whole composite of finely
5.11 Covered or Sealed Container, of 400 to 600-mL
ground clay mineral with “as received” moisture, typically 5 to
capacity.
10 %, onto a weighing paper. If bentonite is removed from a
5.12 Ambient Temperature/Low-Pressure Filter Press, con-
GCL product, the bentonite would be dried to less than 10 %
forming to API RP 13B-1, Section 3.2. This filter press consists
moisture prior to weighing.
mainly of a cylindrical cell having an inside diameter of 76.2
9.3 Measure 350 6 5 mL of reagent water with the 500- mL
mm (3 in.) and a height of at least 64.0 mm (2.5 in.). This
graduated cylinder and added to the mixing cup. Place the cup
chamber is made of materials resistant to strongly alk
...