ASTM F2247-03(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Metal Doors Used in Blast Resistant Applications (Equivalent Static Load Method)
Standard Test Method for Metal Doors Used in Blast Resistant Applications (Equivalent Static Load Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Blast resistant doors are designed to protect against the problems and dangers created by a planned or accidental explosion or pressure leak. This test method will provide reasonable assurance to the specifier of the reliability of a door's structure, the restraining hardware, the frame, and the frame anchors when used in a blast resistant application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the structural performance of metal doors and frames and their restraining hardware (such as latches and hinges) used as a blast resistant barrier. This method involves applying an equivalent static pressure based on the characteristics of the specified blast pressure and structural properties of the door panel design.
1.2 The static tests are valid for the unit size tested or for smaller units of analogous construction. Extrapolation of test results for units larger than the test specimen are not permitted.
1.3 This standard test method is not applicable to tests where the forces are created by explosive charges, forced air from a shock tube apparatus, or any other method used to generate a dynamic load.
1.4 The proper use of this method requires knowledge of the principles of pressure, deflection, and when applicable, strain gauge measurement.
1.5 Using this method, specimens may be tested to determine ultimate static capacity or tested to specific static test loads.
1.5.1 Procedure A shall be used when a load-deflection curve is not required and a single load is applied.
1.5.2 Procedure B shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required and a single or multiple loads are applied.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in parenthesis are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2247–03 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Metal Doors Used in Blast Resistant Applications
(Equivalent Static Load Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the structural performance of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
metal doors and frames and their restraining hardware (such as E330 Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior
latches and hinges) used as a blast resistant barrier. This Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform
method involves applying an equivalent static pressure based Static Air Pressure Difference
on the characteristics of the specified blast pressure and 2.2 Other Standard:
structural properties of the door panel design. TM5-1300 Structures to Resist Effects ofAccidental Explo-
1.2 The static tests are valid for the unit size tested or for sions, Volume V, Structural Steel Design, Special Publi-
smaller units of analogous construction. Extrapolation of test cation No. ARLCD-SP-840001
results for units larger than the test specimen are not permitted.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard test method is not applicable to tests
where the forces are created by explosive charges, forced air 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 metal door—a term used in reference to doors which
from a shock tube apparatus, or any other method used to
generate a dynamic load. are built from steel sheets, internally stiffened with cold-
formed shapes or structural steel shapes. Materials can be
1.4 Theproperuseofthismethodrequiresknowledgeofthe
principles of pressure, deflection, and when applicable, strain carbon or stainless steel. The materials may be joined together
by any fabrication technique (that is, welding, bolting, struc-
gauge measurement.
1.5 Using this method, specimens may be tested to deter- tural adhesive, etc.). The material voids may be filled with
insulation.
mine ultimate static capacity or tested to specific static test
3.1.2 permanent deformation—the permanent displacement
loads.
1.5.1 Procedure A shall be used when a load-deflection from an original position that remains after an applied load has
been removed. Measured in millimetres (mm) (inches (in.)).
curve is not required and a single load is applied.
1.5.2 Procedure B shall be used when a load-deflection 3.1.3 rebound—stress reversal in the material of the door.
3.1.4 seating pressure—an applied pressure that causes the
curve is required and a single or multiple loads are applied.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the door panel to seat against the frame that is expressed in pascals
(Pa) (pounds-force per square foot (psf) or pounds-force per
standard. The values provided in parenthesis are for informa-
tion only. square inch (psi)).
3.1.5 specifier—individual or party requesting that a metal
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the door assembly meet specific blast resistance criteria.
3.1.6 specimen—the entire assembly unit submitted for test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- as described in Section 6.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F12 on Security For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Systems Products and Services. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2247 – 03. DOI: Available from U.S.ArmyArmament Research Development and Engineering
10.1520/F2247-03R10. Center, Dover, NJ.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2247–03 (2010)
3.1.7 steady state pressure—a test pressure held for a the door manufacturer intends to use in the actual door
minimum of 3 min. installation. The door frame will be attached to the test fixture
3.1.8 test director—the individual identified as being re- using the same quantity, size, and spacing of fasteners or
sponsible to complete the specified tests as required and to anchors that the specifier or door manufacturer intends to use
document the results. in the actual door installation.
3.1.9 test load—the specified static pressure differential
(positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,
7. Apparatus
expressedinpascals(Pa)(pounds-forcepersquarefoot(psf)or
7.1 Equipment capable of performing the test procedure
pounds-force per square inch (psi)).
described in this standard within the allowable tolerances is
3.1.10 ultimate load—the pressure (positive or negative) at
acceptable. Figures 1 through 4 are examples of apparatus
which failure of the specimen occurs expressed in Pa (psf or
layout.
psi).
7.2 Major Components:
3.1.11 unseating pressure—an applied pressure that tends
7.2.1 Test Chamber—A chamber or box with an opening
the door panel to unseat from the frame so that the door
and a removable mounting panel, into which the specimen is
reactions must be resisted by the restraining hardware, that is
installed.Atleastonepressuretapshallbeprovidedtomeasure
expressedinpascals(Pa)(pounds-forcepersquarefoot(psf)or
the chamber pressure and shall be so located that the reading is
pounds-force per square inch (psi)).
unaffected by the velocity of the fluid supply to or from the
chamber or any other fluid movement. A means of access is
4. Summary of Test Method
permitted to be provided to facilitate adjustments and obser-
4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen vations after the specimen is installed. The test chamber must
into or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air to the
not deflect under the test load in such a manner that the
chamber at a ratio required to maintain the test pressure
performance of the specimen will be affected.
difference across the specimen, and observing, measuring, and
7.2.2 Air System—A controllable blower or a compressed
recording the deflection, deformations, stresses (if recorded),
air supply, designed to provide the required air-pressure
and nature of any failures of principal or critical members or
difference across the specimen. The system shall provide a
the entire specimen.
constant air pressure difference for the duration of the test.
7.2.3 Combined Air/Water System—A combined air and
5. Significance and Use
water (fluid) system (See Fig. 1).
7.2.4 Pressure-Measuring Apparatus—Adevice to measure
5.1 Blast resistant doors are designed to protect against the
the test pressure difference with accuracy of 62 % of the
problems and dangers created by a planned or accidental
reading over the full range of test pressures.
explosion or pressure leak. This test method will provide
7.2.5 Deflection-Measuring System—Ameans of measuring
reasonable assurance to the specifier of the reliability of a
deflections with an accuracy of 60.25 mm (60.01 in.).
door’s structure, the restraining hardware, the frame, and the
7.2.5.1 For Procedure A (see 10.2), any locations at which
frame anchors when used in a blast resistant application.
deflections are to be measured shall be stated by the Specifier
or the Test Director. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested locations.
6. Specimen Preparation
7.2.5.2 For Procedure B (see 10.3), any locations at which
6.1 Construction—The door panel shall meet the general
deflections are to be measured shall be stated by the Specifier
definition of a metal door as outlined in 3.1.1. The test method
or the Test Director. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested locations.
isgeneralanddoesnotlimitthedoormanufacturertoaspecific
7.2.5.3 Deflection measurements shall be independent of
door panel construction or fabrication process. Ultimately, the
movements of, or movements within, the specimen or member
designofthedoorpanelisbaseduponthetargetpressurerating
supports.
established by the specifier or door manufacturer.
7.2.6 If desired, strain gauges to measure strain shall be
6.1.1 The size of the specimen (door panel and frame) shall
mounted on the side of the door panel in tension. Strain gauges
be representative or larger than the application under investi-
are attached to the tension side of the door panel. They are to
gation.
bemountedinaccordancewiththestraingaugemanufacturer’s
6.1.2 Configuration and spacing of the door panel’s internal
instructions.
stiffeners will be as designed by the specifier or the door
7.2.6.1 The location of the gauges are to be determined by
manufacturer. Space between stiffeners may be filled with
the specifier or the door manufacturer and they shall be placed
insulation.
where the greatest changes in strain are anticipated, typically at
6.1.3 The typical door panel shall be considered as a three
the points of greatest flexure. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested
side supported, one edge free loading condition for a seating
locations.
load case. Generally, the bottom edge of the door panel is free
(no structural threshold). If the door assembly does have a
8. Hazards
structuralthreshold,thedoorpanelmaybeconsideredasafour
sidesupportedconditionforaseatingloadcase.Thedoorpanel 8.1 Proper care must be taken for the possibility of a failure.
is supported by the restraining hardware during the unseating The system used in this test method contains considerable
loadcase.Thedoorpanelwillbeattachedtotheframewiththe stored energy and constitutes a hazard. The testing apparatus
same quantity and size of hinge fasteners that the specifier or shall be equipped with a method to restrain the specimen in the
F2247–03 (2010)
FIG. 1 Schematic of Test Arrangement
event of failure. The restraint method shall not interfere with and the time for the magnitude of the pressure to return to
the test nor the results of the test. ambient pressure. See Annex A1 for example of converting a
dynamic pressure into an equivalent static load.
9. Calibration
10.2.3 The permitted damage level category in accordance
9.1 Pressure Gage, deflection-measuring devices, and strain
with Section 11.
gauges shall be calibrated prior to testing to make certain the
10.2.4 The number and location of deflection and, if appli-
devices are within specifications and requirements (see 7.2.4
cable, strain gages.
and 7.2.5). Calibration of test equipment shall be in accordance
10.3 Procedure B—Single or Multiple Loading with Deflec-
with the manufacturer’s recommendations and to a national
tion Curve:
recognized standard.
10.3.1 Same as 10.2.1-10.2.4, additionally:
10.3.2 The number of load cycles at which deflection and
10. Required Information
stress-strain measurements are required.
10.1 The following information shall be supplied by the
10.3.3 The number and location of required deflection and
specifier:
strain gages (if desired).
10.2 Procedure A—Single Loading with no Deflection
Curve:
11. Acceptance Criteria
10.2.1 Performance criteria and the number and gage loca-
tion. 11.1 Acceptance of the door is based on the end use of the
10.2.2 The blast duration defined as the time interval door. The door is classified into one of four damage level
between time of arrival of the blast wave at a given location categories. The criterion and acceptance for each category is:
F2247–03 (2010)
FIG. 2 Test Fixture Elevation—Unseating Load Case
11.1.1 Category I—The specimen is unchanged (no perma- (1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that the
nent deformation) after the loading incident and the door is deflection gages have returned to zero reading with a tolerance
fully operable. The specimen remains intact and responds of +2 mm ( ⁄64 in.).
elastically. (2) Verify that the door is operable by unlatching the door
11.1.1.1 Acceptance: and swinging the panel.
F2247–03 (2010)
FIG. 3 Test Fixture Elevation—Seating Load Case
(3) If strain gages are used, check that the recorded stresses (5) Verify that the external portions of the latch and hinges
are within acceptable limits of door material. have not suffered any permanent set.
(4) Verify that the door can be latched.
F2247–03 (2010)
11.1.2 Category II—The door is operable but measurable; men. The membrane shall not prevent movement or failure of
permanent deformation to the door panel exceeding the toler- thespecimen.Themembraneistobeappliedlooselywithextra
ance listed in 11.1.1.1 has been experienced. The specimen folds of material at each corner and at all offsets and recesses.
remains as an integral system. When the load is applied, there shall be no fillet caused by
11.1.2.1 Acceptance: tightness of membrane. Sponge rubber pads are permitted to be
(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that the placed over any protrusions that may puncture the membrane.
measurable deformation is acceptable to the end use of the Tape shall not be used when it can restrict differential move-
door. ment between adjoining members.
(2) Verify that the specimen remains an integral system. 12.3 ProcedureA—Use ProcedureAwhen a load-deflection
(3) If strain gages are used, check that the recorded stresses curve is not required:
are within acceptable limits of door material. 12.3.1 Check the specimen for proper adjustments and
(4) Verify that the door is operable by unlatching the door clearances in the closed position and close all latches,
and swinging the panel. 12.3.2 Install any required deflection and if applicable,
11.1.3 Category III—Non-catastrophic failure. No struc- strain measuring devices at their suggested locations (see Figs.
tural failure occurs to the specimen that prevents the specimen 2 and 3),
from providing a barrier to blast wave propagation. However, 12.3.3 Apply half the full test load and maintain this load at
the specimen is permanently deformed and the door panel is a steady state until the pertinent test data are recorded (not less
inoperable. than 3 min),
11.1.3.1 Acceptance: 12.3.4 Apply the full test load and maintain this load at a
(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, veri
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