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ASTM F2927-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Door Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings

Standard Test Method for Door Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides standardized procedures that must be followed to establish that a particular door assembly meets a defined damage category (Table 1). Test results can be used to specify a door assembly for a particular pressure/time loading and damage level.  
5.2 When a door system is subjected to this test method, it does not imply that a door system of visually similar design will resist the same applied test load. The probability that a single door assembly will resist the specified air blast pressure for which it is certified increases with the number of test specimens used to certify the door design. See Annex A1 for additional statistical considerations.  
5.3 Arena testing and shock tube testing may not translate to equivalent results from one method to the other. A specifier may require testing using one method instead of the other. The specifier should be consulted prior to the initiation of any testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method identifies the standard procedures that shall be followed when utilizing either an air blast simulator, shock tube, or a controlled open-air explosion to evaluate the blast capacity of a door system. This test method is designed for all types of swinging doors, including single and double doors construction. This method is used to test complete door assemblies. The door panel(s) may also contain one or more integral vision lites (part of the glazing system). The door assembly shall be arranged so that the initial blast force either acts to seat the door panel(s) into the frame or unseat the door panel(s) from the frame to simulate the blast threat. When the initial blast force acts to unseat the door(s) from the frame, the force is concentrated on the restraining hardware (that is, the latching mechanism, the hinges, and the frame connection). The results gathered from this method can be used for door installations in non-rigid wall openings. The test method may be adapted to horizontal sliding and vertical-lift doors.  
1.2 When testing with an explosive charge, a charge in-contact with the test specimen or any charge resulting in high localized loading is not covered by this method. When testing with an explosive charge to this standard, to avoid brittle modes of response from the blast, the scaled range of the charge shall be (1.19 m/kg)1/3 (3 ft/lb)1/3 or greater from the test specimen, with an absolute minimum of 1 m (39 in.) standoff of the charge from the test specimen.  
1.3 Swinging doors that may be required to resist or mitigate the effects of a blast shall have restraining hardware (latching mechanisms and hinges). The performance of these items is critical in determining the blast resisting or mitigating properties of a door assembly. A door assembly may also contain ancillary hardware. Although many of these critical restraining and ancillary items are mounted on what is deemed the “safe side” of the door system, the test director must verify whether these items stay affixed to the assembly or become dislodged from the assembly. Hardware items that dislodge from the door or frame during the test and become a flying debris hazard shall be assigned a door response damage category as defined in Table 1. When the test results of a door system do not include ancillary hardware as specified by the specifier, it shall be the responsibility of the test sponsor or vendor/manufacturer to determine the risk of an ancillary component becoming a flying debris hazard to the satisfaction of the specifier.    
1.4 Unless otherwise specified by end user, this test method and the resulting data are valid for the door size tested, and for smaller doors of identical construction (including any ancillary hardware) with a similar (±20 %) aspect ratio up to 25 % smaller. Acceptance criteria are divided into five door response damage categories (Categories I, II, III, IV, and V). Damage Category III has two subcategories: III/U that permits an un...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2021
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
F12 - Security Systems and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F12.10 - Systems Products and Services
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F2927-21 - Standard Test Method for Door Systems Subject to Airblast LoadingsASTM F2927-21 - Standard Test Method for Door Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
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ASTM F2927-21 - Standard Test Method for Door Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2927 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Door Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope debris hazard shall be assigned a door response damage
category as defined in Table 1. When the test results of a door
1.1 This test method identifies the standard procedures that
system do not include ancillary hardware as specified by the
shall be followed when utilizing either an air blast simulator,
specifier, it shall be the responsibility of the test sponsor or
shock tube, or a controlled open-air explosion to evaluate the
vendor/manufacturer to determine the risk of an ancillary
blast capacity of a door system. This test method is designed
component becoming a flying debris hazard to the satisfaction
for all types of swinging doors, including single and double
of the specifier.
doors construction. This method is used to test complete door
assemblies. The door panel(s) may also contain one or more
1.4 Unless otherwise specified by end user, this test method
integral vision lites (part of the glazing system). The door
and the resulting data are valid for the door size tested, and for
assembly shall be arranged so that the initial blast force either
smaller doors of identical construction (including any ancillary
acts to seat the door panel(s) into the frame or unseat the door
hardware) with a similar (620 %) aspect ratio up to 25 %
panel(s) from the frame to simulate the blast threat. When the
smaller.Acceptance criteria are divided into five door response
initial blast force acts to unseat the door(s) from the frame, the
damage categories (Categories I, II, III, IV, and V). Damage
force is concentrated on the restraining hardware (that is, the
Category III has two subcategories: III/U that permits an
latching mechanism, the hinges, and the frame connection).
unsecured door after the loading event and III/S that requires a
The results gathered from this method can be used for door
secured door after the loading event. Refer to 7.1 and Table 1
installations in non-rigid wall openings. The test method may
for a description of each category.
be adapted to horizontal sliding and vertical-lift doors.
1.5 A door assembly may also contain ancillary hardware.
1.2 When testing with an explosive charge, a charge in-
Although these hardware components may not influence blast
contact with the test specimen or any charge resulting in high
resistance performance, the specifier may wish to verify that
localized loading is not covered by this method. When testing
theseitemsdonotdislodgefromthedoororframeduringatest
with an explosive charge to this standard, to avoid brittle
and become a flying debris hazard.
modes of response from the blast, the scaled range of the
1/3 1/3
1.6 For doors equipped with a vision lite, the door shall be
charge shall be (1.19 m⁄kg) (3 ft⁄lb) or greater from the
evaluated using the door response damage categories in Table
test specimen, with an absolute minimum of 1 m (39 in.)
1, and the glazing and glazing system of the vision lite shall
standoff of the charge from the test specimen.
also be evaluated using the glazing hazard levels in Table 2
1.3 Swinging doors that may be required to resist or
(see also 7.5).
mitigate the effects of a blast shall have restraining hardware
1.7 This method is intended to test the blast capacity of a
(latching mechanisms and hinges). The performance of these
door assembly from a shock wave. It does not attempt to
items is critical in determining the blast resisting or mitigating
addressalltestingrequiredofdoorassemblies.Thesetestsmay
properties of a door assembly. A door assembly may also
include, but are not limited to, charge-in-contact blast
contain ancillary hardware. Although many of these critical
resistance, forced entry resistance, ballistic resistance, fire
restraining and ancillary items are mounted on what is deemed
resistance, sound attenuation, and gas or water leakage. These
the “safe side” of the door system, the test director must verify
types of tests are not covered by this test method.
whether these items stay affixed to the assembly or become
dislodged from the assembly. Hardware items that dislodge
1.8 This test method does not verify the blast performance
from the door or frame during the test and become a flying
of the wall that a tested door will be placed in.
1.9 The values sta
...

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5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the ability of window assemblies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.  
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.5 and as shown in Fig. 1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for each type.
FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)  
1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizontally within the plane of the wall.  
1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the interior (inswinging).  
1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.  
1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed not to open.  
1.2.5 Type E—A window assembly which incorporates a series of overlapping horizontal louvers that are pivoted simultaneously by a common actuator so that the bottom edge of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward during operation.
Note 1: See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of window assembly types.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
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ASTM F842-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Sliding Door Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for sliding door assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods, such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
5.2 Entry through a sliding door assembly can be accomplished by impacting or removing glazing materials. This method does not evaluate glazing materials for breakage or de-glazing. Other standards must be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting or removing glazing.  
5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Suggested guidelines are found in Annex A1.
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1.1 These test methods determine the ability of sliding door assemblies to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.  
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, sliding door assemblies are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.4 and as shown in Fig. 1. Sliding door assemblies with a combination of operable panels and fixed panels (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for each type.
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1.2.2 Type B—A sliding door assembly which incorporates one or more sliding panels that lock to an intermediate jamb.  
1.2.3 Type C—A sliding door assembly which incorporates one or more sliding panels that abut and lock to other panels.  
1.2.4 Type D—A sliding door assembly which incorporates one or more fixed or stationary panels that are designed not to open.
Note 1: See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of sliding door assembly types.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice recognizes that the effective performance of installed fenestration products is dependent in part upon following proper installation procedures and appropriate workmanship.  
4.2 This practice recognizes that the coordination of trades and proper sequencing are essential for effective fenestration installation. The general contractor shall be responsible for the necessary coordination of trades and proper construction sequencing of the installed fenestration product.  
4.3 Improper installation of units contributes to excessive air, water and sound leakage, and condensation. It may promote the deterioration of wall constructions, insulation, fenestration products, and their respective finishes.  
4.4 This practice presumes a working knowledge of applicable federal, state, and local codes and regulations, specifically, but not limited to required means of egress, requirements for safety glazing materials, and structural requirements of applicable codes.  
4.5 This practice presumes a working knowledge of the tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of specified fenestration products. It further assumes familiarity with flashing and sealing, glazing procedures, finishes where applicable, and an understanding of the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of these units.  
4.6 This practice presumes that the products that have been furnished for the installation and their locations within the structure comply with all the applicable building codes and regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.  
1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.  
1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems, in order to ensure the continuity of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identification and understanding of the water shedding system of the building envelope.  
1.4 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through post-installation procedures, for single units or factory-mulled multiple units in a single opening. It does not cover the fabrication or assembly of multiple units, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the intended installation site. The installer should check with the manufacturer of factory-assembled units for instructions for anchoring. When using field-mulled units, follow manufacturer's recommendations and make certain that they meet applicable codes. This practice does not cover the selection of appropriate fenestration products for a given application, nor the selection of other products or systems for use in the installation.  
1.5 This practice provides minimum requirements that will help to accomplish the installation of fenestration products in an effective manner. Actual conditions in buildings vary greatly and, in some cases, substantial additional precautions may be required. In the event that the manufacturer's installation instructions provided with the product conflict with requirements of this practice, the manufacturer's instructions shall prevail. This practice is not intended to limit or exclude other new procedures that may refine or further improve the effectiveness of fenestration installation.  
1.5.1 This practice is intended to be used for background information in order to develop training manuals and training programs. Further, this practice attempts to cons...

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  • Standard
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    English language
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ASTM
ASTM E331-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform static air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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