ASTM D6041-97(2002)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Contact-Molded "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Corrosion Resistant Pipe and Fittings (Withdrawn 2011)
Standard Specification for Contact-Molded "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Corrosion Resistant Pipe and Fittings (Withdrawn 2011)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers contact-molded “fibreglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin) corrosion resistant pipe and fittings. The laminate comprising the pipe wall shall consist of a corrosion barrier comprised of an inner surface and interior layer, a structural layer, and an outer surface. Test conditions, chemical resistance of resin, glass content, tensile strength, short-time hydraulic failure pressure, and physical properties tests shall be performed to conform to the specific requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pipe and fittings fabricated by contact molding, for pressures to 150 psi and made of a commercial-grade polyester resin. Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.
1.2 This specification does not cover resins other than polyester, reinforcing materials other than glass fibers or fabrication methods other than contact molding.
Note 1—For the purposes of this specification, the term polyester resin will include both polyester and vinylester resins.
1.3 This specification does not cover the design of pipe and fittings intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to Section 10, the test methods portion, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covered pipe and fittings fabricated by contact molding, for pressures to 150 psi and made of a commercial-grade polyester resin. Included were requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this specification was withdrawn in January 2011 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D6041 – 97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Specification for
Contact-Molded “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting Resin) Corrosion Resistant Pipe and
Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6041; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Structures Intended for Liquid Service
C582 Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced Ther-
1.1 This specification covers pipe and fittings fabricated by
mosettingPlastic(RTP)LaminatesforCorrosion-Resistant
contact molding, for pressures to 150 psi and made of a
Equipment
commercial-grade polyester resin. Included are requirements
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions,
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.2 This specification does not cover resins other than
D1599 TestMethodforResistancetoShort-TimeHydraulic
polyester, reinforcing materials other than glass fibers or
Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
fabrication methods other than contact molding.
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
NOTE 1—Forthepurposesofthisspecification,thetermpolyesterresin
Plastics
will include both polyester and vinylester resins.
D2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid
1.3 This specification does not cover the design of pipe and
Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
fittings intended for use with liquids heated above their flash
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
points.
Resins
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-
as the standard.The SI units given in parentheses are provided
glass” (Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedThermosetting Resin) Pipe
for information purposes only.
and Fittings
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to
D3681 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of “Fiber-
Section 10, the test methods portion, of this specification: This
glass” (Glass−Fiber−Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Pipe in a Deflected Condition
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
D5421 Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass”
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Flanges
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
tions prior to use.
2.2 ANSI Standards:
B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
2. Referenced Documents
B18.22 Type “B” Narrow Washers
2.3 National Sanitation Foundation Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NSF Standard 61 Drinking Water System Components—
C581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of
Health Effects
Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
3. Terminology
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
3.1 Definitions:
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
nology D883 and Terminology F412 and abbreviations are in
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D6041–97. DOI:
10.1520/D6041-97R02.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd.,Ann
the ASTM website. Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6041 – 97 (2002)
improve the flame retardancy of non-halogenated resins.
accordance with Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indi-
cated.The abbreviation for reinforced thermosetting resin pipe
4.1.3 Ultraviolet Absorbers may be added for improved
is RTRP.
weather resistance when agreed upon between the manufac-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
turer and the purchaser.
3.2.1 contact molding, n—a process for molding reinforced
4.1.4 Resin Pastes, used where necessary to fill crevices at
plasticsinwhichreinforcementandresinareplacedonanopen
joints prior to applying the joint laminate shall not be subject
mold or mandrel by either the “hand lay-up”(where resin and
to the limitations of 4.1.3. Pastes shall be made with resin and
glass mat are applied by hand), or the “spray-up” manufactur-
fillers.The resin used in the paste must be compatible with the
ingprocesses(whereresinandchoppedglassfibersaresprayed
resin used in the pipe and fittings.
under pressure), or a combination of the two. The resulting
4.2 Fiber Reinforcements:
laminate is then consolidated by rolling and cured without the
4.2.1 Surfacing Mat (Veil) is a thin mat of fine fibers used
application of pressure.
primarily to produce a smooth and corrosion–resistant resin-
3.2.2 fiberglass pipe, n—a tubular product containing glass
–rich surface on a reinforced plastic laminate.
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
4.2.1.1 Veils are made from chemical resistant (type “C”)
thermosetting resin. The composite structure may contain
glass or organic fiber. The use of an organic-fiber surface mat
granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pigments, or
is recommended for environments that attack glass. The veil
dyes. Thermoplastic or thermosetting liners may be included.
used in a laminate shall be determined to be acceptable for the
3.2.3 polyester,n—resinsproducedbythepolycondensation
chemical service either by Practice C581 or by verified case
of dihydroxy glycols and dibasic organic acids or anhydrides,
history.
wherein at least one component contributes ethylenic unsat-
4.2.1.2 The veil shall be a minimum of 10 mils in dry
uration yielding resins that can be compounded with styrol
thicknessandproduceathicknessof0.010to0.020in.(0.25to
monomers and reacted to give highly crosslinked thermoset
0.50 mm) when saturated with resin.
copolymers.
NOTE 8—The primary chemical resistance of the RTR pipe is provided
3.2.4 vinyl ester, n—resins characterized by reactive unsat-
by the resin. In combination with the cured resin, the surfacing veil helps
uration located predominately in terminal positions that can be
determinethethicknessoftheresin-richlayer,andreducesmicrocracking.
compounded with styrol monomers and reacted to give highly
4.2.2 Chopped-strand Reinforcements shall be “E”-type or
crosslinked thermoset copolymers.
“ECR”-type glass fibers 1 to 2 in. (25 to 50 mm) long applied
4. Materials and Manufacture in a uniform layer with random orientation. The fibers shall
have a sizing compatible with the selected resin. Chopped
NOTE 3—Specification C582 provides additional information on the
strand reinforcements may be purchased and applied as a mat
materials and manufacturing of contact–molded laminates.
or as continuous strand roving which is chopped into short
NOTE 4—Fiberglass pipe intended for use in the transport of potable
lengths and sprayed onto the laminate in a process known as
watershouldbeevaluatedandcertifiedassafeforthispurposebyatesting
agency acceptable to the local health authority. The evaluation should be
“spray up.” Either form is most commonly applied in layers
2 2
in accordance with requirements for chemical extraction, taste, and odor
weighing 1 ⁄2 oz/ft (450g/m ) although other weights are
that are no less restrictive than those included in National Sanitation
available and may be used.
Foundation(NSF)Standard61.Thesealormarkofthelaboratorymaking
4.2.3 Woven Roving, shall be “E”-type or “ECR”-type glass
the evaluation should be included on the fiberglass pipe.
roving, woven into a fabric. The sizing on the roving shall be
4.1 Resin System:
compatible with the resin. The most common woven roving
4.1.1 Theresinusedshallbeacommercialgrade,corrosion- 2 2
hasa5by4 weave and a weight of 24 oz/yd (832 g/m ).
resistant polyester that has been determined to be acceptable
4.2.4 Non-woven Roving “E type or “ECR” glass reinforc-
for the service either by test, (see Practice C581), or by
ingfabricssuchasbiaxialsanduni-directionalsmaybeusedin
previous documented service. Where service conditions have
special applications such as reinforcing tees and other fittings
not been evaluated a suitable resin may also be selected by
or to improve the physical properties of the laminate in a
agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
specific direction.
4.1.1.1 The use of one resin in the corrosion barrier and a
4.2.5 Multiple Layer Reinforcements are fabrics composed
different resin in the structural layer (see Section 6) is permit-
of two or more layers of reinforcement combined into one
ted with the acceptance of the purchaser. 2
fabric. The most common form is one layer of 1 ⁄2 oz/ft
4.1.2 Additives, such as additional styrene, fillers, dyes, 2
chopped strand mat combined with one layer of 24 oz/yd
pigments, or flame retardants may be used when agreed upon
wovenroving.Thepipemanufacturermustuseextracautionto
between the fabricator and purchaser. Thixotropic agents may
ensure proper laminate quality is maintained when using
be added to the resin for viscosity control.
multiple layer reinforcements.
NOTE 5—The addition of fillers, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, and
thixotropicagentsmayinterferewithvisualinspectionoflaminatequality. 5. Design
NOTE 6—Chemical resistance can be affected by the catalyst/promoter
5.1 Design Basis:
system, diluents, dyes, fillers, flame retardants, or thixotropic agents used
5.1.1 Class A—For pipe to be manufactured usingType I or
in the resin.
Type II laminates as described in Specification C582, the
NOTE 7—Antimony compounds or other fire-retardant agents may be
UltimateTensile Stresses shown in Specification C582 may be
added to halogenated resins for improved fire resistance, if agreed upon
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. These compounds do not used for the design basis.
D6041 – 97 (2002)
5.1.2 Class B—For pipe manufactured with other thanType contain less than 20% by weight of reinforcing material and
IorTypeIIlaminates(inaccordancewithSpecificationC582), have a thickness between 0.010 and 0.020 in. (0.25 to 0.50
or for Ultimate Tensile Stresses greater than those shown in mm)
C582, testing in accordance with 10.5 or 10.6 is required to
6.1.1.2 Interior Layer—The inner surface layer shall be
establishadesignbasisforeachlaminatetypeusedbythepipe
followed with a layer composed of resin reinforced only with
manufacturer.Testingshallbeperformedonasamplelaminate
noncontinuous glass-fiber strands. This reinforcement shall be
orpipeofthesametypeandconstructionaswillbeusedonthe
applied as chopped strand mat or as chopped roving (spray up
actual pipe and fittings. The thickness of the laminate sample
process) (either in accordance with 4.2.2) resulting in a
2 2
will be ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) or the maximum thickness to be
minimum reinforcement weight of 1 ⁄2 oz/ft (459 g/m ). The
providedinthepipeandfittings,whicheverisless.Iftestingin combinedthicknessoftheinnersurfaceandinteriorlayershall
accordance with 10.6, testing is required in both directions if
not be less than 0.05 in. Depending on the chemical environ-
2 2
thereinforcementisnotappliedequallyinbothdirections.The ment, multiple 1 ⁄2 oz/ft (459 g/m ) layers of chopped strand
laminate sample shall not include a corrosion barrier. Lami-
applied as mat or spray up may be required. Two layers are
nates greater than ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) thick are to be constructed most commonly used with as many as four or five layers
with standard repeating sequences of reinforcement such as
occasionally used in severe environments. When multiple
thosedescribedinSpecificationC582.Resultsfrompreviously layersareused,eachplyofmatorpassofchoppedrovingshall
tested laminates may be used provided that such laminates be well rolled to eliminate all trapped air prior to the applica-
were manufactured with the same resin, laminate type, and tion of additional reinforcement. Glass content of the inner
surface and the interior layer combined shall be 27 65%by
thickness within the previous five years.
weight, when tested in accordance with 10.4.
2 2
NOTE 9—Reinforcementssuchas24oz/yd (832g/m )producedwitha
6.1.2 Structural Layer—Subsequent reinforcement shall be
5 by 4 weave are considered equal in both directions for the purpose of
Type I orType II or “other” as described below.Types I and II
5.1.2.
are described in further detail including laminate sequences
5.2 Wall Thickness—The required wall thickness due to
and thicknesses in Specification C582.
internalpressureshallbedeterminedbythefollowingformula.
6.1.2.1 Type I laminates consist of multiple layers of 1.5
Other loads such as thermal expansion and bending between 2 2
oz/ft (0.46 kg/m ) chopped strand mat or equivalent weight of
supports should also be considered. The minimum wall thick-
chopped roving as required to achieve the thickness as calcu-
nessshallbethegreaterof0.18in.(4.5mm)or1%ofthepipe
lated according to Section 5. Each successive ply or pass of
inside diameter.
reinforcement shall be well-rolled prior to the application of
~P*ID!
additional reinforcement. The exterior surface shall be rela-
t 5
~2* S– P!
tively smooth with no exposed fibers or sharp projections and
enough resin shall be present to prevent fiber show.
where:
6.1.2.2 Type II laminates consist of multiple layers of 1.5
t = calculated wall thickness, in. (mm) (see 6.1.2.3),
2 2
oz/ft (0.46 kg/m ) chopped strand mat or equivalent weight of
P = design pressure, psi (kPa),
2 2
chopped roving alternating with layers of 24 oz/yd (814 g/m )
ID = inside diameter of the pipe, in. (mm),
1 woven or non-woven roving as required to achieve the thick-
S = allowablestress(nottoexceed ⁄6ofthedesignbasis),
ness as calculated according to Section 5. Each successive ply
psi (kPa).
or pass of reinforcement shall be well-rolled prior to the
5.3 Standard pressure classes
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.