ASTM D765-87(2020)

Standard Specification for Raw and Burnt Sienna Pigments

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the properties and requirements for the pigments commercially known as raw sienna and burnt sienna in the dry and paste in oil forms. The dry pigments shall be sampled and tested as appropriate, and conform accordingly to composition requirements as to iron oxide, calcium compounds, moisture and other volatile matter, coarse particles (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve), and organic colors. The pigments in paste in oil form shall conversely be tested and conform to composition requirements as to pigment, nonvolatile vehicle, moisture by distillation, and coarse particles (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Both forms shall adhere to specified mass color, tint character, and tinting strength requirements as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as raw sienna and burnt sienna.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2020
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D765-87(2014) - Standard Specification for Raw and Burnt Sienna Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1208-96(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2019
• Refers: ASTM D1208-96(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D280-01(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D50-90(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manganese
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Refers: ASTM D387-00(2008) - Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Refers: ASTM D185-07 - Standard Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Refers: ASTM D1208-96(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2007
• Refers: ASTM D280-01(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Refers: ASTM D50-90(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manganese
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Refers: ASTM D280-81(1995) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D280-01 - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D387-00 - Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Refers: ASTM D185-84(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments, Pastes, and Paints
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Refers: ASTM D50-90(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manganese
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999

Overview

ASTM D765-87(2020) - Standard Specification for Raw and Burnt Sienna Pigments establishes the essential properties and requirements for raw sienna and burnt sienna pigments, applicable in both dry and paste in oil forms. Developed by ASTM International, this specification ensures pigments meet rigorous standards for composition, quality, and consistency in industrial and artistic applications. It covers sampling, testing methods, and compositional parameters that support manufacturers, purchasers, and quality controllers in the pigment and coatings industries.

Key Topics

• Types of Pigments: Covers both raw sienna, a hydrated iron oxide pigment with a siliceous base, and burnt sienna, produced by calcining raw sienna.
• Forms Covered: Specifies requirements for both dry pigments and those prepared as paste in oil, typically with linseed oil and possible small additives for consistency.
• Composition Requirements:
  • Iron oxide content: Minimum of 38% for raw sienna and 40% for burnt sienna
  • Calcium compounds: Maximum 5%
  • Moisture and volatile matter: Maximum 4%
  • Coarse particles (residue on No. 325 sieve): Maximum 2%
  • Organic colors: Not permitted
• Quality and Performance:
  • Defines requirements for mass color, tint character, and tinting strength to ensure product consistency
  • Paste in oil must have at least 60% pigment and 80% nonvolatile vehicle by weight, with no more than 2% moisture
• Sampling and Testing:
  • Sampling from batches is outlined to guarantee representative testing
  • Utilizes referenced ASTM test methods (such as D50, D185, D280, D387, D1208) for measuring composition, color strength, and particle size

Applications

• Paints and Coatings: Raw and burnt sienna pigments are widely used as colorants in architectural paints, industrial coatings, and artist paints, valued for their earthy red-brown hues and stable performance.
• Art Materials: Ensures consistency and purity for use in oil paints and watercolors, critical for professional and fine arts applications.
• Industrial Coloring: Used across ceramics, plastics, and construction materials where reliable pigment quality is vital.
• Quality Control: Offers a reliable benchmark for pigment manufacturers and importers, streamlining product acceptance criteria and enhancing supply chain transparency.

Implementing ASTM D765-87(2020) helps users achieve product reliability, reproducibility, and compliance with international trade practices, supporting both performance and regulatory needs.

Related Standards

• ASTM D50 - Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manganese
• ASTM D185 - Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
• ASTM D280 - Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• ASTM D387 - Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
• ASTM D1208 - Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments

These standards support and complement ASTM D765-87(2020), ensuring a robust framework for pigment quality assessment and standardization.

Keywords: ASTM D765, sienna pigments, raw sienna, burnt sienna, pigment specification, iron oxide pigments, pigment testing, pigment quality standards, artist pigments, industrial pigments.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D765 −87 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Raw and Burnt Sienna Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 PasteinOil—Forbothrawandburntsienna,thepastein
oil shall be made by thoroughly grinding the pigment with
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially
linseed oil (with or without a small amount of volatile thinner)
known as raw sienna and burnt sienna.
together with (where necessary) small amounts of wetting or
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
dispersing agents to produce a paste or semipaste of satisfac-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tory consistency. As received, it shall not be caked in the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
container and shall break up readily in linseed oil to form a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
smooth paint of brushing consistency. It shall mix readily in all
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
proportions, without curdling, with linseed oil, turpentine, or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
volatile petroleum spirits, or any mixture of these substances.
The paste shall conform to the following requirements:
2. Referenced Documents
Pigment, min, % 60
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Nonvolatile vehicle, min, of vehicle 80
Moisture by distillation, max, % 2.0
D50 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis ofYellow, Orange,
Coarse particles and skins (total residue retained on a No. 325 (45-µm) 1.0
Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manga-
sieve), max, % of dry pigment
nese
3.3 The mass color and character of the tint and the tinting
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
strength formed by a mixture with a white pigment shall be
D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other
within mutually agreed upon limits of a standard acceptable to
Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
both the purchaser and the seller.
D387 Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic
Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
4. Sampling
D1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain
Pigments
4.1 Two samples shall be taken at random from different
packages from each lot, batch, day’s pack, or other unit of
3. Composition and Properties
production in a shipment. When no markings distinguishing
3.1 Dry Pigments—The pigments shall conform to the
between units of production appear, samples shall be taken
following requirements:
from different packages in the ratio of two samples for each 5
3.1.1 Raw Sienna—The pigment shall be in a soft, dry form
tons (inch-pound or SI), except that for shipments of less than
and shall be a hydrated oxide of iron permeating a siliceous
10 000 lb two samples shall be taken. At the option of the
base. The pigment shall conform to the requirements for
purchaser, the samples may be tested separately or after
composition prescribed in Table 1.
blending in equal quantities the samples from the same
3.
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