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ASTM D2913-96(2001)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere

Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere

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1.1 This test method covers measurement of the concentration of mercaptans (organic thiols) in the atmosphere at concentrations below 100 parts per billion (ppb(v) = 195 µg/m3). For concentrations above 100 ppb(v) level, the sampling period can be reduced or the liquid volume increased either before or after aspirating. The minimum detectable amount of methyl mercaptan is 0.04 µg/mL (1) in a final liquid volume of 25 mL. When sampling air at the maximum recommended rate of 2 L/min for 2 h, the minimum detectable mercaptan concentration is 1.0 ppb(v) (1.95 µg methyl mercaptan/m 3 at 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) and 25oC). This test method determines total mercaptans and does not differentiate among individual mercaptans, although it is most sensitive to the lower molecular weight alkanethiols.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.7, 8.8, and Section 9.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2913-96 - Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D2913-96(2007) - Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4844-16 - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D2913-96(2001)e1 - Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D2913–96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Footnotes 8 and 9 were deleted editorially in March 2001.
1. Scope D 1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
Atmosphere
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the concentra-
D 1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating
tion of mercaptans (organic thiols) in the atmosphere at
to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
concentrations below 100 parts per billion (ppb(v) = 195
D 2914 Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the
µg/m ). For concentrations above 100 ppb(v) level, the sam-
Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
pling period can be reduced or the liquid volume increased
D 3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
either before or after aspirating. The minimum detectable
2 D 3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-
amountofmethylmercaptanis0.04µg/mL(1) inafinalliquid
dures
volume of 25 mL. When sampling air at the maximum
D 3609 Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Perme-
recommended rate of 2 L/min for 2 h, the minimum detectable
ation Tubes
mercaptan concentration is 1.0 ppb(v) (1.95 µg methyl
D 3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric
mercaptan/m at 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) and 25°C). This test
Pressure
method determines total mercaptans and does not differentiate
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
among individual mercaptans, although it is most sensitive to
the lower molecular weight alkanethiols.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
standard.
method, refer to Terminology D 1356.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This test method is intended for obtaining an integrated
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sample over a selected time span (such as 2 h) either manually
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
or in an automatic sequential sampler using 10 mL of absorp-
tionary statements are given in 8.7, 8.8, and Section 9.
tion liquid in a bubbler.
4.2 The absorption liquid is delivered to the laboratory for
2. Referenced Documents
3 colorimetric analysis by reaction between the collected mer-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
captan and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
5. Significance and Use
Atmospheres
5.1 Mercaptans are odorous substances offensive at low
concentrations and toxic at higher levels. They are emitted
from geothermal sources, industrial processes, and food pro-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
cessing facilities.
mittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally
6. Interferences
e1
published as D 2913 – 70 T. Last previous edition D 2913 – 87 (1991) .
6.1 The N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine reaction is also
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this test method.
suitable for the determination of other sulfur-containing com-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
pounds including hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl disulfide (2).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
The potential for interference from these latter compounds is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. especially important, since all of these compounds commonly
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
D2913–96 (2001)
coexist in certain industrial emissions.Appropriate selection of 7.1.7 Flow meter, having a range of 0 to 2.5 L/min.
the color formation conditions and measurements of absor- 7.1.8 Thermometers—ASTM Thermometer 33C, meeting
bance at the specified wavelength will eliminate the potential the requirements of SpecificationE1, will be suitable for most
interference from hydrogen sulfide. applications of this test method.
6.2 Hydrogen sulfide, if present in the sampled air, may 7.1.9 Barograph or Barometer—Capable of measuring at-
cause a turbidity in the sample absorbing solution. This mospheric pressure to 60.5 kPa (4 Torr), meeting the require-
precipitatemustbefilteredbeforeproceedingwiththeanalysis. ments of Test Methods D 3631.
One study showed that 100 µg of H S gave a mercaptan color 7.1.10 Stopwatch or timer, accurate to 61 s/24 h.
equivalent to 1.5 to 2.0 µg of mercaptan (3). Another study 7.1.11 The arrangements of the component parts of sam-
reported no absorption at 500 nm in the presence of 150 µg of pling is shown in Fig. 1a, Test Methods D 2914.
hydrogen sulfide (4, 5). 7.2 Calibration Apparatus—A means of generating dy-
6.3 Approximately equimolar response is obtained from the namic standard atmospheres using a permeation device. Dilu-
hydrolysis products of dimethyl disulfide, the molar extinction tion air and excess dilution flow must be filtered through
coefficient for the amine-mercaptan reaction product being activated charcoal to prevent recirculating small quantities of
4.4 3 10 , and the amine-dimethyl disulfide reaction product mercaptans. See Practice D 3609 for details.
being 5.16 3 10 (5). The interference due to dimethyl disul- 7.3 Colorimeter or Spectrophotometer, (at 500 nm)—Use
fide has been experimentally determined. Dimethyl disulfide 2.5- or 5.0-cm path length to obtain adequate sensitivity.
concentrations of 0.6 ppm(v) and 1.0 ppm(v) given an equiva-
8. Reagents and Materials
lent response as 0.4 ppm(v) and 0.8 ppm(v), respectively, of
methyl mercaptan.
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
6.4 Sulfur dioxide up to 250 µg does not influence the color usedinalltests.Allreagentsshallconformtothespecifications
developmentevenwhensamplingatestatmospherecontaining
of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American
300 ppm(v) of SO . Chemical Society, where such specifications are available.
6.5 Nitrogen dioxide does not interfere up to 700 µg of NO
Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that
when sampling a test atmosphere containing 6 ppm. Higher the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use
concentrations of NO caused a positive interference when
without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
mercaptans were present, but no interference in the absence of 8.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
mercaptans. Such elevated NO concentrations are unrealistic to water shall mean referee reagent water conforming to
and would not be encountered in the ambient air except in the Specification D 1193.
vicinity of an accidental spillage. 8.3 Solutions should be refrigerated when not in use.
6.6 The supply of mercuric acetate must be free of mercu- 8.4 Amine-HydrochloricAcid Solution, Stock—Dissolve5.0
rous ion. If mercurous ion is present, turbidity will result when gof N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine hydrochloride (p-
the chloride ion-containing reagents are added in the last step aminodimethylaniline hydrochloride) in 1 L of concentrated
of the analytical procedure. hydrochloric acid (HCL). Refrigerate and protect from light.
This solution is stable for at least 6 months.
7. Apparatus
8.5 Reissner Solution—Dissolve 67.6 g of ferric chloride
7.1 Sampling Apparatus: hexahydrate (FeCl ·6H O) in distilled water, dilute to 500 mL,
3 2
7.1.1 Absorber—Midget bubbler with coarse porosity frit. andmixwith500mLofnitricacid(HNO )solutioncontaining
7.1.2 Air Sample Probe—TFE-fluorocarbon, polypropy- 72 mL of boiled concentrated nitric acid (sp gr 1.42). This
lene, or glass tube with a polypropylene or glass funnel at the solution is stable.
end. 8.6 Color-Developing Reagent—Mix 3 volumes of amine
7.1.3 Moisture Trap-Glass, or polypropylene tube with a solution and 1 volume of Reissner solution. Prepare this
two port closure. The entrance port of the closure is fitted with solution freshly for each set of determinations.
tubingthatextendstothebottomofthetrap.Theunitisloosely 8.7 Absorbing Solution—Dissolve 50 g of mercuric acetate
packed with 16-mesh activated charcoal to prevent moisture Hg (CH COO) in 400 mLof distilled water and add 25 mLof
3 2
entrainment. The charcoal should be changed weekly. glacial acetic acid (CH COOH). Dilute to 1 L. The mercuric
7.1.4 Filter—Membrane, of 0.8 to 2.0 µm porosity. acetate must be free of mercurous salts to prevent precipitation
7.1.5 Pump—Capableofmaintainingavacuumgreaterthan of mercurous chloride during color development. Reagent
70 kPA (0.7 atm) at the specified flowrate. grade mercuric acetate sometimes contains mercurous mer-
7.1.6 F
...

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1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.  
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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