ASTM D6859-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Level Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Standard Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Level Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pile thickness of finished level pile yarn floor covering using a thickness measuring instrument having a stationary surface (platen), a circular pressure foot under specified force, and capable of being moved vertically above the platen.
1.2 This test method is applicable only to finished level loop and cut pile constructions with tuft heights less than 6 mm (0.25 in.).
Note 1—Determination of pile thickness of finished level pile yarn floor coverings was previously contained within Test Methods D 418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdivided Test Methods D 418 into separate standards of which this test method is one.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6859–03
Standard Test Method for
Pile Thickness of Finished Level Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms relating to pile yarn
floor coverings, refer to Terminology D 5684.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pile
3.1.1.1 For discussion of terminology specific to this stan-
thickness of finished level pile yarn floor covering using a
dard, see Annex A1.
thickness measuring instrument having a stationary surface
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
(platen), a circular pressure foot under specified force, and
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
capable of being moved vertically above the platen.
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicableonlytofinishedlevelloop
4. Summary of Test Method
and cut pile constructions with tuft heights less than 6 mm
4.1 The total thickness of an unsheared strip specimen is
(0.25 in.).
measured as the distance between two parallel plates exerting
NOTE 1—Determination of pile thickness of finished level pile yarn
a specified pressure on the test specimen. The pile yarn of the
floor coverings was previously contained within Test Methods D 418. For
strip specimen is sheared down to a stubble. The backing
user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdivided Test Methods D 418
thickness of the sheared strip specimen is measured as the
into separate standards of which this test method is one.
distance between two parallel plates exerting a different speci-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fied pressure on the sheared strip specimen. The difference
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
between the two measurements is the pile thickness.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The determination of pile thickness of level pile yarn
floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during the
2. Referenced Documents
manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearance and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
performance may be affected by changes in pile thickness of
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
pile yarn floor coverings. This test method is considered
D 418 Test Methods of Testing Pile Yarn Floor Covering
satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments
Construction
because current estimates of between laboratory precision are
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
acceptable, and this test method is commonly used in the trade
D 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
for acceptance testing.
D 5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Cover-
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between
ings
reported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate the
tive tests should be performed to determine if there is a
Average Quality of a Lot Process
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such comparative
3. Terminology
tests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same
3.1 Definitions:
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
1 to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Yarn Floor
Coverings.
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
Current edition approved Feb 10, 2003. Published May 2003.
series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
Discontinued, see 1997 Annual Book of ASTM StandardsVol 07.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6859–03
6. Sampling Units and Test Specimens (0.001 in.) and capable of developing and indicating a force up
to 2.77 n (0.6 lbf) between the presser foot and the plate.
6.1 Sampling Units:
6.1.1 Coated Floor Covering—The basic sampling unit of
8. Conditioning
coated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number of
8.1 Condition the test sample or test specimens in the
shipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges from
standardatmospherefortestingtextiles,thatis21 61°C(70 6
one to over ten.
2°F) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, 12 h or until the mass
6.2 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in Practice
changes no more than 0.1 % in2has directed in Practice
E 122whenstatisticalknowledgeoftheproductvariabilityand
D 1776.
test method precision is available, and a decision has been
made on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated between
9. Procedure
the estimate to be made from the sample and the result that
9.1 Total Thickness:
wouldbeobtainedbymeasuringeverysamplingunitofthelot.
9.1.1 Select the number and location of the test specimens
Otherwisethenumberofsamplingunitsinalotsampleandthe
as directed in Section 6. Prepare the test specimens according
use of the test results obtained from the individual test samples
to the procedures listed in Section 8. The test specimens shall
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s quality control
be250 63mm(10.0 60.1in.)inthelengthwisedirectionand
program or with the specification agreed upon between the
320 6 3 mm (12.5 6 0.1 in.) in the widthwise direction. The
purchaser and supplier.
test specimens may be prepared according to the examples in
6.3 Laboratory Sampling Unit—Alaboratory sampling unit
Appendix X1.
shall consist of a full width section of floor covering cut from
9.1.2 Select a strip specimen from each of the test speci-
one end of each roll in the lot sample and shall be at least 100
mens. The strip specimens shall be 250 6 3 mm (10.0 6 0.1
mm (4 in.) longer than the specimens required for the tests
in.) in the lengthwise direction and 64 6 3 mm (2.5 6 0.1 in.)
being conducted. Do not cut a laboratory sampling unit of
in the widthwise direction and shall be conditioned as directed
coated floor covering from a seam end of a production roll.
in Section 8.
6.4 Test Specimens:
9.1.3 Attach the 57.15 mm (2.250 in.) diameter presser foot
6.4.1 A test specimen is a designated area cut from a
loosely to the moveable stem or head of the instrument and
laboratory sampling unit. For laboratory sampling units 3000
bring the diameter presser foot into firm contact with the plate.
mm (120 in.) wide or wider, three test specimens are required
Tighten the presser foot on the stem.
for a test method, one at each edge no nearer to the edge than
9.1.4 Checktheinstrumentzerobyloweringthepresserfoot
5 % of the total floor covering width and one in the middle
intocontactwiththeplateuntiltheindicatedpressureincreases
portion of laboratory sampling unit. For laboratory sampling
to the pressure to be used in measuring the indicated distance
units at least 1500 mm (60 in.) wide but less than 3000 mm
between the foot and the plate, which must read 0 6 0.03 mm
(120 in.), take two test specimens, one at each edge no nearer
(6 0.001 in.). If the reading is not within this range, make an
to the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering width. For
adjustment appropriate to the type of instrument being used.
laboratory sampling units less than 1500 mm (120 in.) wide,
Verify the instrument with calibrated thickness blocks.
take one test specimen from the middle.
9.1.5 For each strip specimen, raise the presser foot and
6.4.2 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floor
center the specimen, pile face up, on the plate under the foot.
covering characteristic may occur in bands 460 mm (18 in.) or
Lowerthepresserfootslowly(takeabout5stoapplyfullload)
more in width, as with a modular pattern device having
onto the pile surface until a pressure of 689 6 21 Pa (0.100 6
separate controls or adjustments for each module, take test
0.003 psi) is exerted on the specimen. Read the distance
specimens from the middle of each band.
between the presser foot and the plate to the nearest 0.03 mm
6.4.3 When a full-width laboratory sampling unit is not
(0.001in.),determinethetotalthicknessinthreedifferentareas
available,taketestspecimensasdirectedin6.4,andstateinthe
for each strip specimen and record the average as the total
report the width available and the number of test specimens
thickness, T.
taken.
9.1.6 Shear the pile on the strip specimen down to a stubble
measuring approximately 1.3 mm (0.05 in.).
7. Apparatus
NOTE 2—Both adhesive projections and a fiber layer needle punched to
7.1 Shear or Clipper, capable of shearing close enough to
the surface of the backing can interfere with shearing the pile down to a
the backing to leave a stubble of no more than 1.3 mm (0.05
stubble of 1.3 mm (0.05 in.).Therefore, a seven and one half fold increase
in pressure in measuring the thickness of the stubble specimen is used to
in.).
level out minor variations in stubble height.
7.2 Thickness Measuring Instrument:
7.2.1 Having a stationary surface (plate) on which to place
9.2 Backing Thickness:
the specimen, and a presser foot capable of being moved 9.2.1 Attach the 25.40 mm (1.000 in.) diameter presser foot
vertically above the plate, at least 25 mm (1 in.) from the plate.
loosely to the stem and bring the presser foot into firm contact
7.2.2 Having two interchangeable presser feet; one 25.40 6 with the plate. Tighten the presser foot on the stem. Check the
0.03mm(1.000 60.001in.)diameter,theother57.15 60.003
instrument zero as directed in 9.1.4.
mm (2.250 6 0.001 in.) in diameter. 9.2.2 For each stubble specimen, raise the presser foot and
7.2.3 Having means for indicating the vertical distance center the specimen, stubble side up, on the plate. Lower the
between the presser foot and the plate to the nearest 0.03 mm presser foot onto the stubble surface until a pressure of 5170 6
D6859–03
69 Pa (0.75 6 0.01 psi) is exerted on the stubble specimen. in Tables 1 and 2 for the respective number of tests in 95 out
Read the distance between the presser foot and the plate to the of 100 cases when all the observations are taken by the same
nearest 0.03 mm (0.01 in.), determine the backing thickness in well-trained operator using the same piece of equipment and
three different areas for of each strip specimen and record the specimens randomly drawn from the sample of material.
average as the backing thickness, B. Larger differences are likely to occur under all other circum-
stances.
10. Calculation
12.2 Interlaboratory Test Data—Aninterlaboratorytestwas
run in 2000 in which randomly drawn samples of four
10.1 A test result is the average of the measurements made
materials were tested in each of five laboratories. One operator
on a set of test specimens described in 6.4. In this method,
in each laboratory each tested two specimens of each material
directions are given only for obtaining a test result from one
using Test Method D 6859. One of the two specimens was
test specimen. The value representative of the lot being
sampled will be the average of the test results from each tested on one day and one specimen was tested on a second
day. Analysis of the data was conducted using standard
laboratory sampling unit.
10.2 For each strip specimen calculate the pile thickness statistical practice. The components of variance for Pile Thick-
ness expressed as standard deviations were calculated to the
using Eq 1.
values listed in Table 1. The material; types were:
P 5 T 2 B (1)
Material A: 1/10 Gauge Level Loop
Material B: 1/10 Gauge Level Loop
where:
Material C: 1/10 Gauge Cut Pile
P = pile thickness, mm (in.),
Material D: 1/10 Gauge Cut Pile Graphics
T = average total thickness, mm (in.), and
12.3 Precision—For the components of variance reported in
B = average backing thickness, mm (in.).
Table 1, two averages of observed values should be considered
10.2.1 Calculate the average values of pile thickness and
significantly different at the 95 % probability level if the
totalthicknessfromaveragevaluesobtainedonindividualstrip
difference equals the critical difference listed inTables 2 and 3.
specimenstothenearest0.03mm(0.01in.)foreachlaboratory
There were sufficient differences related to the material type
sampling unit.
and structure to warrant listing the components of variance and
10.3 Calculate the average values of pile thickness and total
the critical differences separately.
thickness for the lot from average values obtained from all
laboratory sampling units in the lot to the nearest 0.3 mm (0.01
NOTE 3—The tabulated values of the critical differences should be
in.).
considered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-
laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement can be made about
11. Report
two specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any, between
them must be established, with each comparison being based on recent
11.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in Test
data obtained on specimens taken from a lot of material to the type being
Method D 6859 for determining the pile thickness of level pile
evaluated so as to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and then
yarn floor covering. Describe the material or product sampled
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.
and the method of sampling used.
12.4 Bias—The value of pile thickness can only be defined
11.2 Report the average pile thickness and when required,
in terms of a test method. Within this limitation, Test Method
total thickness, for each laboratory sampling unit and for the
D 6859 has no known bias.
lot.
13. Keywords
12. Precision and Bias
13.1 carpet; pile height; pile thickness; pile yarn floor
12.1 Summary—In comparing two averages, the differences
covering; tuft height
should not exceed the single-operator precision values shown
TABLE 2 Critical Differences for Two Averages for the
Conditions Noted, 95% Probability Level, Pile Thickness in
TABLE 1 Components of Variance Expressed as Standard
A
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