ASTM D7284-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and surface waters.3
5.2 This test method is applicable for natural waters, industrial wastewaters and effluents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the concentration of total cyanide in an aqueous wastewater or effluent. This test method detects the cyanides that are free (HCN and CN–) and strong-metal-cyanide complexes that dissociate and release free cyanide when refluxed under strongly acidic conditions.
1.2 This test method may not be applicable to process solutions from precious metals mining operations.
1.3 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 2 to 500 μg/L (parts per billion) total cyanide. Higher concentrations can be measured with sample dilution or lower injection volume.
1.4 The determinative step of this test method utilizes flow injection with amperometric detection based on Test Method D6888. Prior to analysis, samples must be distilled with a micro-distillation apparatus described in this test method or with a suitable cyanide distillation apparatus specified in Test Methods D2036.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7284 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by
Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and
1
Amperometric Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method is used to determine the concentration 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of total cyanide in an aqueous wastewater or effluent. This test D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
–
method detects the cyanides that are free (HCN and CN ) and D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
strong-metal-cyanide complexes that dissociate and release D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
free cyanide when refluxed under strongly acidic conditions. D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
1.2 This test method may not be applicable to process
D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
solutions from precious metals mining operations.
Engaged in Analysis of Water
1.3 This procedure is applicable over a range of approxi-
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
mately 2 to 500 µg/L (parts per billion) total cyanide. Higher
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
concentrations can be measured with sample dilution or lower
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
injection volume.
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanides with Ligand
Displacement and Flow InjectionAnalysis (FIA) Utilizing
1.4 The determinative step of this test method utilizes flow
injection with amperometric detection based on Test Method Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
D7365 Practice for Sampling, Preservation and Mitigating
D6888. Prior to analysis, samples must be distilled with a
micro-distillation apparatus described in this test method or Interferences in Water Samples for Analysis of Cyanide
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
with a suitable cyanide distillation apparatus specified in Test
Methods D2036. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology D1129 and Guide D6696.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 total cyanide, n—total cyanide is an analytically de-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
fined term that refers to the sum total of all of the inorganic
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
chemical forms of cyanide that dissociate and release free
Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.
cyanide when refluxed under strongly acidic conditions.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Total cyanide is determined analyti-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cally through strong acid distillation or UV radiation followed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
by analysis of liberated free cyanide on aqueous samples
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
preservedwithNaOH(pH~12).Inwater,totalcyanideincludes
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the following dissolved species: free cyanide, weak acid
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
dissociable metal cyanide complexes and strong metal cyanide
complexes.Also, some of the strong metal cyanide complexes,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.06onMethodsforAnalysisfor
2
Organic Substances in Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7284 – 13 (2017). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7284-20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7284 − 13 (Reapproved 2017) D7284 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by
Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and
1
Amperometric Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to determine the concentration of total cyanide in an aqueous wastewater or effluent. This test
–
method detects the cyanides that are free (HCN and CN ) and strong-metal-cyanide complexes that dissociate and release free
cyanide when refluxed under strongly acidic conditions.
1.2 This test method may not be applicable to process solutions from precious metals mining operations.
1.3 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 2 to 500 μg/L (parts per billion) total cyanide. Higher
concentrations can be measured with sample dilution or lower injection volume.
1.4 The determinative step of this test method utilizes flow injection with amperometric detection based on Test Method D6888.
Prior to analysis, samples must be distilled with a micro-distillation apparatus described in this test method or with a suitable
cyanide distillation apparatus specified in Test Methods D2036.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of Water
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanides with Ligand Displacement and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas
Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
D7365 Practice for Sampling, Preservation and Mitigating Interferences in Water Samples for Analysis of Cyanide
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for
Organic Substances in Water.
Current edition approved July 15, 2017Aug. 1, 2020. Published July 2017August 2020. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as D7284
– 13. 13 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D7284-13R17.10.1520/D7284-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7284 − 20
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129 and Guide D6696.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to T
...
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