Standard Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Effects of Air Change—Air change often accounts for a significant portion of the heating or air-conditioning load of a building. It also affects the moisture and contaminant balances in the building. Moisture-laden air passing through the building envelope can permit condensation and cause material degradation. An appropriate level of ventilation is required in all buildings; one should consult ASHRAE Standard 62 to determine the ventilation requirements of a building.  
5.2 Prediction of Air Change—Air change depends on the size and distribution of air leakage sites, pressure differences induced by wind and temperature, mechanical system operation, and occupant behavior. Air change may be calculated from this information, however, many of the needed parameters are difficult to determine. Tracer gas testing permits direct measurement of air change.  
5.3 Utility of Measurement—Measurements of air change provide useful information about ventilation and air leakage. Measurements in buildings with the ventilation system closed are used to determine whether natural air leakage rates are higher than specified. Measurements with the ventilation system in operation are used to determine whether the air change meets or exceeds requirements.  
5.4 Known Conditions—Knowledge of the factors that affect air change makes measurement more meaningful. Relating building response to wind and temperature requires repetition of the test under varying meteorological conditions. Relating building response to the ventilation system or to occupant behavior requires controlled variation of these factors.  
5.5 Applicability of Results—The values for air change obtained by the techniques used in this test method apply to the specific conditions prevailing at the time of the measurement. Air change values for the same building will differ if the prevailing wind and temperature conditions have changed, if the operation of the building is different, or if the envelope changes between m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers techniques using tracer gas dilution for determining a single zone's air change with the outdoors, as induced by weather conditions and by mechanical ventilation. These techniques are: (1) concentration decay, (2) constant injection, and (3) constant concentration.  
1.2 This test method is restricted to any single tracer gas. The associated data analysis assumes that one can characterize the tracer gas concentration within the zone with a single value. The zone shall be a building, vehicle, test cell, or any conforming enclosure.  
1.3 Use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of gas analysis and instrumentation. Correct use of the formulas presented here requires consistent use of units, especially those of time.  
1.4 Determination of the contribution to air change by individual components of the zone enclosure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.5 The results from this test method pertain only to those conditions of weather and zonal operation that prevailed during the measurement. The use of the results from this test to predict air change under other conditions is beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of this test method.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommend...

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31-Aug-2017
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E741 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a
1
Tracer Gas Dilution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E741; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers techniques using tracer gas
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dilution for determining a single zone’s air change with the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
outdoors, as induced by weather conditions and by mechanical
ventilation. These techniques are: (1) concentration decay, (2)
2. Referenced Documents
constant injection, and (3) constant concentration.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method is restricted to any single tracer gas.
D4480 Test Method for Measuring Surface Wind by Means
The associated data analysis assumes that one can characterize
of Wind Vanes and Rotating Anemometers (Withdrawn
the tracer gas concentration within the zone with a single value.
3
1999)
The zone shall be a building, vehicle, test cell, or any
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
conforming enclosure.
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
1.3 Use of this test method requires a knowledge of the E779 Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan
principles of gas analysis and instrumentation. Correct use of
Pressurization
the formulas presented here requires consistent use of units, E1186 Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building
especially those of time.
Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems
4
2.2 ASHRAE Documents:
1.4 Determination of the contribution to air change by
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals Chapter 23
individual components of the zone enclosure is beyond the
ASHRAE Standard 62
scope of this test method.
1.5 The results from this test method pertain only to those
3. Terminology
conditions of weather and zonal operation that prevailed during
3.1 Definitions:
the measurement. The use of the results from this test to predict
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building
air change under other conditions is beyond the scope of this
construction used in this test method, refer to Terminology
test method.
E631.
1.6 The text of this test method references notes and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
3.2.1 air change flow, Q, n—the total volume of air passing
3
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
through the zone to and from the outdoors per unit time (m /s,
3 3
considered requirements of this test method.
m /h, ft /h).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 air change rate, A, n—the ratio of the total volume of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
air passing through the zone to and from the outdoors per unit
5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of time to the volume of the zone (1/s, 1/h).
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on www.astm.org.
4
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41 Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
on Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance. Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
5
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E741 – 11. DOI: A common way of expressing air change rate units is ACH = air changes per
10.1520/E0741-11R17. hour = 1 ⁄h.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E741 − 11 (2017)
3.2.3 envelope, n—the system of barriers between a condi-
i = pertaining to time or location.
tioned buil
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E741 − 11 E741 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a
1
Tracer Gas Dilution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E741; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers techniques using tracer gas dilution for determining a single zone’s air change with the outdoors,
as induced by weather conditions and by mechanical ventilation. These techniques are: (1) concentration decay, (2) constant
injection, and (3) constant concentration.
1.2 This test method is restricted to any single tracer gas. The associated data analysis assumes that one can characterize the
tracer gas concentration within the zone with a single value. The zone shall be a building, vehicle, test cell, or any conforming
enclosure.
1.3 Use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of gas analysis and instrumentation. Correct use of the
formulas presented here requires consistent use of units, especially those of time.
1.4 Determination of the contribution to air change by individual components of the zone enclosure is beyond the scope of this
test method.
1.5 The results from this test method pertain only to those conditions of weather and zonal operation that prevailed during the
measurement. The use of the results from this test to predict air change under other conditions is beyond the scope of this test
method.
1.6 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of this test method.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D4480 Test Method for Measuring Surface Wind by Means of Wind Vanes and Rotating Anemometers (Withdrawn 1999)
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E779 Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
E1186 Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems
4
2.2 ASHRAE Documents:
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals Chapter 23
ASHRAE Standard 62
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41 on Air Leakage
and Ventilation Performance.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2011September 2017. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20062011
ε1
as E741 – 00 (2006)E741 – 11. . DOI: 10.1520/E0741-11.10.1520/E0741-11R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329,
http://www.ashrae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E741 − 11 (2017)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this test method, refer to Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3 3
3.2.1 air change flow, Q, n—the total volume of air passing through the zone to and from the outdoors per unit time (m /s, m /h,
3
ft /h).
3.2.2
...

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