ASTM D1816-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid is of importance as a measure of the liquid's ability to withstand electric stress without failure. The dielectric breakdown voltage serves to indicate the presence of contaminating agents such as water, dirt, cellulosic fibers, or conducting particles in the liquid, one or more of which may be present in significant concentrations when low breakdown voltages are obtained. However, a high dielectric breakdown voltage does not necessarily indicate the absence of all contaminants; it may merely indicate that the concentrations of contaminants that are present in the liquid between the electrodes are not large enough to deleteriously affect the average breakdown voltage of the liquid when tested by this test method (see Appendix X1.)
3.2 This test method is used in laboratory or field tests. For field breakdown results to be comparable to laboratory results, all criteria including room temperature (20 to 30°C) must be met.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating liquids (oils of petroleum origin, silicone fluids, high fire-point mineral electrical insulating oils, synthetic ester fluids and natural ester fluids). This test method is applicable to insulating liquids commonly used in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and similar apparatus as an insulating and cooling medium. Refer to Terminology D2864 for definitions used in this test method.
1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects of moisture in solution especially when cellulosic fibers are present in the liquid. It has been found to be especially useful in diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectric breakdown strength of insulating liquid in insulating systems.2
1.3 This test method is used to judge if the VDE electrode breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids. This test method should be used as recommended by professional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectric breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Method D2225 and Specification D4652, provided that the discharge energy into the sample is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five consecutive breakdowns.
1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units are acceptable.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1816 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using
1
VDE Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1816; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielec-
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
tric breakdown voltage of insulating liquids (oils of petroleum
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
origin, silicone fluids, high fire-point mineral electrical insu-
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
lating oils, synthetic ester fluids and natural ester fluids). This
D2225 Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical
test method is applicable to insulating liquids commonly used
Insulation
in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and similar appa-
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
ratus as an insulating and cooling medium. Refer to Terminol-
uids and Gases
ogy D2864 for definitions used in this test method.
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects of Electrical Apparatus
D4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical
moisture in solution especially when cellulosic fibers are
Insulation
present in the liquid. It has been found to be especially useful
D6871 Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids
in diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectric
2
Used in Electrical Apparatus
breakdown strength of insulating liquid in insulating systems.
2.2 IEEE Standard:
1.3 This test method is used to judge if the VDE electrode
Standard 4 IEEE Standard Techniques for High Voltage
4
breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids.
Testing
This test method should be used as recommended by profes-
C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulat-
4
sional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
ing Oil in Equipment
1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectric
3. Significance and Use
breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Method D2225
3.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid
and Specification D4652, provided that the discharge energy
is of importance as a measure of the liquid’s ability to
into the sample is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown
withstand electric stress without failure. The dielectric break-
for five consecutive breakdowns.
down voltage serves to indicate the presence of contaminating
1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units are
agents such as water, dirt, cellulosic fibers, or conducting
acceptable.
particles in the liquid, one or more of which may be present in
significant concentrations when low breakdown voltages are
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
obtained. However, a high dielectric breakdown voltage does
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
not necessarily indicate the absence of all contaminants; it may
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
merelyindicatethattheconcentrationsofcontaminantsthatare
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
present in the liquid between the electrodes are not large
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
enough to deleteriously affect the average breakdown voltage
of the liquid when tested by this test method (see Appendix
X1.)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1960 as D1816 – 60 T. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D1816 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/D1816-12. the ASTM website.
2 4
Supporting data is available fromASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D27-1006. Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc., PO
Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1816 − 12
3.2 This test method is used in laboratory or field tests. Fo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1816 − 04 D1816 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of
1
Petroleum Origin Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1816; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating oils of petroleum origin. liquids
(oils of petroleum origin, silicone fluids, high fire-point mineral electrical insulating oils, synthetic ester fluids and natural ester
fluids). This test method is applicable to liquid petroleum oils insulating liquids commonly used in cables, transformers, oil circuit
breakers, and similar apparatus as an insulating and cooling medium. The suitability of this test method for testing oils having
viscosity of more than 19 cSt, (100SUS) at 40°C (104°F) has not been determined. Refer to Terminology D2864 for definitions
used in this test method.
1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects of moisture in solution especially when cellulosic fibers are present
in the oil.liquid. It has been found to be especially useful in diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectric breakdown
2
strength of oil insulating liquid in insulating systems.
1.3 This test method is used to judge if the VDE electrode breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids. This
test method should be used as recommended by professional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectric breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Method D2225 and
Specification D4652, provided that the discharge energy into the sample is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five
consecutive breakdowns.
1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units are acceptable.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
D2225 Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
D4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
D6871 Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
2.2 IEEE Standard:
4
Standard 4 IEEE Standard Techniques for High Voltage Testing
4
C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.05
on Electrical Test.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004June 15, 2012. Published March 2004 July 2012. Originally approved in 1960 as D1816 – 60 T. Last previous edition approved in
20032004 as D1816 – 03.D1816 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/D1816-04.10.1520/D1816-12.
2
Supporting data is available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D27-1006.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc., PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1816 − 12
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid is of importance as a measure of the liquid’s ability to withstand
electric stress without failure. The dielectric breakdown voltage serves to indicate the presence of contaminating agents such as
water, dirt, cellulosic fibers, or conducti
...
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