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ASTM D4215-07(2013)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures

Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-mixed, cold-laid and recycled cold-mixed, cold-laid bituminous paving mixtures for base, binder, leveling, and surface courses. The following shall conform to the specified requirements: coarse and fine aggregates, mineral filler, bitumen, and composition of bituminous paving mixtures. The equipment for mixing shall be one of the following: central plant, travel plant, and grand or drag. The mixing operations are detailed and includes: (1) aggregate storage, (2) old bituminous pavement, (3) preparation of bitumen, (4) preparation and handling of mineral aggregates, (5) preparation and handling of bitumen aggregates for recycling, (6) preparation of mixture, and (7) mixing plant inspection. The tests methods that shall be used to determine the properties are sieve analysis of aggregates, sieve analysis of mineral filler, determination of bitumen content, specific gravity of coarse aggregate, specific gravity of coarse aggregate, plasticity index, and percentage of coated particles.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-mixed, cold-laid and recycled cold-mixed, cold-laid bituminous paving mixtures for base, binder, leveling, and surface courses.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2013
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.27 - Cold Mix Asphalts
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D4215-07(2013) - Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving MixturesASTM D4215-07(2013) - Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures
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ASTM D4215-07(2013) - Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4215 −07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Specification for
Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen
From Bituminous Paving Mixtures
1.1 This specification covers cold-mixed, cold-laid and
D2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
recycled cold-mixed, cold-laid bituminous paving mixtures for
D2399 Practice for Selection of Cutback Asphalts
base, binder, leveling, and surface courses.
D2489 Practice for Estimating Degree of Particle Coating of
2. Referenced Documents
Bituminous-Aggregate Mixtures
D3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Paving Mixtures (Withdrawn 2009)
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
D3628 PracticeforSelectionandUseofEmulsifiedAsphalts
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Plasticity Index of Soils
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Ventilation Ovens
Aggregates
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
3. Terminology
ments
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D8.
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cold-mixed, cold-laid bituminous paving mixtures—
D242 Specification for Mineral Filler For Bituminous Pav-
ing Mixtures mixtures of coarse and fine aggregates, or coarse or fine
aggregate alone, with or without mineral filler, uniformly
D448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and
Bridge Construction mixed and laid at or near ambient temperature.
D546 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for
3.2.2 cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled bituminous paving
Bituminous Paving Mixtures
mixtures—mixtures of bitumen aggregate for recycling with
D692 Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous
additional mineral aggregate as necessary, with or without
Paving Mixtures
mineral filler, mixed at or near ambient temperatures with
D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
additional bitumen.
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
3.2.3 bitumen-aggregate for recycling—bituminous pave-
D1073 Specification for Fine Aggregate for Bituminous
ment or paving mixture removed from its original location and
Paving Mixtures
reduced by suitable means, after removal or in place, to such
D2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing
particle size as may be required for use in cold-mixed,
Type)
cold-laid recycled bituminous paving mixtures.
D2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing
Type) 4. Ordering Information
D2028 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing
4.1 Orders for cold bituminous paving mixtures under this
Type)
specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 Type of bitumen (emulsified asphalt, cutback asphalt),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
4.1.2 Grade of bitumen,
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.27 on
4.1.3 The composition of the bituminous paving mixture
Cold Mix Asphalts.
(dense mixture and mix designation; open mixture and mix
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4215 – 07. DOI:
designation; open graded friction course mixture and mix
10.1520/D4215-07R13.
designation),
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4215 − 07 (2013)
intended use, thickness of paving courses, and desired texture. The
4.1.4 The maximum percentage of bitumen aggregate for
required mix sbould be specified.
recycling permitted in the mixture, and
4.1.5 The percentage of crushed particles required in the
8.1.1 Compositions shown in Table number 1 of Specifica-
aggregate if different from that specified in 5.2. tion D3515 are based on the use of fine and coarse aggregates
having approximately the same bulk specific gravities; grading
5. Aggregates
of the total aggregate, therefore, would be the same on either a
weight or bulk volume basis. If the bulk specific gravities of
5.1 The aggregates shall be crushed stone, crushed slag,
crushed gravel, or sand conforming to the quality requirement coarse and fine aggregates differ greatly, it may be desirable to
change the grading limitations to compensate for these differ-
of the appropriate ASTM specifications as follows:
5.1.1 Coarse Aggregate—Specification D692. ences.
5.1.2 Fine Aggregate—Specification D1073.
8.2 A job mix formula shall be selected that comes within
the specification limits and that is suitable for the traffic,
NOTE 1—Other mineral aggregates, such as uncrushed gravel and
crushed shell, may be specified, provided that local experience or tests
climatic conditions, and specific gravities of the aggregates
have demonstrated their ability to produce satisfactory bituminous paving
used. Below the No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve size, the job-mix
mixtures.
formulagradingcurveshallbereasonablyparalleltothecurves
5.2 The aggregates for open-graded friction course mixture
of the grading limits as selected from Table number 1 of
described inTable number 2 of Specification D3515 shall meet
Specification D3515.
all the requirements of 5.1 with the added requirement that (1)
8.3 Any variation from the job-mix formula in the grading
the coarse particles, retained on the No. 4 sieve, be crushed so
of the aggregate, as shown by the sieve analyses of materials
that at least 90 weight percent have one or more fractured faces
(Note 5) or, any variation from the job-mix formula in the
and 75 weight percent have two or more fractured faces, and
bitumen content, as indicated by extraction tests of the finished
(2) the coarse aggregate, or if a blend is used, the coarsest
mixture (Note 6) greater than the tolerances shown in Table
fraction be of a type known to possess adequate resistance to
number3ofSpecificationD3515,shallbeinvestigated,andthe
the polishing action of the anticipated traffic.
conditions causing such variation shall be corrected (Note 7).
5.3 Recommended grading requirements for coarse and fine
NOTE 5—It is recognized that the extraction test is a generally accepted
aggregate may be selected from Classification D448 and
and approved method for determining the composition of a bituminous
Specification D1073, respectively. Other aggregate gradations
mixture. However, due to the relatively wide difference in the bitumen
may be used, provided that the combined coarse and fine
contentandaggregategradationsometimesfoundinindividualsamplesof
aggregates, and filler, when used, produce a mixture that mixture taken from the same lot, as shown by extraction tests, it is
recommended that the extraction test results on individual small samples
conforms to the requirements for grading of total aggregate as
be used as an indication of the mix composition, and not as the sole basis
described in Table number 1 of Spec
...

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5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass and for correcting measured volumes at the measured temperature to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid asphalt materials, asphalt binders, asphalt cements, and soft-tar pitches by use of a digital density meter (U-tube).
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, with the exception of temperature measurements. Units provided in degrees Fahrenheit are for reference purposes only. Temperatures given in degrees Celsius are to be considered standard.  
1.3 This test method should not be applied to petroleum distillates other than asphalt and asphalt binders. For the determination of density of all other petroleum distillates and viscous oils, use Test Method D4052 or D5002, or ISO 12185.  
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Standard Guide for the Use of Foundry Sand in Asphalt Mixtures

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ASTM D2171/D2171M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The viscosity at 60 °C [140 °F] characterizes flow behavior and may be used for specification requirements for cutback asphalt and asphalt binders.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of the apparent viscosity of asphalt binder by vacuum capillary viscometers at 60 °C [140 °F]. It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa·s [0.036 to over 200 000 P].  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60 °C [140 °F].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The apparent viscosity for non-Newtonian asphalt binders varies with shear rate. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined using this test method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions of this test can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes or with different pressure heads. The defined precision limits in Section 11 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders. Test Method D4957 may be a more applicable method for testing non-Newtonian asphalts.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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