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ASTM D244-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts

Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the amount of water present in the emulsified asphalt, as distinguished from either bitumen or petroleum solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests and practices:    
Test  
Sections  
Composition:  
Water Content  
4 – 10  
Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation  
See Test Method
D6997  
Residue by Evaporation  
See Test Method
D6934  
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts  
See Practice
D7402  
Consistency:  
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol)  
See Test Method
D7496  
Stability:  
Demulsibility  
See Test Method
D6936  
Settlement  
See Test Method
D6930  
Cement Mixing  
See Test Method
D6935  
Sieve Test  
See Test Method
D6933  
Aggregate Coating  
See Practice
D6998  
Miscibility with Water  
See Practice
D6999  
Freezing  
See Practice
D6929  
Coating Ability and Water Resistance  
11 – 18  
Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion  
See Test Method
D6930  
Examination of Residue  
19 – 26  
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified Asphalt  
27 – 34  
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions  
See Practice
D7402  
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts  
35 – 40  
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test  
41 – 46  
Density of Emulsified Asphalt  
See Test Method
D6937  
Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation  
See Test Method
D7403  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2023
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.42 - Emulsified Asphalt Test
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D244-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Refers
ASTM D86-23a - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D139-23 - Standard Test Method for Float Test for Asphalt Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D6936-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D140/D140M-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D86-23ae1 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D86-23 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-Mar-2023
Refers
ASTM D113-17 - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
Effective Date
15-Dec-2017
Refers
ASTM D6936-17 - Standard Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Refers
ASTM D140/D140M-16 - Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Referred By
ASTM D139-16 - Standard Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Referred By
ASTM D3666-16 - Standard Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Referred By
ASTM D5/D5M-20 - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Referred By
ASTM D977-20 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Referred By
ASTM D7944-22 - Standard Practice for Recovery of Emulsified Asphalt Residue Using a Vacuum Oven
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D244 − 23 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T59
Standard Test Methods and Practices for
1
Emulsified Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D244; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test 41 – 46
Density of Emulsified Asphalt See Test Method
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the
D6937
headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Ex- Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation See Test Method
D7403
amination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emul-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
sions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover
only.
the following tests and practices:
Test Sections
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Composition:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Water Content 4 – 10
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation See Test Method
D6997
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Residue by Evaporation See Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6934
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts See Practice
D7402
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Consistency:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol) See Test Method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D7496
Stability:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Demulsibility See Test Method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D6936
Settlement See Test Method
D6930
2. Referenced Documents
Cement Mixing See Test Method
2
D6935
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Sieve Test See Test Method
D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-
D6933
rials
Aggregate Coating See Practice
D6998
D70/D70M Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density of
Miscibility with Water See Practice
Semi-Solid Asphalt Binder (Pycnometer Method)
D6999
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
Freezing See Practice
D6929
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Coating Ability and Water Resistance 11 – 18
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion See Test Method
D128 Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
D6930
Examination of Residue 19 – 26
D139 Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsi- 27 – 34
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
fied Asphalt
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions See Practice
D7402
Trichloroethylene or Toluene
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts 35 – 40
D3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid
Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
1
These test methods and practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-
tee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D04.42 on Emulsified Asphalt Test. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D244 – 09 (2017). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D0244-23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D244 − 23
D6929 Practice for Evaluating the Effect of Freezing on D7402 Practice for Identifying Cationic Emulsified Asphalts
Emulsified Asphalts D7403 Test Method for Determination of Residue of Emul-
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of
sified Asphalt by Low Temperature Vacuum Distillation
Emulsified Asphalts
D7404 Test Method for Determination of Emulsified Asphalt
D6933 Test Method for Oversized
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D244 − 09 (Reapproved 2017) D244 − 23 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T59
Standard Test Methods and Practices for
1
Emulsified Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D244; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of
Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an
emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests and practices:
Test Sections
Composition:
Water Content 4 – 10
Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation See Test Method
D6997
Residue by Evaporation See Test Method
D6934
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts See Practice
D7402
Consistency:
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol) See Test Method
D7496
Stability:
Demulsibility See Test Method
D6936
Settlement See Test Method
D6930
Cement Mixing See Test Method
D6935
Sieve Test See Test Method
D6933
Aggregate Coating See Practice
D6998
Miscibility with Water See Practice
D6999
Freezing See Practice
D6929
Coating Ability and Water Resistance 11 – 18
Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion See Test Method
D6930
Examination of Residue 19 – 26
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsi- 27 – 34
fied Asphalt
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions See Practice
D7402
1
These test methods and practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D04.42 on Emulsified Asphalt Test.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2017October 2023. Originally approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 20092017 as
D244 – 09.D244 – 09 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D0244-09R17.10.1520/D0244-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D244 − 23
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts 35 – 40
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test 41 – 46
Density of Emulsified Asphalt See Test Method
D6937
Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation See Test Method
D7403
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
D5D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D70D70/D70M Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density of Semi-Solid Asphalt Binder (Pycnometer Method)
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
D128 Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
D139 Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
D140D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene or Toluene
D2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
D3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
D6929 Practice for Evaluating the Effect of Freezing on Emulsified Asphalts
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of Emulsified Asphalts
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified Asphalts (Sieve Test)
D6934 Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified Asphalt
D6935 Test Method for Determining C
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by direct measurement, of moisture or volatile fractions of the asphalt in asphalt mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2170/D2170M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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ASTM
ASTM D3289-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials is Test Method D70/D70M. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website—www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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