ASTM B558-79(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating
Standard Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating
ABSTRACT
This practice serves as a guide for the preparation of nickel alloy substrates that shall undergo electroplating processes involving adherent nickel electrodeposits. Surface cleaning may be done either by degreasing (including vapor degreasing, solvent wash, emulsion cleaning, or soak cleaning), or electrolytic alkaline cleaning. The choice of cleaning procedure to use shall be decided upon by the condition of the surface. Conversely, surface activation treatment shall be performed either by anodic-cathodic sulfuric acid treatment, acid-nickel chloride treatment, or anodic etching in a low pH watts bath. The choice of activation treatment to employ shall be determined by the condition of the surface and the specific type of nickel alloy involved.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide for producing adherent electrodeposits of nickel on nickel alloys. Only those methods that are well known and generally practiced are included. Methods that have been used successfully but not on a broad scale are not included. Once nickel is applied, other metals may be electroplated on the product.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B558 − 79 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B558; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope on polished surfaces if a highly finished surface is required.
Too mild a treatment may result in a sacrifice of maximum
1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide for
adhesion.
producing adherent electrodeposits of nickel on nickel alloys.
Only those methods that are well known and generally prac- 3.2 Anodic-Cathodic Sulfuric Acid—A 25 mass % sulfuric
acid solution, containing 166 mL of concentrated, 93 mass %
ticed are included. Methods that have been used successfully
but not on a broad scale are not included. Once nickel is sulfuric acid (density 1.83 g/mL) diluted to 1 L is used for this
etching treatment in which the alloy is first etched anodically at
applied, other metals may be electroplated on the product.
a low-current density of 2 A/dm for 10 min and then made
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
passive at 20A/dm for 2 min and finally cathodic for 2 or 3 s
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
at 20 A/dm.(Warning—Slowly add the sulfuric acid with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rapid stirring to the approximate amount of water required.)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
When the initial mixture cools, dilute to exact volume. The
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature of the solution should be in the range from 20 to
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
25 °C (70 to 80 °F). Chemical lead may be used for the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
electrodes. Rinsing should be used before electroplating.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
NOTE 1—This activation is not suitable for barrel operation.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.3 Acid-Nickel Chloride Treatment— This procedure uses
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
an anodic treatment followed by a cathodic treatment in a
low-pH nickel chloride solution. The composition of the
2. Cleaning
solution is 240 g/Lof nickel chloride (NiCl ·6H O) and 31 mL
2 2
2.1 The following cleaning treatments may be used. The
of concentrated 31.45 mass % hydrochloric acid (density
choice of the procedure will be governed largely by the
1.16 g⁄mL). The normal procedure is to make the alloy anodic
condition of the surface.
for 2 min at 3 A/dm and then cathodic for 6 min at the same
2.1.1 Degreasing is used to remove the bulk of grease, oil,
current density. The temperature of the solution should be in
and finishing compounds that may be present on the surface.
the range from 20 to 25 °C. Nickel may be used for the
The cleaning may be vapor degreasing, solvent wash, emulsion
electrodes. Separate tanks are recommended for the anodic and
cleaning, or soak cleaning.
cathodic steps to avoid contamination of solution but a single
2.1.2 Electrolytic Alkaline Cleaning—Removal of final
tank may be used. Rinsing should be used before electroplating
traces of dirt, grease, and oil is accomplished best with
except where indicated in Table X1.1.
electrolytic alkaline cleaning. The solution may be either a
NOTE 2—Nickel anode materials containing greater than 0.01 % sulfur
proprietary cleaner or a formulated one.
are not recommended for use in acid nickel strike baths opera
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