ASTM D7854-18c

Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The greater a carbon black resists compression by having substantial aggregate irregularity and non-sphericity, the greater the compressed volume and void volume. Also, the more that a carbon black resists compression, the greater the energy required to compress the sample per unit void volume.  
5.2 Structure is a property that strongly influences the physical properties developed in carbon black-elastomer compounds for use in tires, mechanical rubber goods, and other manufactured rubber products. Structure by void volume is based on compression while structure measurements by OAN (Test Method D2414) and COAN (Test Method D3493) are based on oil absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to measure a carbon black structure property by Void Volume at mean pressure. Compressed void volumes are obtained by measuring the compressed volume of a weighed sample in a cylindrical chamber as a function of pressure exerted by a movable piston. A profile of void volume as a function of pressure provides a means to assess carbon black structure at varying levels of density and aggregate reduction. For the purposes of standardized testing a single value of void volume is reported at 50 MPa mean pressure.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2018
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.11 - Carbon Black Structure

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7854-18b - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D4821-20 - Standard Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method Precision and Bias
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D7849-23 - Standard Classification for Nomenclature of Reference Materials of Committee D24
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D5817-20 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D3053-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D1765-23a - Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7854 − 18c
Standard Test Method for
1
Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaproceduretomeasureacarbon
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
black structure property by Void Volume at mean pressure.
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing
Compressed void volumes are obtained by measuring the
Industries
compressed volume of a weighed sample in a cylindrical
chamber as a function of pressure exerted by a movable piston.
3. Terminology
A profile of void volume as a function of pressure provides a
means to assess carbon black structure at varying levels of
3.1 Refer to Sections 4 and 9 for a more complete under-
density and aggregate reduction. For the purposes of standard-
standing of the use of these terms in this test method.
izedtestingasinglevalueofvoidvolumeisreportedat50MPa
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mean pressure.
3.2.1 applied pressure, n—the pressure exerted on a sample
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
mass by a movable piston in a cylindrical chamber, where the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
load cell or force measuring system is in contact with the
standard.
movable piston.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 transmitted pressure, n—the resulting pressure trans-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mitted through a sample in a cylindrical chamber, where the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
load cell or force measuring system is in contact with the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sample opposite the movable piston, typically via a stationary
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
second piston.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 compressed volume (carbon black), n—the apparent
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
volume that a specified mass of carbon black occupies when it
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
is contained in a specified cylindrical chamber and subjected to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
a single uniaxial compression at a specified pressure by means
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of a movable piston.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.4 geometric mean pressure, n—the geometric mean of
2. Referenced Documents
the applied and transmitted pressures at a specific void volume;
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the geometric mean pressure is defined in Eq 1:
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
0.5
Geometric Mean P 5 P 3 P (1)
~ !
GM a t
Shipments
3.2.5 theoretical volume (carbon black), n—the volume that
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
a specific mass of carbon black would occupy if there were no
ments
void space within the carbon black, and is given by the ratio of
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
mass to skeletal density, where the skeletal density is deter-
Number (OAN)
mined by an accepted test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
3.2.6 void volume (carbon black), n—a measure of the
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.11 on Carbon Black
intra-aggregate void space or occluded volume within the
Structure.
primary structure of carbon black, characterized by the irregu-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. Originally
larity and non-sphericity of carbon black aggregate particles,
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7854 – 18b. DOI:
10.1520/D7854-18C.
and expressed as the difference (compressed volume minus
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
theoretical volume) as a function of specified uniaxial com-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
pression pressure, and normalized to 100 g mass. pressure, and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. normalized to 100 g mass. The void volume of a carbon black
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7854 − 18c
expressed as
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7854 − 18b D7854 − 18c
Standard Test Method for
1
Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to measure a carbon black structure property by Void Volume at mean pressure.
Compressed void volumes are obtained by measuring the compressed volume of a weighed sample in a cylindrical chamber as a
function of pressure exerted by a movable piston. A profile of void volume as a function of pressure provides a means to assess
carbon black structure at varying levels of density and aggregate reduction. For the purposes of standardized testing a single value
of void volume is reported at 50 MPa mean pressure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries
3. Terminology
3.1 Refer to Sections 4 and 9 for a more complete understanding of the use of these terms in this test method.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 applied pressure, n—the pressure exerted on a sample mass by a movable piston in a cylindrical chamber, where the load
cell or force measuring system is in contact with the movable piston.
3.2.2 transmitted pressure, n—the resulting pressure transmitted through a sample in a cylindrical chamber, where the load cell
or force measuring system is in contact with the sample opposite the movable piston, typically via a stationary second piston.
3.2.3 compressed volume (carbon black), n—the apparent volume that a specified mass of carbon black occupies when it is
contained in a specified cylindrical chamber and subjected to a single uniaxial compression at a specified pressure by means of
a movable piston.
3.2.4 geometric mean pressure, n—the geometric mean of the applied and transmitted pressures at a specific void volume; the
geometric mean pressure is defined in Eq 1:
0.5
Geometric Mean P 5 P 3 P (1)
~ !
GM a t
3.2.5 theoretical volume (carbon black), n—the volume that a specific mass of carbon black would occupy if there were no void
space within the carbon black, and is given by the ratio of mass to skeletal density, where the skeletal density is determined by
an accepted test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.11 on Carbon Black Structure.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2018. Published October 2018January 2019. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
D7854 – 18a.D7854 – 18b. DOI: 10.1520/D7854-18B.10.1520/D7854-18C.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7854 − 18c
3.2.6 void volume (carbon black), n—a measure of the intra-aggregate void space or occluded volume within the primary
structure of carbon blac
...