ASTM D2659-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Column Crush Properties of Blown Thermoplastic Containers
Standard Test Method for Column Crush Properties of Blown Thermoplastic Containers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Column crush tests provide information about the crushing properties of blown thermoplastic containers when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.
The column crush properties include the crushing yield load, deflection at crushing yield load, crushing load at failure, and apparent crushing stiffness. Blown thermoplastic containers made from materials that possess a low order of ductility may fail in crushing by brittle fracture. In such cases, the crushing yield load is equivalent to the crushing load at failure. Blown thermoplastic containers made of ductile materials may not exhibit a crushing load at failure although they will normally provide a crushing yield load value.
Column crush tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, applications, design, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load - time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mechanical properties of blown thermoplastic containers when loaded under columnar crush conditions at a constant rate of compressive deflection. Any container, whether blown commercially or in the laboratory, may be used as the test specimen.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 his standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2659 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Column Crush Properties of Blown Thermoplastic
1
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 3—In some cases, usually as a result of design or styling features,
1. Scope*
or both, of a specific container, multiple values of the crushing yield load
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofmechanical
are be observed, that is, a small deflection occurs with no increase or with
properties of blown thermoplastic containers, whether blown a decrease in the crush load, followed by resumption of the normal crush
load change with deflection. This phenomenon cannot be ignored in the
commercially or in the laboratory, loaded under columnar
evaluation of the column crush properties of a blown thermoplastic
crush conditions at a constant rate of compressive deflection.
container, since it can be a very useful designated failure point for the
application under consideration. The load at which this abrupt change
NOTE 1—Although this test method was developed specifically for
occurs can be chosen as a crushing yield load for study. In such a case, the
blow-molded containers, the general procedure can also be applied to
report of results should be accompanied by a proper description of the
containers of suitable geometries produced by other means, for example,
crushing yield load selected.
thermoforming, injection molding, etc.
3.1.2 crushing load at failure—the crushing load applied to
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
a blown thermoplastic container that produces a failure by
standard.
fracture or parting of the material in any portion of said
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
container (expressed in kilograms (or pounds)).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 deflection at crushing yield load—the decrease in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
lengthofthecontainerspecimenproducedatthecrushingyield
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
load along the center line of testing (axis of crushing, see Fig.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1) (expressed in millimetres (or inches)).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 apparent crushing stiffness—the ratio of the crushing
2. Referenced Documents
load to the corresponding deflection at a point on the linear
2
portion of the crushing load deflection curve (expressed in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
newtons per metre (or pounds per inch)).
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
4. Significance and Use
Extrusion Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
4.1 Column crush tests only provide information about the
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
crush properties of blown thermoplastic containers when
someter Systems
employed under conditions approximating those under which
the tests are conducted.
3. Terminology
4.2 The column crush properties include the crushing yield
3.1 Definitions:
load, deflection at crushing yield load, crushing load at failure,
3.1.1 crushing yield load—the first load at which an in-
and apparent crushing stiffness. Blown thermoplastic contain-
crease of deflection occurs with no increase in load in a
ers made from materials that possess a low order of ductility
compressive crushing test (expressed in units of kilograms (or
can fail in crushing by brittle fracture. In such cases, the
pounds) of load).
crushing yield load is equivalent to the crushing load at failure.
Blown thermoplastic containers made of ductile materials do
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
not always exhibit a crushing load at failure although they will
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
Molded Products.
normally provide a crushing yield load value.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally
4.3 Column crush tests provide a standard method of
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2659 - 1995 (2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D2659-11.
obtaining data for research and development, applications,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
design, quality control, acceptance or rejection under
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be
Standards volume inf
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2659–95 (Reapproved 2005) Designation:D2659–11
Standard Test Method for
Column Crush Properties of Blown Thermoplastic
1
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the determination of mechanical properties of blown thermoplastic containers when loaded under
columnar crush conditions at a constant rate of compressive deflection. Any container, whether blown commercially or in the
laboratory, may be used as the test specimen. *
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mechanical properties of blown thermoplastic containers, whether blown
commercially or in the laboratory, loaded under columnar crush conditions at a constant rate of compressive deflection.
NOTE 1—Although this test method was developed specifically for blow-molded containers, the general procedure can also be applied to containers
of suitable geometries produced by other means, for example, thermoforming, injection molding, etc.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
NOTE1—There 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 crushing yield load—the first load at which an increase of deflection occurs with no increase in load in a compressive
crushing test. It is expressed test (expressed in units of kilograms (or pounds) of load).
NOTE2—In 3—In some cases, usually as a result of design or styling features, or both, of a specific container, multiple values of the crushing yield
load mayare be observed, that is, a small deflection may occur occurs with no increase or with a decrease in the crush load, followed by resumption of
the normal crush load change with deflection. This phenomenon cannot be ignored in the evaluation of the column crush properties of a blown
thermoplastic container, since it maycan be a very useful designated failure point for the application under consideration. The load at which this abrupt
change occurs maycan be chosen as a crushing yield load for study. In such a case, the report of results should be accompanied by a proper description
of the crushing yield load selected.
3.1.2 crushing load at failure—the crushing load applied to a blown thermoplastic container that produces a failure by fracture
or parting of the material in any portion of said container. It is expressed container (expressed in kilograms (or pounds)).
3.1.3 deflection at crushing yield load—the decrease in length of the container specimen produced at the crushing yield load
along the center line of testing (axis of crushing, see Fig. 1). It is expressed in millimetres (or inches). ) (expressed in millimetres
(or inches)).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
Current edition approved July 15, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2659-1995 (2001). DOI:
10.1520/D2659-95R05.on Molded and Extruded Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2659 - 1995 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/D2659-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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