ASTM C1127-95
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface
Standard Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the design and installation of cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane systems that have an integral wearing surface. The cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane (membrane) to which this guide refers is specified in Specification C957.
1.2 Concrete Slab-on-Grade--Waterproofing the upper surface of a concrete slab on grade presents special problems due to the possibility of negative hydrostatic pressure causing loss of bond to the substrate. Consideration of these problems is beyond the scope of this guide. Consult the membrane manufacturer for recommendations when this situation exists.
1.3 The committee having jurisdiction for this guide is not aware of any similar ISO standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Note in 15.4.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1127 – 95
Standard Guide for
Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied
Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral
Wearing Surface
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1127; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 957 Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold Liquid-
Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with Inte-
1.1 This guide describes the design and installation of cold
gral Wearing Surface
liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane systems
C 962 Guide for Use of Elastomeric Joint Sealants
that have an integral wearing surface. The cold liquid-applied
C 1193 Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
elastomeric waterproofing membrane (membrane) to which
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
this guide refers is specified in Specification C 957.
Fluids
1.2 Concrete Slab-on-Grade—Waterproofing the upper sur-
D 1752 Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber and
face of a concrete slab on grade presents special problems due
Cork Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and
to the possibility of negative hydrostatic pressure causing loss
Structural Construction
of bond to the substrate. Consideration of these problems is
D 2628 Specification for Preformed Polychloroprene Elas-
beyond the scope of this guide. Consult the membrane manu-
tomeric Joint Seals for Concrete Pavements
facturer for recommendations when this situation exists.
2.2 U.S. Department of Commerce Standard:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Product Standard PS 1-74 Construction and Industrial Ply-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
wood
only.
2.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
301-84 (1985) Specification for Structural Concrete for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Buildings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.4 Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) Standards:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Steel Structures Painting Manual, Systems and Specifica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
tions:
statements see Note in 15.4.
Specification SSPC SP-2 Wire Brush Cleaning
2. Referenced Documents
Specification SSPC SP-6 Commercial Blast Cleaning
2.5 American Plywood Association (APA) Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
APA Plywood Construction Guide
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
3. Terminology
C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
2 3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology C 717 for the fol-
tural Concrete
lowing terms used in this guide: bond breaker; cellular; cold
C 332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-
2 joint; compatibility; compound; construction joint; control
ing Concrete
joint; creep; dry film thickness; elastomer; expansion joint;
C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
C 755 Practice for Selection of Vapor Retarders for Thermal
Insulation
C 920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
Discontinued. See 1992 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. Replaced
by C1193.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
1 8
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-24 on Building Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.80 on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Building Deck Waterproofing Systems. MD 20899.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996. Originally Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit,
published as C 1127 – 89. Last previous edition C 1127 – 89. MI 48219.
2 11
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Available from Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. PA 15213.
4 12
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. Available from American Plywood Assoc. (Forest Industries), P.O. Box 11700,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. Tacoma, WA 98411.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1127
gasket; isolation joint; joint; laitance; primer; reglet; rein- specifications for the use of the purchaser and the seller in
forced joint; sealant; spalling. contract documents.
3.2 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard: 4.3 Where the state of the art is such that criteria for a
3.2.1 cold-applied—capable of being applied without heat- particular condition is not as yet firmly established or has
ing as contrasted to hot-applied. numerous variables that require consideration, reference is
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Cold-applied products are furnished in made to the applicable portion of Sections 5-11 that covers the
a liquid state, whereas hot-applied products are furnished as particular area of concern. Section 16 describes the repair,
solids that must be heated to liquefy them. rehabilitation, and replacement of the membrane.
3.2.2 curing time—the period between application and the
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
time when the material attains its intended physical properties.
3.2.3 deck—the horizontal structural substrate supporting
5. General
the plaza deck system.
5.1 Major Components, Subsystems, and Features—Design
3.2.4 deflection—the deviation of a structural element from
of plaza deck waterproofing includes consideration of several
its original shape or plane due to physical loading, temperature
subsystems, with their material components and interrelation-
gradients, or rotation of its support.
ships. The specific project requirements, types of substrates
3.2.5 finish—the exposed top surface of the plaza deck
exposed to weather, difference in climatic conditions to which
system, or traffic or wearing surface.
the deck is exposed, and interior environmental requirements
3.2.6 flashing—a generic term describing the transitional
of the occupied space, are major determinants in the selection
area between the waterproofing membrane and surfaces above
of components. Information needed to design the deck sub-
the wearing surface of the plaza; a terminal closure or barrier
systems includes temperature extremes of the inner and outer
to prevent ingress of water into the system.
surfaces, precipitation rates, solar exposure, prevailing wind
3.2.7 floated finish—a concrete finish provided by consoli-
direction, the pattern and reflectivity of adjacent structures,
dating and leveling the concrete with only a power driven or
anticipated amount and intensity of vibration resulting from
hand float, or both.
function or adjacent occupancies, and design live loads.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—A floated finish is more coarse than a
5.2 Major Subsystems—The major subsystems to be con-
troweled finish. For specifications, see ACI Specification 301.
sidered in waterproofing a building deck are the structural
3.2.8 freeze-thaw cycle—the freezing and subsequent thaw-
building deck or substrate to be waterproofed, deck supports,
ing of a material.
traffic-bearing waterproofing membrane, drainage, membrane
3.2.9 grout—concrete containing no coarse aggregate; a
terminations, and joint systems (see Fig. 1). The design
thin mortar.
guidelines, as well as the details, components, and drawings
3.2.10 preparatory coat—an initial coat of the liquid-
which follow, illustrate a principle but are not necessarily the
applied membrane which is applied at cracks, joints, or
only solutions for a diversity of environments.
terminal points to provide reinforcement to the membrane at
5.3 Compatibility—Components and contiguous elements
these critical areas.
should be compatible and coordinated to form a totally
3.2.11 structural slab—a horizontal, supporting, cast-in-
integrated waterproofing system.
place concrete building deck.
5.4 Waterproofing Membrane—The waterproofing mem-
3.2.12 traffıc surface—a surface exposed to traffic, either
brane may be composed of several components, such as
pedestrian or vehicular.
substrate primer(s), base coat(s), top coat(s), and antiskid
3.2.13 troweled finish—a concrete finish provided by
aggregate(s), and each material may be single or multi-
smoothing the surface with power-driven or hand trowels, or
component. The thickness of each coat, the use of primers, as
both, after the float finishing operation.
well as the type and amount of aggregates needed for each
3.2.13.1 Discussion—A troweled finish is smoother than the
particular application, vary according to the exposure condi-
floated finish. For specifications, see ACI Specification 301.
tions. Areas of high stress and wear, such as sharp turn radii
3.2.14 wearing surface—see traffıc surface.
and areas with heavy acceleration and braking from vehicular
3.2.15 wet-film thickness—the thickness of a liquid coating
traffic, require a greater application thickness of the membrane
as it is applied.
and aggregate than do areas of lower stress. The membrane
3.2.16 wet-film gauge—a gauge for measuring the thickness
system must be applied at a thickness great enough to
of a wet film.
withstand the conditions of use. The actual thickness of each
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide is divided into two sections which provide
design and specification guidelines for the use of a cold
liquid-applied elastomeric membrane with integral wearing
surface for waterproofing building decks in building areas to be
occupied by personnel, vehicles, or equipment.
4.2 The intent of Sections 5-11, Design Considerations, is to
provide information and design guidelines where a waterproof-
FIG. 1 Basic Components of Cold-Applied Elastomeric
ing membrane with integral wearing surface is to be used. The
Waterproofing Membrane with Integral Wearing Course (see 5.2
intent of the remaining sections is to provide minimum guide and 5.4)
C 1127
coat required for a particular application and the use of C 33, which generally provides structural concrete witha3to
aggregate in topcoats should be established between the 5 % moisture content when cured. Aggregates conforming to
purchaser and the seller. The purchaser should specify that the
Specification C 330 will provide lightweight structural con-
minimum membrane or film thickness meets or exceeds the crete generally havinga5to20% moisture content when
requirements for the particular application and substrate.
cured. Aggregates conforming to Specification C 332 provide
5.5 Membrane Wear—The liquid-applied elastomeric mem- lightweight insulating concrete, generally having a relatively
brane forms the wearing surface of the building deck and
low compressive strength and capable of having over 20 %
therefore can be expected to show wear and deterioration. The moisture content when cured. The concrete used for the deck
installed membrane system requires maintenance to provide
substrate should have a maximum moisture content of 8 %
3 3
maximum life and waterproofing protection. A program of
when cured and a minimum density of 1760 kg/m (110 lb/ft ).
regularly scheduled inspections (that is, annual, semi-annual,
Hence, a limited number of lightweight aggregates (Specifica-
or quarterly) shall be established to detect problems before
tion C 330) may be used, and no lightweight insulating
major damage occurs to the membrane. Small areas of high
aggregates (Specification C 332) shall be used.
wear (such as a sharp turn in a parking deck) or areas subjected
6.4 Admixtures, Additives, and Cement/Concrete
to abuse can and should be repaired. If the top coat or wearing
Modifiers—Admixtures, additives, and modifiers serve many
surface has begun to deteriorate, the wearing surface (including
functions in mixing, forming, and curing concrete, such as to
aggregate) can be rehabilitated. Should the membrane system
retard or accelerate the cure rate; reduce the water content
become worn to the point where large areas of the deck
required; entrain air; increase strength; create or improve the
substrate are visible, the membrane system probably will have
ability of the concrete to bond to existing, cured concrete;
to be completely replaced and structural repairs may be
permit thin topping overlayers; and improve workability. Some
required. Loss of watertight integrity should not be permitted
admixtures and modifiers (particularly polymeric, latex or
as corrosion of reinforcing steel can occur, causing spalling and
other organic/chemical based materials) may coat the concrete
thereby jeopardizing the structural integrity of the deck.
particles and reduce the ability of the waterproofing membrane
to bond to the concrete. The membrane manufacturer should be
6. Cast-In-Place Concrete
consulted if the concrete used for the deck contains any
6.1 General—The concrete substrate or building deck re-
admixtures, additives, or modifiers in order to determine the
ferred to in this guide is reinforced, cast-in-place structural
compatibility of the membrane with the concrete.
concrete, which should conform to all requirements of ACI
6.5 Underside Metal Liner and Coating—The underside of
Specification 301.
the concrete deck should not be impervious to water, but rather
6.2 Strength—The strength of concrete is an important
should permit the free evaporation of water from the concrete.
factor since liquid-applied elastomeric membranes have a
If an underside metal liner, used as a form or composite
much higher modulus and tensile strength than a typical
structural component, does not permit moisture to evaporate,
building sealant or a waterproofing membrane normally used
water vapor may be trapped between the membrane and the
with a separate wearing course. (For example, the 100 %
support and condense at the membrane-concrete interface. The
(tensile) modulus value may range up to 34.47 MPa (5000
condensate can destroy or prevent the adhesive bond of the
psi).) The concrete must have sufficient strength to avoid
membrane to the concrete. Adequate drying of residual mois-
rupture at the bond line of the membrane when the membrane
ture in concrete poured over permanent metal liners requires a
is under tensile or shear stress. The strength of concrete is also
much longer period (possibly years) to achieve similar mois-
a factor to be considered insofar as it relates to finish, bond
ture content as is achieved with slabs stripped of forming.
strength, and continuing integrity (absence of cracks and other
Uniformly spaced perfo
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