ASTM A1085-13

Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded Carbon Steel Hollow Structural Sections (HSS)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-formed welded carbon steel hollow structural sections (HSS) for welded or bolted construction that are used in, although not limited to, buildings, bridges, towers, cranes, sign supports and poles, off-shore production and drilling platforms, roll-over protective structures (ROPS), falling object protective structures (FOPS), and amusement rides. This HSS is produced in welded sizes with a periphery of not more than 88 in. [2235 mm] as well as a specified nominal wall thickness of at least 0.148 in. [3.8 mm] and not more than 0.875 in. [22 mm]. The standard addresses areas such as ordering information, the steel-making process, HSS manufacture, heat analysis, product analysis, tensile requirements, flattening test, permissible variations in dimensions, number of tests, retests, test methods, rejection, certification, product marking, packing and loading, and government procurement.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded carbon steel hollow structural sections (HSS) for welded or bolted construction. These shapes are utilized in but not limited to the following applications: buildings, bridges, towers, cranes, sign supports and poles, off-shore production and drilling platforms, roll-over protective structures (ROPS), falling object protective structures (FOPS), and amusement rides.  
1.2 This HSS is produced in welded sizes with a periphery of 88 in. [2235 mm] or less, and a specified nominal wall thickness of 0.148 in. [3.8 mm] or greater and 0.875 in. [22 mm] or less.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
1.4 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2013
• ICS: 77.140.75 - Steel pipes and tubes for specific use
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.09 - Carbon Steel Tubular Products

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A1085 −13
StandardSpecification for
Cold-Formed Welded Carbon Steel Hollow Structural
Sections (HSS)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1085; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cal Analysis of Steel Products
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded carbon
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
steel hollow structural sections (HSS) for welded or bolted
2.2 Military Standard:
construction. These shapes are utilized in but not limited to the
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
following applications: buildings, bridges, towers, cranes, sign
2.3 Federal Standards:
supportsandpoles,off-shoreproductionanddrillingplatforms,
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment
roll-overprotectivestructures(ROPS),fallingobjectprotective
Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron
structures (FOPS), and amusement rides.
and Steel Products
1.2 This HSS is produced in welded sizes with a periphery
2.4 AIAG Standard:
of 88 in. [2235 mm] or less, and a specified nominal wall
B-1 Bar Code Symbology Standard
thickness of 0.148 in. [3.8 mm] or greater and 0.875 in. [22
mm] or less.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
specification, refer to Terminology A941.
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
4. Ordering Information
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall contain
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
information concerning as many of the following items as are
standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
required to describe the desired material adequately:
designation of this specification is specified in the order.
4.1.1 Quantity (feet [meters] or number of lengths),
1.4 The text of this specification contains notes and foot-
4.1.2 Name of material (cold-formed HSS),
notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and
4.1.3 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness for round
footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain
HSS, and outside dimensions and wall thickness for square and
any mandatory requirements.
rectangular HSS),
4.1.4 Length (random, multiple, specific; see 12.4),
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.5 End condition (see 17.3),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.6 Burr removal (see 17.3),
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1.7 Certification (see Section 19),
of Steel Products
4.1.8 ASTM specification designation and year of issue,
A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth- 4.1.9 End use,
ods for Steel Products for Shipment
4.1.10 Special requirements,
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi- 4.1.11 Bar coding (see 20.3),
4.1.12 Packing, Marking and Loading (see Section 21), and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. DOI: 10.1520/ dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
A1085-13. AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.access.gpo.gov.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAutomotive IndustryAction Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
the ASTM website. Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1085−13
4.1.13 Supplementary requirement, if any, including the be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-
additional requirement called for in the supplementary require- ogy A751. Such product analyses shall conform to the require-
ment. ments specified in Table 1 for product analysis.
8.3 If both product analyses representing a lot fail to
5. Process
conform to the specified requirements, the lot shall be rejected.
5.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following
8.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails to
processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric furnace.
conform to the specified requirements, product analyses shall
5.2 When steels of different grades are sequentially strand
bemadeusingtwoadditionaltestspecimenstakenfromthelot.
cast, the steel producer shall identify the resultant transition
Both additional product analyses shall conform to the specified
material and remove it using an established procedure that
requirements or the lot shall be rejected.
positively separates the grades.
9. Tensile Requirements
6. Manufacture
9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen, shall
6.1 HSS shall be made from flat-rolled steel by the electric-
conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed
resistance-welding process. The longitudinal butt joint of
in Table 2.
welded tubing shall be welded across its thickness. No trans-
verse coil splices are permitted in the furnished product.
10. Charpy V-Notch (CVN) Impact Requirements
6.2 Stress relief or annealing is permissible. If heat treat-
10.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen, shall
ment is performed mechanical testing shall be conducted after
conform to the minimum average CVN Impact Value of 25
heat treatment.
ft-lb at 40°F [34 Joules at 4°C], based on full-size longitudinal
NOTE 1—Welded HSS is normally furnished without removal of the
test specimens. (See ASTM A370 for acceptance criteria for
inside flash.
subsize specimens.)
7. Heat Analysis
11. Flattening Test
7.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirements
11.1 The flattening test shall be made on round HSS. A
specified in Table 1 for heat analysis.
flattening test is not required for square and rectangular HSS.
7.2 The maximum permissible carbon equivalent shall be
11.2 For round HSS, a test specimen at least 4 in. [100 mm]
0.45 %. The carbon equivalent shall be based upon the heat
in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in three
analysis. The required heat analysis and the carbon equivalent
steps, with the weld located 90° from the line of direction of
shall be reported. The carbon equivalent shall be calculated
force. During the first step, which is a test for ductility of the
using the following formula:
weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces of
CE 5 C1 ~Mn!⁄61 ~Cr1Mo1V!⁄51 ~Ni1Cu!⁄15
thetestspecimenshallbepresentuntilthedistancebetweenthe
plates is less than two-thirds of the specified outside diameter
8. Product Analysis
of the tubing. For the second step, no cracks or breaks on the
8.1 When product tests are conducted the HSS shall con-
inside or outside parent metal surfaces of the test specimen,
form to the requirements of Table 1 for product analysis.
except as provided for in 11.4, shall be present until the
8.2 If product analyses are made, they shall be made using
distancebetweentheplatesislessthanone-halfofthespecified
test specimens taken from two lengths of HSS from each lot of outside diameter of the tubing. During the third step, which is
500 lengths, or fraction thereof, or two pieces of flat-rolled
a test for soundness, the flattening shall be continued until the
stock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolled test specimen breaks or the opposite walls of the test specimen
stock.Methodsandpracticesrelatingtochemicalanalysisshall
meet. Evidence of laminated or unsound material or of incom-
plete weld that is revealed during the entire flattening test shall
be cause for rejection.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
11.3 Surface imperfections not found in the test specimen
Composition, %
Element
before flattening, but revealed during the first step of the
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
flattening test, shall be judged in accordance with Section 17.
Carbon, max 0.26 +0.04
Manganese, max 1.35 + 0.05
Phosphorus, max 0.035 +0.01
Sulfur, max 0.035 +0.01
Aluminum, min .015 acid soluble OR {
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
.020 total Al content
Round and Shaped HSS
Silicon, max 0.04 +0.03
Notes:
Grade A
(1) For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum
Yield Strength, psi [MPa] 50,000 [345] – 70,000 [485]
for carbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the specified maximum
Tensile Strength, psi [MPa], min. 65,000 [450]
for manganese is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50% by heat analysis and
A
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min. % 21
1.60% by product analysis.
A
The minimum elongation values specified apply only to tests performed prior to
(2) Where an ellipsis ({) appears in the table, requirements have not been
defined. shipment of the tubing.
A1085−13
TABLE 4 Length Tolerances for Specific Lengths of
11.4 When low D-to-t ratio HSS are tested, the strain
Structural HSS
imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the inside
22 ft [6.5 m] and Under Over 22 ft [6.5 m]
surface at the 6 and 12 o’clock locations. Cracks at these
Over Under Over Under
locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-t ratio is
1 1 3 1
Length tolerance for ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4
less than 10.
specific lengths, in. [mm] [13] [6] [19] [6]
12. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
12.1 Outside Dimensions:
12.5 Straightness—The permissible variation for straight-
12.1.1 Round HSS—The outside diameter shall not vary
ness of HSS shall be ⁄8 in. times the number of feet [10 mm
more than 60.5 %, rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. [0.1 mm],
times the number of meters] of total length divided by 5.
from the specified outside diameter for specified outside
12.6 Squareness of Sides—For square and rectangular struc-
diameters 1.900 in. [48 mm] and smaller, and 60.75 %,
tural HSS, adjacent sides shall be square (90°), with a
rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. [0.1 mm], from the specified
permissible variation of 62° max.
outside diameter for specified outside diameters 2.00 in. [50
mm] and larger. The outside diameter measurements shall be 12.7 Radius of Corners—For square and rectangular struc-
made at positions at least 2 in. [50 mm] from the ends of the
tural HSS, the radius of each outside corner of the section shall
HSS. be as noted in the table below.
12.1.2 Square and Rectangular HSS—The outside
dimensions, measured across the flats at positions at least 2 in.
TABLE 5 Corner Radii
[50 mm] from the ends of the HSS shall not vary from the
Thickness, t, in. [mm] Corner Radius
specified outside dimensions by more than the applicable
t# 0.400 [10.2 mm] 1.6t to 3.0t
amount given in Table 3, which includes an allowance for
t > 0.400 [10.2 mm] 1.8t to 3.0t
convexity or concavity.
12.2 Wall Thickness—The minimum wall thickness shall be
95 % of the specified wall thickness. The maximum wall 12.8 Twist—For square and rectangular structural HSS, the
thickness, excluding the weld seam, shall be not more than 10 permissible variations in twist shall be as given in Table 6.
% greater than the specified wall thickness. For square and Twist shall be determined by holding one end of the HSS down
rectangular tubing the wall thickness requirements shall apply on a flat surface plate, measuring the height that each corner on
only to the centers of the flats. thebottomsideoftheHSSextendsabovethesurfaceplatenear
the opposite ends of the HSS, and calculating the twist (the
12.3 Mass—On the basis that the density of rolled steel is
3 3 difference in heights of such corners), except that for heavier
0.2836 lb/in. [7850 kg/m ] and that the outside radius of
sections it shall be permissible to use a suitable measuring
corners of rectangular HSS are 2 times the specified thickness,
device to determine twist. Twist measurements shall not be
theactualmassofanindividuallengthofHSSshallnotdeviate
taken within 2 in. [50 mm] of the ends of the HSS.
from the mass specified by more than –3.5 % or +10 %.
12.4 Length—HSS is normally produced in random lengths 13. Special Shape HSS
5 ft [1.5 m] and over, in multiple lengths, and in specific
13.1 The availability, dimensions, and tolerances of special
lengths. Refer to Section 4. When specific lengths are ordered,
shapestructuralHSSshallbesubjecttoinquiryandnegotiation
the length tolerance shall be in accordance with Table 4.
with the manufacturer.
14. Number of Tests
14.1 The term “lot” shall apply to all HSS of the same
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Flat Dimensions for
specified size and specified wall thickness that are produced
Square and Rectangular HSS
from the same heat of steel.
Permissible Variations Over and
Specified Outside Large Flat
Under Specified Outside 14.2 One tension test as specified in Section 16 shall be
Dimension, in. [mm]
A
Flat Dimensions, in. [mm]
made from a length of HSS representing each lot.
2 ⁄2 [65] or under 0.020 [0.5]
1 1
Over 2 ⁄2 to 3 ⁄2 [65 to 90], incl 0.025 [0.6]
1 1
Over 3 ⁄2 to 5 ⁄2 [90 to 140], incl 0.030 [0.8]
TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Twist for Square and
Over 5 ⁄2 [140] 0.01 times large flat dimension
Rectangular HSS
A
The permissible variations include allowances for convexity and concavity. For
Maximum Permissible Variations in Twist per
Specified Outside Large Flat
rectangular HSS having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension less than
3 ft of Length [Twist per Meter of Length]
Dimension, in. [mm]
1.5,andforsquareHSS,thepermissiblevariationsinsmallflatdimensionshallbe
in. [mm]
identical to the permissible variations in large flat dimension. For rectangular HSS
having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension in the range of 1.5 to 3.0 1 ⁄2 [40] and under 0.050 [1.3]
1 1
Over 1 ⁄2 to 2 ⁄2 [40 to 65], incl 0.062 [1.6]
inclusive, the permissible variations in small flat dimension shall be 1.5 times the
permissible variations in large flat dimension. For rectangular HSS having a ratio Over 2 ⁄2 to 4 [65 to 100], incl 0.075 [1.9]
Over 4 to 6 [100 to 150], incl 0.087 [2.2]
of outside large to small flat dimension greater than 3.0, the p
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