ASTM D7520-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere
Standard Test Method for Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Air permits from regulatory agencies often require measurements of opacity from stationary air pollution point sources in the outdoor ambient environment. Opacity has been visually measured by certified smoke readers in accordance with USEPA (USEPA Method 9). DCOT is also a method to determine plume opacity in the outdoor ambient environment.
5.2 The concept of DCOT was based on previous method development using Digital Still Cameras and field testing of those methods.7,8 The purpose of this standard is to set a minimum level of performance for products that use DCOT to determine plume opacity in ambient environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedures to determine the opacity of a plume, using digital imagery and associated hardware and software. The aforementioned plume is caused by particulate matter emitted from a stationary point source in the outdoor ambient environment.
1.2 The opacity of emissions is determined by the application of a Digital Camera Opacity Technique (DCOT) that consists of a Digital Still Camera, Analysis Software, and the Output Function’s content to obtain and interpret digital images to determine and report plume opacity.
1.3 This method is suitable to determine the opacity of plumes from zero (0) percent to one hundred (100) percent.
1.4 Conditions that shall be considered when using this method to obtain the digital image of the plume include the plume’s background, the existence of condensed water in the plume, orientation of the Digital Still Camera to the plume and the sun (see Section 8).
1.5 This standard describes the procedures to certify the DCOT, hardware, software, and method to determine the opacity of the plumes.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7520 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient
1
Atmosphere
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method describes the procedures to determine
2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Docu-
the opacity of a plume, using digital imagery and associated
3
ment:
hardware and software. The aforementioned plume is caused
USEPA Method 9 Visual Determination of the Opacity of
by particulate matter emitted from a stationary point source in
Emissions from Stationary Sources, 40 CFR, Part 60,
the outdoor ambient environment.
Appendix A-4
1.2 The opacity of emissions is determined by the applica-
2.3 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
tion of a Digital Camera Opacity Technique (DCOT) that
4
Document:
consists of a Digital Still Camera, Analysis Software, and the
IEEE 12207-2008 Systems and Software Engineering—
Output Function’s content to obtain and interpret digital images
Software Life Cycle Processes (ISO/IEC 12207:2008(E)),
to determine and report plume opacity.
Edition: 2nd, Institute of Electrical and Electronics
1.3 This method is suitable to determine the opacity of
Engineers, 01-Feb-2008, 138 pages, ISBN:
plumes from zero (0) percent to one hundred (100) percent.
9780738156637
2.4 Japanese Electronic and Information Technology Indus-
1.4 Conditions that shall be considered when using this
tries Association (JEITA) Document:
method to obtain the digital image of the plume include the
Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) for Digital Still
plume’s background, the existence of condensed water in the
Cameras Joint Photographic Experts Group: JPEG file
plume, orientation of the Digital Still Camera to the plume and
format version 2.21, JEITA CP-3451-1 (English version)
the sun (see Section 8).
5
dated 2003-09
1.5 This standard describes the procedures to certify the
2.5 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
DCOT, hardware, software, and method to determine the
6
Standard:
opacity of the plumes.
ISO 9001:2000(s) Quality Management Systems – Require-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ments
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
3.2.1 analysis software—software that when combined with
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a defined operating environment: (a) inputs images captured by
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
the Digital Still Camera image capture devices; (b) produces
Atmospheres
opacity measurements from the combination of human
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
3
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Available from United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Ariel
Atmospheres and Source Emissions. Rios Bldg, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http://
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally www.epa.org.
4
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7520 – 13. Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., (IEEE),
DOI:10.1520/D7520-16. 1828 L St., NW, Suite 1202, Washington, DC 20036-5104, http://www.ieee.org.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from http://www.jeita.or.jp/english/standard/list/
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM list.asp?cateid=1&subcateid=4.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7520 − 16
interaction, open or proprietary calculations and algorithms, also used to archive the image set utilized for each opacity
and image content viewing; (c) and then output said opacity
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7520 − 13 D7520 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient
1
Atmosphere
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the procedures to determine the opacity of a plume, using digital imagery and associated
hardware and software. The aforementioned plume is caused by particulate matter emitted from a stationary point source in the
outdoor ambient environment.
1.2 The opacity of emissions is determined by the application of a Digital Camera Opacity Technique (DCOT) that consists of
a Digital Still Camera, Analysis Software, and the Output Function’s content to obtain and interpret digital images to determine
and report plume opacity.
1.3 This method is suitable to determine the opacity of plumes from zero (0) percent to one hundred (100) percent.
2
1.4 This test method is not applicable to stacks with internal diameters greater than 7.0 ft (2.13 m).
1.4 Conditions that shall be considered when using this method to obtain the digital image of the plume include the plume’s
background, the existence of condensed water in the plume, orientation of the Digital Still Camera to the plume and the sun (see
Section 8).
1.5 This standard describes the procedures to certify the DCOT, hardware, software, and method to determine the opacity of
the plumes.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Document:
USEPA Method 9 Visual Determination of the Opacity of Emissions from Stationary Sources, 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A-4
4
2.3 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Document:
IEEE 12207-2008 Systems and Software Engineering—Software Life Cycle Processes (ISO/IEC 12207:2008(E)), Edition: 2nd,
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 01-Feb-2008, 138 pages, ISBN: 9780738156637
2.4 Japanese Electronic and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA) Document:
Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) for Digital Still Cameras:Cameras Joint Photographic Experts Group: JPEG file format
version 2.21, JEITA CP-3451-1 (English version) dated 2003-09; 2003-09http://www.jeita.or.jp/english/standard/list/
5
list.asp?cateid=1&subcateid=4
6
2.5 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard:
ISO 9001:2000(s) Quality Management Systems – Requirements
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013April 1, 2016. Published January 2014April 2016. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
D7520 – 09.D7520 – 13. DOI:10.1520/D7520-13.DOI:10.1520/D7520-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Ariel Rios Bldg, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http://www.epa.org.
4
Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., (IEEE), 1828 L St., NW, Suite 1202, Washington, DC 20036-5104, http://www.ieee.org.
5
Available from http://www.jeita.or.jp/english/standard/list/list.asp?cateid=1&subcateid=4.
6
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7520 − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of
...
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