ASTM D5244-92(2004)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Recovery of Enteroviruses from Waters (Withdrawn 2013)
Standard Practice for Recovery of Enteroviruses from Waters (Withdrawn 2013)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Enteric viruses of public health significance are present in the aquatic environment.
Enteric viruses have been detected in treated water supplies.
Enteric viruses are responsible for a wide range of illnesses, ranging from hepatitis to gastroenteritis.
This practice is applicable to the recovery of many plaque-forming enteric viruses from waters when used in conjunction with cell culture assay systems.
The principles of this practice are applicable without technical modifications for monitoring for viruses based on the use of gene probe technology.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a uniform procedure for the concentration of viruses from collected samples.
1.2 This practice describes a virus adsorption-elution cartridge filter procedure for recovering viruses from drinking water. Volumes of 400 L or more are processed for samples of drinking water quality.
1.3 The principles of this practice are also applicable to sewages, effluents, and surface waters without technical modifications.
1.4 Although specifically designed for recovery of human enteroviruses, this practice also may be applied to some other human enteric viruses, that have to be determined by specific testing.
1.5 The consistency of this practice was determined from method evaluation studies with poliovirus-seeded drinking water samples.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Only adequately trained personnel should be allowed to perform these procedures and should use safety precautions recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service Center for Disease Control for work with potentially hazardous biological organisms.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers a uniform procedure for the concentration of viruses from collected samples.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of D19 on Water, this practice was withdrawn in January 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5244 − 92 (Reapproved2004)
Standard Practice for
Recovery of Enteroviruses from Waters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5244; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers a uniform procedure for the con- 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
centration of viruses from collected samples. practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.2 This practice describes a virus adsorption-elution car- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tridge filter procedure for recovering viruses from drinking 3.2.1 cell monolayer—a single layer of cells grown on a
water. Volumes of 400 Lor more are processed for samples of glass or plastic surface to which they are securely attached.
drinking water quality.
3.2.2 enteric virus—a general term denoting a virus that
normally enters by the oral route, is capable of multiplying in
1.3 The principles of this practice are also applicable to
cellsofthealimentarycanalandisfoundinstoolspecimens.In
sewages, effluents, and surface waters without technical modi-
additiontotheenterovirus,includedunderthisgeneraltermare
fications.
suchagentsasadenovirus,rotavirus,Norwalkvirus,astrovirus,
1.4 Although specifically designed for recovery of human
and calicivirus.
enteroviruses, this practice also may be applied to some other
3.2.3 enterovirus—a genus of the family Picornaviridae.
human enteric viruses, that have to be determined by specific
Members of this genus are 22 to 30 nm in diameter, contain a
testing.
positive single-stranded RNA, are stable under acid conditions
1.5 The consistency of this practice was determined from
and are resistant to ether. Included in this genus are poliovirus,
method evaluation studies with poliovirus-seeded drinking
coxsackievirus, and echovirus.
water samples.
3.2.4 plaque—an area of clearing caused by the cytopathic
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
effects of virus on a susceptible cell monolayer.
standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Practice
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Acommercially available negatively charged cartridge-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
typefilterisusedtorecoverlowlevelsofvirusfromwater.The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
viruses adsorbed to this filter matrix are released by passage of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Only adequately
beef extract-glycine reagent (pH 9.0) through the filter. The
trained personnel should be allowed to perform these proce-
eluted viruses are further concentrated by organic flocculation.
dures and should use safety precautions recommended by the
This consists of lowering the pH of the beef extract to 3.5,
U.S.PublicHealthServiceCenterforDiseaseControlforwork
separating the resulting floc, and solubilizing the floc in a
with potentially hazardous biological organisms.
relatively small volume of phosphate solution to release the
bound viruses.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
5.1 Enteric viruses of public health significance are present
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
in the aquatic environment.
5.2 Enteric viruses have been detected in treated water
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
supplies.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology.
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
5.3 Enteric viruses are responsible for a wide range of
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D5244–92 (1998).
illnesses, ranging from hepatitis to gastroenteritis.
DOI: 10.1520/D5244-92R04.
BiologicalSafetyinMicrobiologicalandBiomedicalLaboratories,Richardson,
5.4 This practice is applicable to the recovery of many
J. H., and Barkley, W. E., Eds., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public
plaque-forming enteric viruses from waters when used in
Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and National Institutes of Health, HHS
Publication No. (NIH) 88-8395, 2nd Ed, May 1988. conjunction with cell culture assay systems.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5244 − 92 (2004)
5.5 The principles of this practice are applicable without 7.10 Buffered 3 % Beef Extract Reagent:
technicalmodificationsformonitoringforvirusesbasedonthe
7.10.1 Dissolve 60 g of beef extract powder and 7.5 g of
use of gene probe technology.
glycine in 2 L of water.
7.10.2 Autoclave beef extract solution at 121°C for 20 min.
6. Apparatus
7.10.3 Adjust to pH 9 with NaOH solution (40 g/L).
6.1 Holder, for 10-in. (25.4 cm) cartridge filter.
8. Procedure
6.2 Filterite Cartridge Filter, negatively charged pleated
fiberglass, 10-in. (25.4 cm), 0.45-µm pore size.
8.1 Conditioning of Sample:
6.3 pH Meter, measuring to an accuracy of at least 0.1 pH
8.1.1 Dechlorinate water, if necessary, with 0.8 mL of
unit, equipped with a combination-type electrode.
sodium thiosulfate solution for each litre of test sample to be
collected.
6.4 Magnetic Stirrer, with stir bars.
8.1.2 Acidify test sample to pH 3.5 with HCl (1+9).
6.5 Positive Pressure Source, equipped with a pressure
Rapidly mix acid into sample to prevent pH levels from
gage. Deliver to filter holder no more pressure than recom-
becoming sufficiently low in parts to inactivate viruses.
mended by the manufacturer (5.3 kg/cm ). Do not exceed a
8.1.3 Condition each litre of acidified test sampl
...
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