ASTM D4889-04(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Crude or Modified Isocyanates
Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Crude or Modified Isocyanates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods can be used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniform continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
Some isocyanates exhibit non-Newtonian behavior under certain conditions. Whenever possible, generate results for comparison under the same conditions, that is, the same spindle/speed combination for Brookfield viscosity and the same tube size for Cannon-Fenske viscosity.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of crude or modified isocyanates. They are applicable to products derived from toluene diisocyanate, methylene-bis-(4-phenylisocyanate), and polymethylene polyphenylisocyanates (see Note 1).
Note 1—Test method A includes a procedure for measuring dynamic viscosity using a rotational Brookfield instrument. Test method B is simply a reference to a general procedure for measuring kinematic viscosity using a Cannon-Fenske instrument, D445.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements see Warnings at the end of 5.1 and 10.5.
Note 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D4889 −04(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of
Crude or Modified Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 Thesetestmethods(AandB)determinetheviscosityof 4.1 These test methods can be used for research or for
crude or modified isocyanates.They are applicable to products qualitycontroltocharacterize isocyanatesusedinpolyurethane
derived from toluene diisocyanate, methylene-bis-(4- products.
phenylisocyanate), and polymethylene polyphenylisocyanates
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniform
(see Note 1).
continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
NOTE 1—Test method A includes a procedure for measuring dynamic
4.3 Some isocyanates exhibit non-Newtonian behavior un-
viscosity using a rotational Brookfield instrument. Test method B is
der certain conditions. Whenever possible, generate results for
simply a reference to a general procedure for measuring kinematic
comparison under the same conditions, that is, the same
viscosity using a Cannon-Fenske instrument, D445.
spindle/speed combination for Brookfield viscosity and the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
same tube size for Cannon-Fenske viscosity.
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5. Sampling
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Since organic isocyanates react with atmospheric
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
moisture, special precautions must be taken in sampling (see
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Warningattheendofthisparagraph).Usualsamplingmethods
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecifichazards
(for example, sampling an open drum with a thief), even when
statements see Warnings at the end of 5.1 and 10.5.
carriedoutrapidly,cancausecontaminationofthesamplewith
insoluble urea. Therefore, the sample must be blanketed with
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
dry air or nitrogen at all times. (Warning—Organic iso
2. Referenced Documents cyanates are harmful when they are absorbed through the skin,
or when the vapors are breathed. Provide adequate ventilation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and protective gloves and wear eyeglasses.)
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
6. Test Conditions
ity)
6.1 Since isocyanates react with moisture, keep laboratory
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
humidity low, preferably about 50% relative humidity.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
TEST METHOD A—BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
7. Summary of Test Method
methods see Terminology D883.
7.1 The viscosity is measured at 25 60.3°C with a Brook-
field viscometer, either Model LVF, LVT, RVF, or RVT.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
8. Interferences
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers. 8.1 Thetemperatureandcontainersizeareimportantfactors
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally
in measuring Brookfield viscosity accurately. Deviation from
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4889-04. DOI:
theprescribedconditionswillaffecttheaccuracyoftheresults.
10.1520/D4889-04R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, 240 Cushing St.,
the ASTM website. Stoughton, MA 02072.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4889−04 (2011)
TABLE 1 Guide to Selecting the Rotational Speed Using the Number 1 Spindle
Viscosity range of sample LVF LVT RVF RVT
in mPa s (cP) Rotational speed (rpm) Rotational speed (rpm) Rotational speed (rpm) Rotational speed (rpm)
10-80 60 60 20 100
80-160 30 30 20 50
160-400 12 12 20 20
9. Apparatus 10 revolutions. Depress the clutch lever, stop the motor, and
readthescale.Ifthepointerisnotinvieworifitisbelow10%
9.1 Brookfield Synchro-lectric Viscometers, Model LVF,
torque when the dial comes to rest, rapidly throw the motor
LVT, RVF, or RVT is to be used. Calibrate the instrument
switchonandoff(withtheclutchleverstilldepressed)untilthe
periodically with Brookfield Engineering Laboratories 10 mPa
pointer is in view and is above 10% torque.
s (cP) or 100 mPa s (cP) Viscosity Standard Fluids.
10.5 Repeattheprocedureuntilthereadings(aftereach8to
9.2 Spindle No. 1, The No. 1 Spindles for the LV and RV
10revolutions)agreetowithinonescaledivision.(Warning—
instruments are different and, therefore, it is important to use
Always release the clutch lever when the spindle
...
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