ASTM A711/A711M-07(2012)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Forging Stock
Standard Specification for Steel Forging Stock
ABSTRACT
This specification covers cast carbon and alloy steel ingots and strand castings, semi-wrought ingots and strand castings, and rolled or forged blooms, billets, and slabs for steel forging stock. Materials shall be manufactured and furnished in a condition that can withstand, for an indefinite time, exposure to all climatic conditions without developing any external or internal cracks. Final products shall be free of injurious surface imperfections. If, however, such defects do occur, surface conditioning, cutting, or parting may be performed by scarfing or flame-cutting. Heat and product analyses shall be carried out to evaluate conformance of steel specimens to chemical composition requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cast carbon and alloy steel ingots and strand castings, semi-wrought ingots and strand castings and rolled or forged blooms, billets, and slabs for forging.
1.2 Blooms, billets, and slabs are semi-finished steel products, hot rolled or forged to approximate cross-sectional dimensions. Blooms and billets may be square, round, octagonal, or rectangular in section; slabs are rectangular. Although no invariable rule prevails between the terms blooms and billets, and they are frequently used interchangeably, the following size distinctions are in general use.
1.2.1 Blooms—Cross-sectional area greater than 36 in.2 [230 cm2].
1.2.2 Billets—Maximum cross-sectional area 36 in.2 [230 cm2].
1.2.3 Slabs—Minimum thickness, 1½ in. [4 cm]; width, more than twice the thickness; and generally a cross-sectional area of not less than 16 in.2 [100 cm2].
1.2.4 Ingots either top or bottom poured or secondary remelted are covered.
1.2.5 Strand castings with or without additional reduction are covered.
1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S19) of an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified by the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the “M” specification, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A711/A711M −07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Steel Forging Stock
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA711/A711M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers cast carbon and alloy steel
A29/A29MSpecification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
ingots and strand castings, semi-wrought ingots and strand
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
castings and rolled or forged blooms, billets, and slabs for
A275/A275MPracticeforMagneticParticleExaminationof
forging.
Steel Forgings
1.2 Blooms, billets, and slabs are semi-finished steel
A388/A388MPractice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
products, hot rolled or forged to approximate cross-sectional
Forgings
dimensions. Blooms and billets may be square, round,
A788/A788MSpecification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
octagonal, or rectangular in section; slabs are rectangular.
quirements
Althoughnoinvariableruleprevailsbetweenthetermsblooms
E45Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
and billets, and they are frequently used interchangeably, the
Steel
following size distinctions are in general use.
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
1.2.1 Blooms—Cross-sectional area greater than 36 in.
E381Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
[230 cm ].
Blooms, and Forgings
1.2.2 Billets—Maximum cross-sectional area 36 in.
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
[230cm ].
1.2.3 Slabs—Minimum thickness, 1 ⁄2 in. [4 cm]; width, 3.1 When this specification is to be applied to an inquiry,
more than twice the thickness; and generally a cross-sectional
contract, or order, the purchaser shall furnish the following
2 2
area of not less than 16 in. [100 cm ]. information in addition to those specified in Specification
A788/A788M:
1.2.4 Ingots either top or bottom poured or secondary
3.1.1 The grade of material desired.
remelted are covered.
3.1.2 Product form restrictions (for example, ingots, strand
1.2.5 Strand castings with or without additional reduction
castings, billets) if any, and
are covered.
3.1.3 Applicable supplementary requirements.
1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S19) of an optional
3.1.4 Surface condition.
nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified by
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
the purchaser.
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
requirements, testing and retsting methods and procedures,
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
tional supplementary requirements.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
with the standard.
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the “M” specification, the
material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Discard—Sufficient discard shall be made to secure
freedom from piping and undue segregation.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A711/A711M–07. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0711_A0711M-07R12. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A711/A711M − 07 (2012)
4.2 Reduction from Ingot—Except as otherwise agreed in
Lots Number of Pieces
15 tons [13.5 t] or less 4
accordance with Supplementary Requirement S3.2, the mate-
Over 15 tons [13.5 t] 6
rial shall be made from product having at least two times the
5.3.3 If the number of pieces from cast or heat is less than
cross-sectional area of the material.
the number of samples specified in 5.3.2, one sample shall be
4.3 Stability—Material shall be furnished in a condition to
taken from each piece.
withstand, for an indefinite time, exposure to all climatic 5.3.4 When chips are taken by drilling, the approximate
conditions without developing any external or internal cracks. diameter of the drill used shall be as follows:
Themethodofcoolingoroftreatmentbeforeshipmentshallbe
Area of Cross Section to Be Sampled, Approximate Drill Diameter,
2 2
in. [cm ] in. [mm]
optional with the manufacturer, but he shall be responsible (in
16 [100] and under ⁄2 [13]
the same manner as for defects disclosed after delivery) for
Over 16 [100] 1 [25]
cracks that may develop before material is subjected to
6. Permissible Variations
reheating. When specific stability treatment of material is
6.1 The permissible variation from the specified or theoreti-
specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall be respon-
cal weight of blooms, billets, and slabs shall be 65% for
sible only for carrying out those specific operations but shall
individual pieces or for lots of less than a carload. For carload
not be responsible for cracks that may develop before material
lots the permissible variation shall be 62.5% of the total
is subjected to reheating.
weight of the lot.
5. Chemical Composition
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 The material shall be free of injurious imperfections.
5.1 The chemical composition shall conform to the require-
ments specified in the purchase order or the individual product
7.2 Conditioning, cutting, or parting of material may be
specification. For convenience the grades commonly specified done by scarfing or flame-cutting when methods involving
for carbon and alloy steel, blooms, billets, or slabs are shown preheating and temperature control necessary to avoid any
damage to flame-cut material are employed.
in Table 1 and Table 2 of the latest issue of Specification
A29/A29M. Blooms, billets, or slabs may be ordered to these
7.3 Surface Conditioning—Material may be conditioned to
grade designations, and when so ordered shall conform to the
remove injurious surface defects, provided the depth of condi-
specified limits by heat analysis.
tioning does not exceed ⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] for each inch of
dimension concerned, up to a maximum depth of ⁄4 in.
5.2 Heat Analysis:
[20mm], and provided that the width of the conditioning is at
5.2.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made in
least four times its greatest depth; except that in the case of
accordance with Specification A788/A788M.
slabs where the width is at least twice the thickness, the depth
of conditioning on the wide surfaces may exceed this allow-
5.3 Product Analysis:
ance by 50%, up to a maximum depth of ⁄4 in. [20 mm]. The
5.3.1 A product analysis may be made by the purchaser in
maximum depth of conditioning on two parallel sides at
accordance with Specification A788/A788M.
opposite locations shall not exceed one and one half times the
5.3.2 To indicate adequately the composition of a heat or
maximum allowed for one side.All conditioned areas must be
lot, samples selected to represent the heat as fairly as possible
flared to result in a uniform blending.
shall be taken midway between center and outside of the
8. Keywords
material from a minimum number of pieces as follows:
8.1 billets; blooms; slabs; steel forging stock
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