ASTM F2245-20

Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2020
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: F37 - Light Sport Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F37.20 - Airplane

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2245 − 20
Standard Specification for
1
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation
Gasoline
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for
F2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutes
the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an
F2339 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocat-
“airplane.”
ing Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light
F2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development of
sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to
Maintenance Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft
VFR flight.
F2506 Specification for Design and Testing of Light Sport
Aircraft Propellers
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units
and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in F2538 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocat-
ing Compression Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or
other) units that are provided for information only and are not F2564 Specification for Design and Performance of a Light
Sport Glider
considered standard. The values stated in each system may not
be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some F2746 Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH)
for Light Sport Airplane
equations provide the units of the result directly following the
equation. F2840 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Electric
Propulsion Units for Light Sport Aircraft
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations and Advisory Circulars:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
14 CFR Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
14 CFR Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
AC 23 Powerplant Guide for Certification of Part 23 Air-
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
planes and Airships
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
AC 23.1521-2 Type Certification of Oxygenates and Oxy-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
genated Gasoline Fuels in Part 23 Airplanes with Recip-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
rocating Engines
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4
2.3 EASA Requirements:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
CS-22 Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
CS-E Engines
2. Referenced Documents CS-P Propellers
2
2.4 Other Standards:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
EN 228 Automotive Fuels - Unleaded Petrol - Requirements
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
5
and Test Methods
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
GAMA Specification No. 1 Specification for Pilot’s Operat-
Fuel
6
ing Handbook
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light
3
Sport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 on Airplane. Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov or http://www.gpo.gov.
4
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2245–18. DOI: Available from EASA European Aviation Safety Agency, Postfach 10 12 53,
10.1520/F2245-20. D-50452 Cologne, Germany, http://easa.europa.eu.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.din.de.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA),
the ASTM website. 1400 K Street NW, Suite 801, Washington, DC 20005-2485, http://www.gama.aero/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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F2245 − 20
3. Terminology 3.2.12 IAS—indicated air speed (m/s, kts)
3.2.13 ICAO—International Civil Aviation Organization
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 electric propu
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2245 − 18 F2245 − 20
Standard Specification for
1
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR
flight.
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses
are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of
the result directly following the equation.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
F2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutes
F2339 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
F2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft
F2506 Specification for Design and Testing of Light Sport Aircraft Propellers
F2538 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Compression Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
F2564 Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Glider
F2746 Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for Light Sport Airplane
F2840 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Electric Propulsion Units for Light Sport Aircraft
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 on Airplane.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018Oct. 1, 2020. Published December 2018October 2020. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20162018
as F2245–16c.–18. DOI: 10.1520/F2245–18.10.1520/F2245-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2245 − 20
3
2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations: Regulations and Advisory Circulars:
14 CFR Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
14 CFR Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
AC 23 Powerplant Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes and Airships
AC 23.1521-2 Type Certification of Oxygenates and Oxygenated Gasoline Fuels in Part 23 Airplanes with Reciprocating
Engines
4
2.3 EASA Requirements: Requirements:
CS-22 Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes
CS-E Engines
CS-P Propellers
2.4 Other Standard:Standards:
5
EN 228 Automotive Fuels - Unleaded Petrol - Requirements and Test Methods
6
GAMA Specification No. 1 Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook
3
Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov or http://www.gpo.gov.
4
Available from EASA European Aviation Safety Agency, Postfach 10 12 53, D-50452 Cologne, Germany, http://easa.europa.eu.
5
Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787
...