ASTM D6371-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels
Standard Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) temperature of diesel and domestic heating fuels using either manual or automated apparatus.
Note 1-This test method is technically equivalent to test methods IP 309 and EN 116.
1.2 The manual apparatus and automated apparatus are both suitable for referee purposes.
1.3 This test method is applicable to distillate fuels, including those containing a flow-improving or other additive, intended for use in diesel engines and domestic heating installations.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D6371–99
Standard Test Method for
Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 IP Standards:
IP309 Dieselanddomesticheatingfuels-Determinationof
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cold
cold filter plugging point
filter plugging point (CFPP) temperature of diesel and domes-
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
tic heating fuels using either manual or automated apparatus.
2.3 ISO Standards:
NOTE 1—This test method is technically equivalent to test methods IP
IP3310 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing -
309 and EN 116.
Part 1: Metal cloth
1.2 Themanualapparatusandautomatedapparatusareboth
2.4 European Standards:
suitable for referee purposes.
EN116 Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determination
1.3 This test method is applicable to distillate fuels, includ-
of cold filter plugging point
ing those containing a flow-improving or other additive,
3. Terminology
intended for use in diesel engines and domestic heating
installations.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 cold filter plugging point, n—highest temperature,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
expressed in multiples of 1°C, at which a given volume of fuel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fails to pass through a standardized filtration device in a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specified time when cooled under the conditions prescribed in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
this test method.
statements, see Section 7.
3.1.2 certified reference material, n—a stable petroleum
product with a method-specific nominal CFPP value estab-
2. Referenced Documents
lished by a method-specific interlaboratory study following
6 4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
RR:D02-1007 guidelines or ISO Guides 34 and 35.
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Oils
4. Summary of Test Method
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
4.1 A specimen of the sample is cooled under specified
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
conditions and, at intervals of 1°C, is drawn into a pipet under
Petroleum Products
a controlled vacuum through a standardized wire mesh filter.
D5771 TestMethodforCloudPointofPetroleumProducts
The procedure is repeated, as the specimen continues to cool,
(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)
for each 1°C below the first test temperature. Testing is
D5772 TestMethodforCloudPointofPetroleumProducts
continued until the amount of wax crystals that have separated
(Linear Cooling Rate Method)
out of solution is sufficient to stop or slow down the flow so
D5773 TestMethodforCloudPointofPetroleumProducts
thatthetimetakentofillthepipetexceeds60sorthefuelfails
(Constant Cooling Rate Method)
toreturncompletelytothetestjarbeforethefuelhascooledby
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-GlassThermometers
a further 1°C.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee U.K.
D02.07.0D on Wax-Related Viscometric Properties of Fuels and Oils. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1999. Published April 1999. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from European Committee for Standardization, Central Secretariat,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Rue Bréderode 2, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
the ASTM website. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1007.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6371–99
4.2 The indicated temperature at which the last filtration 6.1.3 Jacket, brass, watertight, cylindrical, flat bottomed, to
was commenced is recorded as the CFPP. be used as an air bath. It shall have an inside diameter of 45
60.25mm,outsidediameterof48 60.25mm,andaheightof
5. Significance and Use
115 6 3 mm (see Fig. 2).
6.1.4 Insulating Ring, made from oil-resistant plastics or
5.1 The CFPPof a fuel is suitable for estimating the lowest
other suitable material, to be placed in the bottom of the jacket
temperature at which a fuel will give trouble-free flow in
(see 6.1.3) to provide insulation for the bottom of the test jar.
certain fuel systems.
It shall fit closely inside the jacket and have a thickness of 6 +
5.2 In the case of diesel fuel used in European light duty
0.3 - 0.0 mm.
trucks,theresultsareusuallyclosetothetemperatureoffailure
6.1.5 Spacers (two), approximately 5-mm thick, made of
in service except when the fuel system contains, for example,
oil-resistant plastics or other suitable material, to be placed as
a paper filter installed in a location exposed to the weather or
shown in Fig. 1 around the test jar (see 6.1.2) to provide
if the filter plugging temperature is more than 12°C below the
insulation for the test jar from the sides of the jacket. The
cloud point value in accordance with Test Method D2500,
spacers shall fit closely to the test jar and closely inside the
D5771, D5772, or D5773. Domestic heating installations are
jacket. The use of incomplete rings, each with a 2-mm
usually less critical and often operate satisfactorily at tempera-
circumferential gap, will accommodate variations in test jar
tures somewhat lower than those indicated by the test results.
diameter. The spacers and insulating ring may be made as a
5.3 The difference in results obtained from the sample as
single part as shown in Fig. 3.
received and after heat treatment at 45°C for 30 min can be
6.1.6 Supporting Ring, of oil resistant plastics or other
used to investigate complaints of unsatisfactory performance
suitable non-metallic, non-absorbent, oil-resistant material,
under low temperature conditions.
used to suspend the jacket (see 6.1.3) in a stable and upright
position in the cooling bath and to provide a concentric
6. Apparatus
location for the stopper (see 6.1.7). A design is shown in Fig.
6.1 Manual Apparatus:
4 for guidance, but this design may be modified to suit the
6.1.1 The apparatus, as detailed in 6.1.2-6.1.13, shall be
cooling bath.
arranged as shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.7 Stopper, of oil-resistant plastics or other suitable
6.1.2 Test Jar,cylindrical,ofclearglass,flatbottomed,with
non-metallic, non-absorbent, oil-resistant material, to fit the
aninternaldiameterof31.5 60.5mm,awallthicknessof1.25
test jar and the support ring as shown in Fig. 5. It shall have
60.25 mm and a height of 120 6 5 mm. The jar shall have a
three holes to accommodate the pipet (see 6.1.8) and the
permanent mark at the 45 6 1 mL level.
thermometer (see 6.1.9) and to allow venting of the system. If
NOTE 2—Test jars of the required dimensions may be obtained by
necessary, when using the high-range thermometer (see 6.1.9),
selection from jars conforming to Test Method D2500, which specifies a
wider diameter tolerance.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
as the decimal point. as the decimal point.
FIG. 1 Arrangement of Manual CFPPApparatus FIG. 2 Watertight Brass Jacket
D6371–99
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
as the decimal point.
as the decimal point.
FIG. 5 Stopper with Holes for Thermometer, Pipet, and Vent
FIG. 3 Spacers
149 60.5mmfromthebottomofthepipet(seeFig.6).Itshall
be connected to the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2).
6.1.8.2 A Filter Unit (see Fig. 7), containing the following
elements:
(a) A Brass Body,withathreadedcavitythathousesthewire
mesh holder. The cavity shall be fitted with an O-ring of
oil-resistant plastics. The internal diameter of the central tube
shall be 4 6 0.1 mm;
(b) A Brass Screw Cap,toconnecttheupperpartofthebody
of the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2) to the lower part of the pipet (see
6.1.8.1) to ensure a leak-free joint.An example of satisfactory
connection is shown in Fig. 7.
(c) A Disc,15 6 0.1-mm diameter, of plain weave stainless
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
steel wire mesh gauze with a nominal aperture size of 45 µm.
as the decimal point.
The nominal diameter of the wire shall be 32 µm, and the
FIG. 4 Supporting Ring
tolerance for the size of an individual aperture shall be as
follows:
theupperpartofthestoppershallhaveanindentationtopermit
(1) No aperture size shall exceed the nominal size by more
the thermometer (see 6.1.9 (a)) to be read down to a tempera-
than 22 µm;
ture of -30°C. A pointer shall be fitted to the upper surface of
(2)Theaverageaperturesizeshallbewithin 63.1µmofthe
the stopper to facilitate location of the thermometer in relation
nominal size;
to the bottom of the test jar.Aspring wire clip shall be used to
(3) Not more than 6% of the apertures shall be above the
retain the thermometer in the correct position.
nominal size by more than 13 µm.
6.1.8 Pipet with Filter Unit:
6.1.8.1 A Pipet,, of clear glass with a calibration mark
NOTE 3—TherequirementsforthewiremesharetakenfromISO3310,
correspondingtoacontainedvolumeof20 60.2mLatapoint to which reference may be made for methods for testing the gauze.
D6371–99
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
as the decimal point.
as the decimal point.
FIG. 7 Filter Unit
FIG. 6 Pipet
(d) A Filter Holder of Brass, in which the disc of wire mesh
gauze (see 6.1.8.2 (c)) is firmly clamped by a retaining ring
pressed into the filter holder. The diameter of the exposed part
of the gauze shall be 12 + 0.1 - 0.0 mm (see Fig. 8);
(e) A Brass Cylinder, threaded on the outside, that can be
screwed into the cavity of the body (see 6.1.8.2 (a)) to clamp
the filter holder (see 6.1.8.2 (d)) against the O-ring (6.1.8.2
(a)),The lower end shall have four slots to allow the specimen
to flow into the filter unit.
6.1.9 Thermometers, having ranges shown below and con-
forming to the requirements prescribed in Specification E1 or
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers.
Thermometer Number
Thermometer Temperature Range ASTM IP NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
High-range for CFPP down to −38°C to +50°C 5C 1C
as the decimal point.
−30°C
FIG. 8 Brass Filter Holder
Low-range from CFPP below –80°C to +20°C 6C 2C
−30°C
Cooling bath −80°C to +20°C 6C 2C
6.1.10.3 The bath temperature shall be maintained at the
6.1.10 Cooling Bath:
required value and tolerance by a refrigeration unit or by the
6.1.10.1 The type of cooling bath is optional, but it shall be
use of suitable freezing mixtures, ensuring a homogenous
ofashapeandsizesuitableforcontainingthejacket(see6.1.3)
temperature in the bath by stirring or other means of agitation.
in a stable and upright position at the required depth.
Table 1 lists the bath temperature set-points required in the
6.1.10.2 The bath shall be fitted with a cover with one or
CFPP procedure. If only one bath is utilized, it must have the
more holes in it to accommodate the supporting ring (see
ability to change down to the next lower set-point temperature
6.1.6). The jacket (see 6.1.3) may be permanently mounted in
the cover. in a time period not exceeding 2 min 30 s.
D6371–99
TABLE 1 Cooling Bath Temperatures
9. Preparation of Test Specimen
Expected CFPP Required Cooling Bath Temperature(s)
9.1 Filter approximately 50 mL of the sample (see 8.1) at
Down to −20°C −34 6 0.5°C
laboratory ambient temperature, but in any case not at a
Between −20°C and −35°C −34 6 0.5°C then −51 6 1°C
temperature less than 15°C, through dry filter paper (see 7.3).
Below −35°C −34 6 0.5°C then –51 6 1°C then −67 6 2°C
10. Preparation of Apparatus
10.1 Prepare the manual apparatus or the automated appa-
6.1.11 Stopcock, glass, with double oblique bore of 3-mm
ratus for operation in accordance with the manufacturer’s
diameter.
instructions for calibrating, checking, and operating the equip-
6.1.12 Vacuum Source, vacuum pump or water pump pow-
ment. See Fig. 1 for manual apparatus.
erful enough to ensure an air flow rate in the vacuum regulator
10.2 Before each test, dismantle the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2)
of 15 6 1 L/h for the duration of the test.
and wash the pieces and the test jar (see 6.1.2), the pipet (see
6.1.13 Vacuum Regulator, consisting of a glass bottle, at
6.1.8.1) and the thermometer (see 6.1.9 for manual apparatus
least 350-mm high, not less than 5 L capacity, partially filled
and 6.2 for platinum resistance used in automated equipment)
with water. It shall be closed by a stopper with three holes of
with heptane (see 7.1), then rinse with acetone (see 7.2) and
convenient diameters for glass tubes. Two tubes shall be short
dry in a stream of filtered air. Check the cleanliness and
and shall not go below the water level. The third tube, with an
dryness of all elements, including the jacket (see 6.1.3).
internal diameter of 10 6 1 mm, shall be long enough for one
Examine the wire mesh (see 6.1.8.2(c)) and the joints (see
end to be approximately 200 mm beneath the surface of the
6.1.8.2(a) and 6.1.8.2(b) for damage; if necessary renew them.
water while the other end reaches a few centimetres above the
10.3 Checkthatthescrewcap(see6.1.8.2(b)istightenough
stopper. The depth of the immersed part shall then be adjusted
to prevent leakage.
to obtain a depression of 200 6 1 mm of water (2 6 0.05 kPa)
on the manometer, which shall contain water.Asecond empty
11. Calibration and Standardization
5 L bottle shall be fitted in the line to serve as a vacuum
11.1 Adjust the automated CFPP apparatus (when used) in
reservoir to ensure a constant depression. The arrangement is
shown in Fig. 1. accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
11.2 Calibrate the te
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