ASTM D3161/D3161M-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Most steep slope roofing products that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
5.2 Many factors influence the wind resistance of a steep slope roofing product in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners, both appropriate and inappropriate, that are misaligned or misplaced, or over- or under-driven, and sealant adhesion, if used and functioning. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of products as described in the scope when representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified before testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of many discontinuous, air permeable, steep slope roofing products that results from the product's rigidity, with or without contribution from sealant to help hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or mechanical interlocking, with or without contribution from sealant to help hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or any combination thereof. The products are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the exposed surface of the test specimens. This method does not measure structural performance, and does not provide a measure of uplift resistance. Consequently, this method is not applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or coverings (such as membranes or mechanically seamed metal roof panels).
1.3 This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to acknowledge that the method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the wind resistance of those products for many years by several testing and certification laboratories. Steep slope roofing products that fall under the scope of this test method, in addition to asphalt shingles, are polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles.
1.4 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm [16 in.].
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3161/D3161M −20
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-
1
Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
the wind resistance of many discontinuous, air permeable,
with the standard.
steep slope roofing products that results from the product’s
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rigidity, with or without contribution from sealant to help hold
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
down the leading edge of the tabs, or mechanical interlocking,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
withorwithoutcontributionfromsealanttohelpholddownthe
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
leading edge of the tabs, or any combination thereof. The
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
products are applied to a test panel in accordance with the
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
exposed surface of the test specimens. This method does not
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
measure structural performance, and does not provide a mea-
sure of uplift resistance. Consequently, this method is not
2. Referenced Documents
applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or cov-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
erings (such as membranes or mechanically seamed metal roof
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
panels).
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive
1.3 This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
ofAsphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to
acknowledge that the method is applicable to many other steep
3. Terminology
slope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the wind
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
resistance of those products for many years by several testing
method, refer to Terminology D1079.
and certification laboratories. Steep slope roofing products that
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
fall under the scope of this test method, in addition to asphalt
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep slope roofing products, is
shingles, are polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles,
the bonding that results from the use of sealant.
concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic
shingles.
3.2.2 sealant—asitrelatestosteepsloperoofingproducts,is
defined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed to
1.4 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing
help hold down the leading edge of the tabs.
product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm [16 in.].
3.2.3 sealed—the condition of the products after they are
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
subjected to the conditioning procedure described in 8.2.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2.4 steep slope roofing product, n—a unit having a maxi-
mum width of 1321 mm [52 in.] and a maximum exposure of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
2
Roofing Products and Assemblies. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1972.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2019asD3161/D3161M – 19a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3161_D31
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3161/D3161M − 19a D3161/D3161M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-
1
Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of many discontinuous, air permeable, steep slope
roofing products that results from the product’s rigidity, with or without contribution from sealant to help hold down the leading
edge of the tabs, or mechanical interlocking, with or without contribution from sealant to help hold down the leading edge of the
tabs, or any combination thereof. The products are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and
tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the exposed surface
of the test specimens. This method does not measure structural performance, and does not provide a measure of uplift resistance.
Consequently, this method is not applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or coverings (such as membranes or
mechanically seamed metal roof panels).
1.3 This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to
acknowledge that the method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the wind
resistance of those products for many years by several testing and certification laboratories. Steep slope roofing products that fall
under the scope of this test method, in addition to asphalt shingles, are polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete
tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles.
1.4 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm [16 in.].
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019May 1, 2020. Published November 2019May 2020. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
D3161/D3161M – 19.D3161/D3161M – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/D3161_D3161M-19A.10.1520/D3161_D3161M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3161/D3161M − 20
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep slope roofing pro
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