ASTM D7158/D7158M-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The wind resistance of sealed asphalt shingles is directly related to the ability of the sealed shingle to resist the force of the wind acting to lift the shingle from the shingle below. This test method employs the measured resistance of the shingle to mechanical uplift after sealing under defined conditions, in a calculation which determines whether this resistance exceeds the calculated force induced by wind passing over the surface of the shingle. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; while these conditions were considered, and assumptions that specify higher than actual loads are used, extreme natural variations are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
6.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under driven and interfere with sealing. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. The classification determined in this test method is based on the mechanical uplift resistance determined when representative samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions before testing.
6.3 The calculations that support the classes in 4.1 apply to buildings of any risk category and any roof slope where all of the following conditions are applicable:
(1) The ASCE 7-16 mapped basic wind speed (3-s gust) for a given building risk category does not exceed the wind speed associated with the applicable shingle class in Section 4,
(2) The wind exposure category is B or C,
(3) The mean roof height does not exceed 60 ft, and
(4) There are no topographic wind speed-up effects.
Note 4: The assumptions used in the calculations for the classes in 4.1 cover the requirements for the majority of the asphalt shingle roofs installed. If environmental factors are outside those listed above as used in the calculations for these class...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and sealed under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on interlocking or product rigidity to resist the wind cannot be evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the uplift force exerted on the shingle by the action of wind at a specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift resistance of the shingle. A shingle is determined to be wind resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift force for that velocity (3-s gust, ASCE 7).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7158/D7158M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift
1
Resistance Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7158/D7158M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating 2.1 ASTM Standards:
the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in D228/D228MTest Methods for Sampling, Testing, and
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and sealed Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and
under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
interlocking or product rigidity to resist the wind cannot be D1079Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the D3161/D3161MTest Method for Wind Resistance of Steep
uplift force exerted on the shingle by the action of wind at a Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift D3462/D3462MSpecification for Asphalt Shingles Made
resistance of the shingle. A shingle is determined to be wind from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured D6381/D6381MTest Method for Measurement of Asphalt
uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift force for that Shingle Mechanical Uplift Resistance
3
velocity (3-s gust, ASCE 7). 2.2 ASCE Standards:
ASCE7-16MinimumDesignLoadsandAssociatedCriteria
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
for Buildings and Other Structures
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
ASCE 49-12Wind Tunnel Testing for Buildings and Other
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Structures
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4
2.3 ANSI/UL Standard:
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
ANSI/UL 2390-04Test Method for Wind Resistant Asphalt
with the standard.
Shingles with Sealed Tabs
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this test method, refer
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to Terminology D1079.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,isthe
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
bondingthatresultsfromtheactivationofthesealantunderthe
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
action of time and temperature.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofing Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
andWaterproofingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD08.02onSteep the ASTM website.
3
Roofing Products and Assemblies. Available fromAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
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approvedin2005.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2019asD7158/D7158M–19a. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/D7158_D7158M-20. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7158/D7158M − 20
3.2.2 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,is 5.3 This test method is applicable to any asphalt shingle
defined as factory-applied or field-applied typically asphaltic surfaced with mineral granules where the shingle above is
material designed to seal the shingles to each other under the affixed to the surface of the shingle below with a sealant
action of time and temperature
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7158/D7158M − 19a D7158/D7158M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift
1
Resistance Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7158/D7158M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to Eq 1, Eq X1.15, and to subscripts throughout in February 2020.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions,instructions and sealed under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on interlocking or
product rigidity to resist the wind cannot be evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the uplift force exerted on
the shingle by the action of wind at a specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift resistance of the shingle. A
shingle is determined to be wind resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured uplift resistance exceeds the
calculated uplift force for that velocity (3-s gust, ASCE 7).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D228/D228M Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in
Roofing and Waterproofing
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D3161/D3161M Test Method for Wind Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
D3462/D3462M Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
D6381/D6381M Test Method for Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift Resistance
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019Oct. 1, 2020. Published November 2019October 2020. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
D7158/D7158M – 19.D7158/D7158M – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/D7158_D7158M-19AE01.10.1520/D7158_D7158M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7158/D7158M − 20
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2.2 ASCE Standards:
ASCE 7-16 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
ASCE 49-12 Wind Tunnel Testing for Buildings and Other Structures
4
2.3 ANSI/UL Standard:
ANSI/UL 2390–042390-04 Test Method for Wind Resistant Asphalt Shingles with Sealed Tabs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is the bonding that results from the activation of the sealant under the action of
time and temperature.
3.2.2 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is defined as factory-applied or field-applied typically asphaltic material
designed to seal the shingles to each other under the action of time and temperature after the shingles are applied to
...
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