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ASTM G152-13(2021)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials

Standard Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes associated with the end use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures may include a means to introduce moisture to the test specimen. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight through window glass. Typically, these exposures would include moisture in the form of humidity.
Note 2: Caution: Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.  
5.2 Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. No reference, therefore, shall be made to results from the use of this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the specific operating conditions in conformance with Section 10.  
5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance, a control, be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. It is best practice to use control materials known to have relatively poor and good durability. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statistical evaluation of results.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using open flame carbon-arc light and water apparatus intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.
Note 1: Practice G151 describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practice G23, which describes very specific designs for devices used for carbon-arc exposures. The apparatus described in Practice G23 is covered by this practice.  
1.2 Test specimens are exposed to filtered open flame carbon arc light under controlled environmental conditions. Different filters are described.  
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1. More specific information about methods for determining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in Practice D5870.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of the light source, it shall be carried away from the test specimens and operating personnel by an exhaust system.  
1.6 This practice is technically similar to ISO 4892-4.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2021
ICS
19.040 - Environmental testing
Technical Committee
G03 - Weathering and Durability
Drafting Committee
G03.03 - Simulated and Controlled Exposure Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM G152-13(2021) - Standard Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsASTM G152-13(2021) - Standard Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
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ASTM G152-13(2021) - Standard Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G152 − 13 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for
1
Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G152; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This practice is technically similar to ISO 4892-4.
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
procedures for using open flame carbon-arc light and water
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
apparatus intended to reproduce the weathering effects that
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
use. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number
of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this
2. Referenced Documents
practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for the material to be tested.
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
NOTE 1—Practice G151 describes performance criteria for all exposure 3
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practice
D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of
G23, which describes very specific designs for devices used for carbon-arc
Plastics
exposures. The apparatus described in Practice G23 is covered by this
practice.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Test specimens are exposed to filtered open flame
G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
carbon arc light under controlled environmental conditions.
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
Different filters are described.
3
of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-
covered in methods or specifications for specific materials.
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1.
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-
More specific information about methods for determining the
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
change in properties after exposure and reporting these results
is described in Practice D5870. 2.2 CIE Standard:
CIE-Publ. No. 85: Recommendations for the Integrated
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Irradiance and the Spectral Distribution of Simulated
standard.
4
Solar Radiation for Testing Purposes
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.3 ISO Standards:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO 4892-1 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
Light Sources, Part 1, General Guidance
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ISO 4892-4 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4
Light Sources, Part 4, Open-Flame Carbon Arc Lamp
1.6 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of the
light source, it shall be carried away from the test specimens
and operating personnel by an exhaust system.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G03 on Weathering Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.03 on the ASTM website.
3
Simulated and Controlled Exposure Tests. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally approved www.astm.org.
4
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as G152 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
G0152-13R21. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
...

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ASTM G90-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Results obtained from this practice can be used to compare the relative durability of materials subjected to the specific test cycle used. No accelerated test can be specified as a perfect simulation of natural or field exposures. Results obtained from this practice can be considered as representative of natural weathering only when a sufficient magnitude of mathematical correlation exists between exposures.  
4.2 The acceleration factor relating the rate of degradation in this accelerated exposure to the rate of degradation in a natural weathering exposure varies with the type and formulation of the material. Each material and formulation may respond differently to the increased level of irradiance and differences in temperature and humidity. Thus an acceleration factor determined for one material may not be applicable to other materials. For this reason, the use of a single acceleration factor is not recommended. Also, a different acceleration factor may be obtained by using different mirror types and configurations. Because of variability in test results for both accelerated and natural weathering exposures, results from a sufficient number of tests must be obtained to determine an acceleration factor for a material. Further, the acceleration factor is applicable to only one exposure location because results from natural weathering will vary due to seasonal or annual differences in climatic factors.  
4.3 The relative durability of materials determined by this practice can be used to determine the relative durability of the materials exposed under natural weathering conditions provided the materials have similar acceleration factors. However, even if results from a specific accelerated test condition are found to be useful for comparing the durability of materials exposed in a particular exterior location, it cannot be assumed that they will be useful for determining the relative durability for a different location. The relative durability of materials in n...
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1.1 Linear Fresnel reflector concentrators using the sun as source are utilized in the accelerated outdoor exposure testing of materials.  
1.2 This practice covers a procedure for performing accelerated outdoor exposure testing of materials using a linear Fresnel reflector, accelerated outdoor weathering, test machine. The apparatus (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and guidelines are described herein to minimize the variables encountered during outdoor accelerated exposure testing.    
1.3 This practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the materials to be tested but is limited to the method of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the procedures and certain conditions of the exposure. Sample preparation, test conditions, and evaluation of results are covered in existing methods or specifications for specific materials.  
1.4 The linear Fresnel reflector accelerated outdoor exposure test apparatus described may be suitable for the determination of the relative durability of materials when these materials are exposed to concentrated sunlight, heat, and moisture.  
1.5 This practice establishes uniform sample mounting and in-test maintenance procedures. Also included in the practice are standard provisions for maintenance of the machine and linear Fresnel reflector mirrors to ensure cleanliness and durability.  
1.6 This practice shall apply to specimens whose size meets the dimensions of the target board as described in 8.2.  
1.7 For test machines currently in use, this practice is not recommended for specimens exceeding 13 mm (1/2 in.) in thickness because of specimen cooling.  
1.8 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate...

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ASTM G154-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes consistent with the end use conditions, including the effects of the UV portion of sunlight, moisture, and heat. Typically, these exposures would include moisture in the form of condensing humidity. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight through window glass. (Warning—Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.)  
5.2 This practice provides general procedures for operating fluorescent UV lamp weathering devices that allow for a wide range of exposure conditions. Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use of this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the specific operating conditions in conformance with Section 10.  
5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. Generally, two controls are recommended: one known to have poor durability and one known to have good durability. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statistical evaluation of results.  
5.2.2 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in the same model of apparatus should not be made unless reproducibility has been established among devices for the material to be tested.  
5.2.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different models of apparatus should not be made unless correlation has been established among devices for the material to be tested (see Guide D6631 for guidance).
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1.1 This practice is limited to the basic principles for operating a fluorescent UV lamp and water apparatus; on its own, it does not deliver a specific result.  
1.2 It is intended to be used in conjunction with a practice or method that defines specific exposure conditions for an application along with a means to evaluate changes in material properties. This practice is intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual usage. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure.
Note 1: Practice G151 describes general procedures to be used when exposing nonmetallic materials in accelerated test devices that use laboratory light sources.
Note 2: A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.  
1.3 Test specimens are exposed to fluorescent UV light under controlled environmental conditions. Different types of fluorescent UV lamp sources are described.
Note 3: In this standard, the terms UV light and UV radiation are used interchangeably.  
1.4 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1.
Note 4: General information about methods for determining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in ISO 4582 and Practice D5870.  
1.5 This practice is not intended for corrosion testing of bare metals.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard is technically similar to ISO 4892-3 and ISO 16474-3.  
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ASTM G169-01(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to Weathering Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The correct use of statistics as part of a weathering program can greatly increase the usefulness of results. A basic understanding of statistics is required for the study of weathering performance data. Proper experimental design and statistical analysis strongly enhances decision-making ability. In weathering, there are many uncertainties brought about by exposure variability, method precision and bias, measurement error, and material variability. Statistical analysis is used to help decide which products are better, which test methods are most appropriate to gauge end use performance, and how reliable the results are.  
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1.1 This guide covers elementary statistical methods for the analysis of data common to weathering experiments. The methods are for decision making, in which the experiments are designed to test a hypothesis on a single response variable. The methods work for either natural or laboratory weathering.  
1.2 Only basic statistical methods are presented. There are many additional methods which may or may not be applicable to weathering tests that are not covered in this guide.  
1.3 This guide is not intended to be a manual on statistics, and therefore some general knowledge of basic and intermediate statistics is necessary. The text books referenced at the end of this guide are useful for basic training.  
1.4 This guide does not provide a rigorous treatment of the material. It is intended to be a reference tool for the application of practical statistical methods to real-world problems that arise in the field of durability and weathering. The focus is on the interpretation of results. Many books have been written on introductory statistical concepts and statistical formulas and tables. The reader is referred to these for more detailed information. Examples of the various methods are included. The examples show typical weathering data for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to be representative of specific materials or exposures.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM G7/G7M-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Natural Weathering of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The relative durability of materials in natural exposures can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because of differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, relative humidity, time of wetness, temperature, wet-dry cycling, freeze-thaw cycling, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location. Exposures in several locations with different climates which represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended.  
4.2 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several exposures, repeated over several years are needed to get a representative test result for a given location.  
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1.1 This practice covers procedures to be followed for direct exposure of materials to the environment. Typically, this testing is performed on exposure racks tilted at a commonly-used tilt angle from the horizontal (such as 5 or 45 degrees) and facing the equator. Other exposure orientations can be used.  
1.2 This practice is not intended for the corrosion testing of bare metals, or for testing behind glass.  
1.2.1 For corrosion testing, refer to Practice G50  
1.2.2 For exposures behind glass, refer to Practice G24  
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ASTM G155-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The apparatus exposes specimens to light, heat, and optionally moisture, often to attempt to replicate specimen property changes observed in outdoor and indoor end-use environments. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
5.2 This practice allows a wide range of exposure conditions that may produce significantly different results. Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from its use unless accompanied by a report in conformance with Section 10 detailing the specific operating conditions.  
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5.4 Refer to Practice G151 for cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering apparatus.  
5.5 It is recommended that users follow good laboratory practices in order to reduce variability in exposures (1).8
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1.1 This practice is limited to the basic principles and procedures for operating a xenon arc lamp and water apparatus; on its own, it does not deliver a specific result.  
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Standard Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes associated with the end use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures may include a means to introduce moisture to the test specimen. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight through window glass. Typically, these exposures would include moisture in the form of humidity.
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1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using enclosed carbon-arc light and water apparatus intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.
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1.2 Test specimens are exposed to enclosed carbon arc light under controlled environmental conditions.  
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in various methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1. More specific information about methods for determining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in ISO 4582.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of the light source, it shall be carried away from the test specimens and operating personnel by an exhaust system.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolants by Automatic Phase Transition Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The freezing point of an engine coolant indicates the coolant freeze protection.  
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5.4 This test method provides results that are equivalent to Test Method D1177 and expresses results to the nearest 0.1 °C with improved reproducibility over Test Method D1177.  
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5.6 This test method removes most of the operator time and judgement required by Test Method D1177.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinetic parameters combined with the general rate law and the reaction enthalpy can be used for the determination of thermal hazard using Practice E1231  (1).4
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Results obtained from this practice can be used to compare the relative durability of materials subjected to the specific test cycle used. No accelerated test can be specified as a perfect simulation of natural or field exposures. Results obtained from this practice can be considered as representative of natural weathering only when a sufficient magnitude of mathematical correlation exists between exposures.  
4.2 The acceleration factor relating the rate of degradation in this accelerated exposure to the rate of degradation in a natural weathering exposure varies with the type and formulation of the material. Each material and formulation may respond differently to the increased level of irradiance and differences in temperature and humidity. Thus an acceleration factor determined for one material may not be applicable to other materials. For this reason, the use of a single acceleration factor is not recommended. Also, a different acceleration factor may be obtained by using different mirror types and configurations. Because of variability in test results for both accelerated and natural weathering exposures, results from a sufficient number of tests must be obtained to determine an acceleration factor for a material. Further, the acceleration factor is applicable to only one exposure location because results from natural weathering will vary due to seasonal or annual differences in climatic factors.  
4.3 The relative durability of materials determined by this practice can be used to determine the relative durability of the materials exposed under natural weathering conditions provided the materials have similar acceleration factors. However, even if results from a specific accelerated test condition are found to be useful for comparing the durability of materials exposed in a particular exterior location, it cannot be assumed that they will be useful for determining the relative durability for a different location. The relative durability of materials in n...
SCOPE
1.1 Linear Fresnel reflector concentrators using the sun as source are utilized in the accelerated outdoor exposure testing of materials.  
1.2 This practice covers a procedure for performing accelerated outdoor exposure testing of materials using a linear Fresnel reflector, accelerated outdoor weathering, test machine. The apparatus (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and guidelines are described herein to minimize the variables encountered during outdoor accelerated exposure testing.    
1.3 This practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the materials to be tested but is limited to the method of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the procedures and certain conditions of the exposure. Sample preparation, test conditions, and evaluation of results are covered in existing methods or specifications for specific materials.  
1.4 The linear Fresnel reflector accelerated outdoor exposure test apparatus described may be suitable for the determination of the relative durability of materials when these materials are exposed to concentrated sunlight, heat, and moisture.  
1.5 This practice establishes uniform sample mounting and in-test maintenance procedures. Also included in the practice are standard provisions for maintenance of the machine and linear Fresnel reflector mirrors to ensure cleanliness and durability.  
1.6 This practice shall apply to specimens whose size meets the dimensions of the target board as described in 8.2.  
1.7 For test machines currently in use, this practice is not recommended for specimens exceeding 13 mm (1/2 in.) in thickness because of specimen cooling.  
1.8 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate...

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ASTM
ASTM E324-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Initial and Final Melting Points and the Melting Range of Organic Chemicals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It has long been recognized that narrow melting range and high final melting point are good indications of high purity in crystalline organic compounds. Several ASTM test methods use these criteria to assay the purity of organic compounds (Note 1).
Note 1: Other ASTM test methods using melting (or freezing point) data to indicate sample purity are Test Methods D852 and D6875.  
5.2 The relatively simple and rapid test prescribed in this test method shows the sample under test to be either more or less pure than the standard sample. For specification purposes, a minimum allowable purity can be assured by setting limits on the differences in final melting points and the melting ranges between the standard sample and the sample under test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by a capillary tube method, of the initial melting point and the final melting point, which define the melting range, of samples of organic chemicals whose melting points without decomposition fall between 30 °C and 250 °C.  
1.2 This test method is applicable only to crystalline materials that are sufficiently stable in storage to met the requirements of a satisfactory standard sample as defined in Section 7.  
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to opaque materials or to noncrystalline materials such as waxes, fats, and fatty acids.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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