ASTM D7584-16

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Resistance of the Surface of Wet Blue and Wet White to the Growth of Fungi in an Environmental Chamber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The environmental chamber method is an accelerated test for determining the resistance of Wet Blue and Wet White to the growth of fungi, the causal agent of mold. See Test Method D3273.3,4  
6.2 The environmental chamber method is useful in estimating the performance of fungicides and should assist in the prediction of storage time before fungal growth begins.  
6.3 The environmental chamber method duplicates the natural environment in which Wet Blue or Wet White is inoculated with fungal spores and subsequently disfigured or discolored by fungi.  
6.4 The environmental chamber method measures the resistance of the treated Wet Blue or Wet White to the germination of spores and subsequent vegetative growth that spreads over the surface of a comparatively large Wet Blue or Wet White specimen over a period of four weeks.  
6.5 The environmental chamber can be kept inoculated with fungi representative of those found in tanneries by adding samples of Wet Blue and Wet White with fungal growth from currently operating tanneries.  
6.6 Control specimens of Wet Blue and Wet White without fungicide treatment can be added to the chamber periodically to increase levels of fungal growth in the chamber.  
6.7 Leaching of fungicide from the test specimen into the agar often causes a zone of inhibition of fungal growth in the Petri dish test, but in the environmental chamber any leaching of fungicide from the test specimen drips into the water contained in the chamber and thus does not cause the types of false readings observed in the Petri dish test.
SCOPE
1.1 This environmental chamber method measures the resistance of the treated Wet Blue and Wet White to the germination of spores and subsequent vegetative growth over a period of four weeks. The test method is useful in estimating the performance of fungicides and should assist in the prediction of storage time of Wet Blue and Wet White before fungal growth begins. The apparatus is designed so it can be easily built or obtained by any interested party and duplicate the natural environment in which Wet Blue and Wet White is inoculated with fungal spores. Spores that germinate on untreated or treated Wet Blue and Wet White can produce fungal growth, resulting in disfigurement or discoloration, or both, of the Wet Blue and Wet White.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2016
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.02 - Wet Blue

Standards Content (Sample)

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Designation: D7584 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Resistance of the Surface of Wet Blue and
Wet White to the Growth of Fungi in an Environmental
1
Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7584; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This environmental chamber method measures the re-
3. Terminology
sistance of the treated Wet Blue and Wet White to the
germinationofsporesandsubsequentvegetativegrowthovera
3.1 Definitions:
period of four weeks. The test method is useful in estimating 3.1.1 fungi—chemoorganotrophic eukaryotic organisms liv-
the performance of fungicides and should assist in the predic-
ing mainly under aerobic conditions and generating energy by
tion of storage time of Wet Blue and Wet White before fungal the oxidation of organic materials.
growth begins. The apparatus is designed so it can be easily
3.1.2 mold—a macroscopic discoloration of the surface of
built or obtained by any interested party and duplicate the
wet blue. Mold also a sign of the presence of microscopic
natural environment in which Wet Blue and Wet White is
fungal growth in the form of usually clear to white fungal
inoculated with fungal spores. Spores that germinate on un-
hyphae, spores of various colors, and other structures. Colored
treated or treated Wet Blue and Wet White can produce fungal
spots, probably due to the presence of a colored pigment
growth, resulting in disfigurement or discoloration, or both, of
produced by the fungus, have been observed on the surface of
the Wet Blue and Wet White.
wet blue in places where fungal growth has occurred and then
stopped. Fungal structures such as hyphae and spores may be
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this viewed by simply using a 10× hand lens.
standard.
3.1.3 Wet Blue—hide or skin, or split of a hide or skin,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the tanned with basic chromium sulfate, containing approximately
50% moisture and an acidic pH.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 Wet White—hide or skin that has been processed with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tanning as the terminal step by using organic or non-organic
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tanning agents. Chromium or iron containing agents and
vegetable extracts will be excluded from use in Wet White.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.5 Fungi of Importance in the Tannery:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5.1 Filamentous Fungi:
D3273TestMethodforResistancetoGrowthofMoldonthe
(1)A wide variety of fungi have been identified in the
Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-
tannery, but commonly encountered species include Aspergil-
ber
lus spp., Paecilomyces spp., and Penicillium spp.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
(2)Aspergillus niger produces black spores and Penicil-
ASTM Test Methods
lium luteum produces yellow-green colored spores.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
(3)Trichoderma viride produces green spores.
3.1.5.2 Yeast—Many yeasts are cream colored, but pig-
mented ones may also be encountered including Rhodotorula
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD31onLeather
spp. which is pigmented red.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.
3.1.5.3 Factors Favoring the Growth of Fungi in the Tan-
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
nery:
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7584 – 10(2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D7584-16.
(1)Wet Blue andWetWhite contain nutrients beneficial to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fungal growth.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
(2)Favorable environmental factors include a slightly
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. acidic pH, a high moisture content, and warm temperatures.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7584 − 16
(3)Fungal spores are transported by air or on hides and growth and rated using a numerical scale from 10 (clean or
skins into the tannery and distributed within the tannery by withoutanysignoffungalgrowth)to0(completelycoveredb
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7584 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) D7584 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Resistance of the Surface of Wet Blue and
Wet White to the Growth of Fungi in an Environmental
1
Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7584; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This environmental chamber method measures the resistance of the treated wet blue Wet Blue and Wet White to the
germination of spores and subsequent vegetative growth over a period of four weeks. The test method is useful in estimating the
performance of fungicides and should assist in the prediction of storage time of wet blue Wet Blue and Wet White before fungal
growth begins. The apparatus is designed so it can be easily built or obtained by any interested party and duplicate the natural
environment in which wet blue Wet Blue and Wet White is inoculated with fungal spores. Spores that germinate on untreated or
treated wet blue Wet Blue and Wet White can produce fungal growth, resulting in disfigurement or discoloration, or both, of the
wet blue.Wet Blue and Wet White.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Chamber
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 wet blue—hide or skin, or split of a hide or skin, tanned with basic chromium sulfate, containing approximately 50 %
moisture and an acidic pH.
3.1.1 fungi—chemoorganotrophic eukaryotic organisms living mainly under aerobic conditions and generating energy by the
oxidation of organic materials.
3.1.2 mold—a macroscopic discoloration of the surface of wet blue. Mold also a sign of the presence of microscopic fungal
growth in the form of usually clear to white fungal hyphae, spores of various colors, and other structures. Colored spots, probably
due to the presence of a colored pigment produced by the fungus, have been observed on the surface of wet blue in places where
fungal growth has occurred and then stopped. Fungal structures such as hyphae and spores may be viewed by simply using a 10×
hand lens.
3.1.3 Wet Blue—hide or skin, or split of a hide or skin, tanned with basic chromium sulfate, containing approximately 50 %
moisture and an acidic pH.
3.1.4 Wet White—hide or skin that has been processed with tanning as the terminal step by using organic or non-organic tanning
agents. Chromium or iron containing agents and vegetable extracts will be excluded from use in Wet White.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015June 1, 2016. Published December 2015June 2016. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
D7584 – 10.10(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D7584-10R15.10.1520/D7584-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7584 − 16
3.1.5 Fungi of Importance in the Tannery:
3.1.5.1 Filamentous Fungi:
(1) A wide variety of fungi have been identified in the tannery, but commonly encountered species include Aspergillus spp.,
Paecilomyces spp., and Penicillium spp.
(2) Aspergillus niger produces black spores and Penicillium luteum produces yellow-green colored spores.
(3) Trichoderma viride produces green spores.
3.1.5.2 Yeast—Many yeasts are cream co
...