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ASTM D5072-09e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Radon in Drinking Water

Standard Test Method for Radon in Drinking Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most prevalent of the radon isotopes in ground water is 222Rn. This isotope presents the greatest health risk compared to the other naturally occurring radon isotopes if ingested via the water pathway.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of radon in drinking water in concentrations above 2 Bq/L.  
1.2 This test method may be used for absolute measurements by calibrating with a 226Ra standard or for relative measurements by comparing the measurements made with each other.  
1.3 This test method is used successfully with drinking water samples and Type III reagent water conforming to Specification D1193. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2009
ICS
13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.04 - Methods of Radiochemical Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5072-09 - Standard Test Method for Radon in Drinking Water
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D5072-09(2016) - Standard Test Method for Radon in Drinking Water
Effective Date
01-Feb-2016

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ASTM D5072-09e1 - Standard Test Method for Radon in Drinking Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D5072 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Radon in Drinking Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in May 2014.
1. Scope D4448GuideforSamplingGround-WaterMonitoringWells
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of radon in
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
drinking water in concentrations above 2 Bq/L.
D6001Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for
1.2 This test method may be used for absolute measure-
Environmental Site Characterization
226
ments by calibrating with a Ra standard or for relative
D7282Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
measurements by comparing the measurements made with
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
each other.
2.2 Other Documents:
1.3 This test method is used successfully with drinking Multi-Agency Radiological LaboratoryAnalytical Protocols
Manual EPA402-B-04-001A, NUREG1576, NTIS
water samples and Type III reagent water conforming to
SpecificationD1193.Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytoensurethe PB2004-105421, July 2004.
validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
method, refer to Terminology D1129. For terms not defined in
standard.
this test method or in Terminology D1129, reference may be
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety
made to other published glossaries.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
4. Summary of Test Method
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
4.1 This test method is based on the scintillation counting
limitations prior to use.
222
of Rn and its progeny.
4.2 Inaglassliquidscintillationvial,analiquotofunaerated
2. Referenced Documents
2 water is drawn into a syringe then gently injected beneath 10
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mL of a suitable liquid scintillation cocktail that does not
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
contain an emulsifier. The vials are capped, shaken, and
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
allowed to stand 3 hours prior to counting to permit dark
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
adaptation and buildup of short-lived radon progeny. Radon-
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
222 contained in the sample is selectively partitioned into the
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
scintillation cocktail. The sample is counted using a liquid
D3648Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
222
scintillation counting system optimized for detection of Rn
D3856Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
activity.
Engaged in Analysis of Water
5. Significance and Use
1 5.1 The most prevalent of the radon isotopes in ground
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
222
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi- water is Rn. This isotope presents the greatest health risk
cal Analysis.
compared to the other naturally occurring radon isotopes if
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
ingested via the water pathway.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 a D5072–98 which was
withdrawn November 2008 and reinstated in March 2009. DOI: 10.1520/D5072-
6. Interferences
09E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Other radionuclides soluble in the scintillation cocktail
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
may interfere. High energy beta/gamma emitters, even though
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. theyarenotsolubleinthescintillationmix,mayalsointerfere.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D5072 − 09
These interferences will cause a high bias if present in a 10. Sampling
NOTE1—RefertoPracticesD3370forapplicablesamplinginstructions.
significant quantity. These interferences would be rare in
5
Also see U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports EPA 520 and
drinking water samples but may be observed in some cases.
6
EPA 600 .
6.2 Areduced or increased
...

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4.1 Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant effluent waters, water for food and beverage processing, and for a large number of other water dependent manufacturing processes. Removal of suspended matter is accomplished by coagulation, settling, and filtration. Measurement of turbidity provides a rapid means of process control to determine when, how, and to what extent the water must be treated to meet specifications.  
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1.1 This test method covers the on-line and in-line determination of high-level turbidity in water that is greater than 1.0 turbidity units (TU) in municipal, industrial and environmental usage.  
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5.1 Turbidity is monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of aquatic environments and to determine the impact of environmental events such as storms, floods, runoff, etc. Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant-effluent waters, water for food and beverage production, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Turbidity is often reduced by coagulation, sedimentation and water filtration. The measurement of turbidity may indicate the presence of particle-bound contaminants and is vital for monitoring the completion of a particle-waste settling process. Significant uses of turbidity measurements include:  
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1.1 This test method covers the in-situ field measurements of turbidity in surface water. The measurement range is greater than 1 TU and the lesser of 10 000 TU or the maximum measurable TU value specified by the turbidimeter manufacturer.  
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4.1 These test methods are applicable for such purposes as impurity detection and, in some cases, the quantitative measurement of ionic constituents dissolved in waters. These include dissolved electrolytes in natural and treated waters, such as boiler water, boiler feedwater, cooling water, and saline and brackish water.  
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Range  
Sections  
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10 to 200 000  
12 to 18  
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Test Method B—Continuous In-Line Measure  
5 to 200 000  
19 to 23  
ment  
μS/cm  
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1.3 For measurements below the range of these test methods, refer to Test Method D5391.  
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This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential. ORP is defined as the electromotive force between a noble metal electrode and a reference electrode when immersed in a solution. The ORP electrodes are inert and measure the ratio of the activities of the oxidized to the reduced species present. In addition, the ORP electrodes reliably measure ORP in nearly all aqueous solutions and in general are not subject to solution interference from color, turbidity, colloidal matter, and suspended matter. The apparatus to be used in the measurement of ORP includes: pH meter, reference electrode, oxidation-reduction electrode and electrode assembly. Materials necessary in the procedure for ORP measurement include chemical reagents, aqua regia, water, buffer standard salts, phthalate reference buffer solution, phosphate reference buffer solution, chromic acid cleaning solution, detergent, nitric acid, redox standard solution or ferrous-ferric reference solution, and redox reference quinhydrone solutions.
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1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. It does not deal with the manner in which the solutions are prepared, the theoretical interpretation of the oxidation-reduction potential, or the establishment of a standard oxidation-reduction potential for any given system. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential.  
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1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern.  
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures to specific problems.  
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Sections  
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8  
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9  
Dissolving the Analytical Sample  
10  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific warning statement, see Note 2.  
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5.1 Fe-55 is formed in reactor coolant systems of nuclear reactors by activation of stable iron. The 55Fe is not completely removed by waste processing systems and some is released to the environment by means of normal waste liquid discharges. Power plants are required to monitor these discharges for 55Fe as well as other radionuclides.  
5.2 This technique effectively removes other activation and fission products such as isotopes of iodine, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and cesium by the addition of hold-back carriers and an anion exchange technique. The fission products (zirconium-95 and niobium-95) are selectively eluted with hydrochloric-hydrofluoric acid washes. The iron is finally separated from Zn+2 by precipitation of FePO4 at a pH of 3.0.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 55Fe in the presence of 59Fe by liquid scintillation counting. The a-priori minimum detectable concentration for this test method is 7.4 Bq/L.2  
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1.3 This test method was used successfully with Type III reagent water conforming to Specification D1193. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for 99Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk

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5.1 This test method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Test method suitability should be determined on specific waters of interest.
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1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate 99Tc from environmental water (non-process-related or effluent water samples). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.  
1.2 This test method is designed to measure 99Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre sample.  
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of radioactive 90Sr in environmental water samples (for example, non-process and effluent waters) in the range of 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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