ASTM D7168-21

Standard Test Method for ⁹⁹Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Test method suitability should be determined on specific waters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate 99Tc from environmental water (non-process-related or effluent water samples). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.  
1.2 This test method is designed to measure 99Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre sample.  
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2021
• ICS: 13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.04 - Methods of Radiochemical Analysis

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D7902-20 - Standard Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7168 − 21
Standard Test Method for
99 1
Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction
99 Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
(SPE) procedure to separate Tc from environmental water
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process
(non-process-relatedoreffluentwatersamples).Technetium-99
Streams
beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.
D4448Guide for Sampling Ground-Water MonitoringWells
99
1.2 This test method is designed to measure Tc in the
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L(1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
one litre sample.
D6001Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for
Environmental Site Characterization
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap
water.Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidityofthis D7282Practice for Setup, Calibration, and Quality Control
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of
untested matrices. D7902Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
D8026Practice for Determination of Tc-99 in Water by
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-
samples using Practice D8026.
MS)
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
3. Terminology
information only and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
TerminologiesD7902andD1129.Fortermsnotdefinedinthis
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
testmethodorinTerminologiesD1129orD7902,refertoother
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3
published glossaries.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4.1 Ameasuredaliquantofsampleistransferredtoabeaker.
Hydrogen peroxide is added to facilitate the formation of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- extractable pertechnetate ion. The sample may be heated to
oxidize organics if such are suspected to be present.The entire
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. sampleispassedthroughatechnetium-selectiveSPEdiskonto
which the pertechnetate is adsorbed. The disk is transferred to
2. Referenced Documents
a liquid scintillation vial, cocktail added, and the contents well
2
mixed. The beta emission rate of the sample is determined by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129Terminology Relating to Water liquid scintillation spectrometry. Chemical yield corrections
are determined by the method of standard additions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
4.2 Minor differences in processing between Extraction
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi-
Chromatographic Resin Discs and PTFE Membrane Disks are
cal Analysis.
addressed in Variations A and B of the test method.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2021. Published December 2022. Originally
published in 2005. Last previous edition published 2016 as D7168 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/D7168-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM American National Standard Glossary of Terms,” Nuclear Science and Tech-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on nology (ANSI N1.1), American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New
the ASTM website. York, NY 10018.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7168 − 16 D7168 − 21
Standard Test Method for
99 1
Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
99
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate Tc from environmental water (non-process-
related or effluent water samples). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.
99
1.2 This test method is designed to measure Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre
sample.
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test
method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process Streams
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Dec. 15, 2021. Published November 2016December 2022. Originally published in 2005. Last previous edition published 20112016
ε1
as D7168 – 1116. . DOI: 10.1520/D7168-16.10.1520/D7168-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7168 − 21
D7282 Practice for Setup, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
D8026 Practice for Determination of Tc-99 in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminologies D7902 and D1129. For terms not defined in this test
3
method or in Terminologies D1129. or D7902, refer to other published glossaries.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A measured aliquant of sample is transferred to a beaker. Hydrogen peroxide is added to facilitate the formation of the
extractable pertechnetate ion. The sample may be heated to oxidize organics if such are suspected to be present. The entire sample
is passed through a technetium-selective SPE disk onto which the pertechnetate is adsorbed. The disk is transferred to a liquid
scintillation vial, cocktail added, and the contents well mixed. The beta emission rate of the sample is determined by liquid
scintillation spectrometry. Chemical yield corrections are determined by the method of standard additions.
4.2 Minor differences in processing between Extr
...