ASTM A178/A178M-02

Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness, electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.
Note 1—Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge welding.
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1/2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation of this specification is specified in the order.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2002
• ICS: 23.040.10 - Iron and steel pipes
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.09 - Carbon Steel Tubular Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A178/A178M-95(2000) - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM A178/A178M-02(2007) - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F1155-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Piping System Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A450/A450M-21 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F2014-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Extruded Tee Connections for Piping Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F2015-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Lap Joint Flange Pipe End Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 178/A 178M – 02
Standard Specification for
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-
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Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 178/A 178M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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1. Scope* Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes
2 E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness,
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and Tubing
electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and
E 273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Longitudinal
carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler
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Welded Pipe and Tubing
flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.
NOTE 1—Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge 3. Ordering Information
welding.
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
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this specification are ⁄2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside
material adequately:
diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
minimum wall thickness.Tubing having other dimensions may
3.1.2 Name of material (electric-resistance-welded tubes),
be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other
3.1.3 Grade (A, C, or D, Table 1),
requirements of this specification.
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
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tubing smaller than ⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015
3.1.6 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 7;
in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
crush test, Section 10; hydrostatic or nondestructive electric
1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and
test, 11.6),
when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
3.1.7 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi-
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
cation A 450/A 450M),
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.8 Specification designation,
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
3.1.9 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
and
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3.1.10 Special requirements.
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
4. Manufacture
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
designation of this specification is specified in the order. 4.1 The steel for Grade D shall be killed.
4.2 Tubes shall be made by electric-resistance welding.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Heat Treatment
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 450/A 450M Specification for General Requirements for
5.1 After welding, all tubes shall be heat treated at a
temperature of 1650°F [900°C] or higher and followed by
cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled-
atmosphere furnace. Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
after the final cold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200°F
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
[650°C] or higher.
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally
published as A 178 – 35 T. Last previous edition A 178/A 178M –95 (2002).
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For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
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cation SA-178 in Section II of that Code. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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A 178/A 178M – 02
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements NOTE 3—Explanatory Note—For purposes of design the following
tensile properties may be assumed for Grade A tubes:
Composition, %
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 47 [325]
Grade A, Grade C, Grade D, Carbon-
Element
Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa] 26 [180]
Low-Carbon Medium- Man-
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 35
Steel Carbon Steel ganese Steel
Carbon 0.06–0.18 0.35 max 0.27 max
10. Crush Test
Manganese 0.27–0.63 0.80 max 1.00–1.50
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035 0.030
10.1 When required by the purchaser, crushing tests sha
...