ASTM D880-92(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The impact test has been found useful in laboratory simulation of impacts such as those encountered in manual and mechanical handling and transportation. The impact test simulates some types of shocks that could occur in the handling of packages or shipping units and helps evaluate the ability of the package to protect the contents against these shocks. The test may also permit observation of progressive failure of a package and damage to the contents.
The test results within a given laboratory using this test method may be useful for evaluating and comparing packages. However, because of the variability of test machines that have been used in the past, especially the impact surface (backstop), it has been found that interlaboratory correlation of test results has been poor.
These procedures are not intended to simulate rail car coupling environment. Refer to Test Method D 4003 and Test Methods D 5277.
This test method fulfills the requirement of ISO 2244.
Note 1—ISO 2244 may not meet the requirements for this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for conducting impact tests on loaded containers or shipping units (pallet loads), as follows:
1.1.1 Procedure A to test the ability of a container or shipping unit to withstand impacts, and
1.1.2 Procedure B to test the ability of a container or shipping unit or interior packing, or both, to provide protection to the contents, when subjected to impacts.
1.2 Either of these two procedures may be used to evaluate different designs of containers of the same size and carrying the same load. These procedures are suitable for testing various types of containers such as boxes, crates, barrels, drums, kegs, bags, sacks, or pails made of various materials or combinations of materials and for shipping units such as pallet loads or palletized units.
1.3 The procedures described in this test method are particularly suitable for testing large or heavily loaded containers.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1 and Section 7.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D880–92 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
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Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for conducting
D 5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizon-
impact tests on loaded containers or shipping units (pallet
tal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
loads), as follows:
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
1.1.1 Procedure A, to test the ability of a container or
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
shipping unit to withstand impacts, and
Characteristic of a Lot or Process
1.1.2 Procedure B, to test the ability of a container or
2.2 ISO Standard:
shipping unit or interior packing, or both, to provide protection
ISO 2244 Horizontal Impact Test (Horizontal or Incline
to the contents, when subjected to impacts.
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Plane Test: Pendulum Test)
1.2 Either of these two procedures may be used to evaluate
differentdesignsofcontainersofthesamesizeandcarryingthe
3. Terminology
same load. These procedures are suitable for testing various
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms applicable to this
types of containers such as boxes, crates, barrels, drums, kegs,
test method see Terminology D 996.
bags, sacks, or pails made of various materials or combinations
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of materials and for shipping units such as pallet loads or
3.2.1 hazard— removable solid object of any size or shape
palletized units.
placed on an impact surface (backstop) so as to contact a test
1.3 The procedures described in this test method are par-
specimen at any desired location during the impact of the
ticularly suitable for testing large or heavily loaded containers.
specimen into the impact surface (backstop).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
4. Summary of Test Method
information only.
4.1 An apparatus having a guided carriage capable of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
holding a test container or shipping unit impacts into a rigid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
impact surface (backstop) with or without hazards at a prede-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
termined impact velocity. When testing the ability of a con-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tainer or shipping unit to withstand impact (Procedure A)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
multiple tests with the same impact velocity or increasing
tionary statements are given in Note 1 and Section 7.
impact velocities may be conducted until failure occurs. When
testing the ability of the container, shipping unit, or interior
2. Referenced Documents
2 packing, or combination thereof, to provide protection to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
contents (Procedure B), a predetermined number of impacts, at
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
predetermined velocities, are applied and the container(s) and
ments
contents are then inspected.
D 4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The impact test has been found useful in laboratory
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simulation of impacts such as those encountered in manual and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Handling and
mechanical handling and transportation. The impact test simu-
Transportation.
lates some types of shocks that could occur in the handling of
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1992. Published November 1992. Originally
packages or shipping units and helps evaluate the ability of the
published as D 880 – 68. Last previous edition D 880 – 86.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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the ASTM website. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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D880–92 (2002)
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