ASTM D4429-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place
Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Field in-place CBR tests are used for evaluation and design of flexible pavement components such as base and subbase course and subgrades and for other applications (such as unsurfaced roads) for which CBR is the desired strength parameter. If the field CBR is to be used directly for evaluation or design without consideration for variation due to change in water content, the test should be conducted under one of the following conditions: (a) when the degree of saturation (percentage of voids filled with water) is 80 % or greater, (b) when the material is coarse grained and cohesionless so that it is not significantly affected by changes in water content, or ( c) when the soil has not been modified by construction activities during the two years preceding the test. In the last-named case, the water content does not actually become constant, but generally fluctuates within a rather narrow range. Therefore, the field in-place test data may be used to satisfactorily indicate the average load-carrying capacity.
Any construction activities, such as grading or compacting, carried out subsequent to the bearing ratio test will probably invalidate the results of the test.
Soils and flexible pavement components at the same location may exhibit significantly different load deflection relationships. No method presently exists to evaluate the precision of a group of non-repetitive plate load tests on soils and flexible pavement components due to the variability of these materials.
Note 1—Field in-place tests are used to determine the relative strength of soils, subbase, and some base materials in the condition at which they exist at the time of testing. Such results have direct application in test section work and in some expedient construction, military, or similar operations. Also, as indicated in 4.1, field in-place tests can be used for design under conditions of nominal stability of water, density, and general characteristics of the material tested. However, any signi...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil tested in place by the penetration load of the soil. This test method covers the evaluation of the relative quality of subgrade soils, but is applicable to subbase and some base-course materials. This test method is designed to test in-situ materials and corresponds to Test Method D 1883.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 In the engineering profession it is customary to use units representing both mass and force interchangeably, unless dynamic calculations are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This test method has been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, conversions are given in the SI System. The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft3 should not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material...
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Designation:D4429–09
Standard Test Method for
1
CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4429; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* ation for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digit of reported data to be
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Cali-
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
fornia Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil tested in place by the
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
penetration load of the soil. This test method covers the
methods or engineering design.
evaluation of the relative quality of subgrade soils, but is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
applicabletosubbaseandsomebase-coursematerials.Thistest
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
method is designed to test in-situ materials and corresponds to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Test Method D1883.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
2. Referenced Documents
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
with the standard.
Fluids
1.2.1 In the engineering profession it is customary to use
D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
units representing both mass and force interchangeably, unless
Place by Sand-Cone Method
dynamic calculations are involved. This implicitly combines
D1883 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of
two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to
D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
combinetheuseoftwoseparatesetsofinch-poundunitswithin
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
a single standard. This test method has been written using the
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-
gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound
ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
system.Inthissystem,thepound(lbf)representsaunitofforce
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
(weight). However, conversions are given in the SI System.
Drive-Cylinder Method
The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm),
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
or the recording of density in lbm/ft3 should not be regarded as
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
nonconformance with this test method.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D6026 PracticeforUsingSignificantDigitsinGeotechnical
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Data
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
D6780 Test Method for Water Content and Density of Soil
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
in Place by Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
D6938 TestMethodforIn-PlaceDensityandWaterContent
industry standard. In addition they are representative of the
of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
Depth)
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: All definitions are in accordance with Ter-
minology D653.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
2
Construction Control Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4429 – 04. DOI: Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4429-09. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM Internation
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4429 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4429; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil tested in place by the penetration
load of the soil. This test method covers the evaluation of the relative quality of subgrade soils, but is applicable to subbase and
some base-course materials. This test method is designed to test in-situ materials and corresponds to Test Method D1883.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 In the engineering profession it is customary to use units representing both mass and force interchangeably, unless
dynamic calculations are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the
gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
standard. This test method has been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In
this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, conversions are given in the SI System. The use of
balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft3 should not be regarded as
nonconformance with this test method.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consideration for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digit of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods or engineering design.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone Method
D1883 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D6780 Test Method for Water Content and Density of Soil in Place by Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
D6938 Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRockandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.08onSpecialandConstruction
Control Tests.
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4429 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/D4429-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@as
...
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