ASTM D5422-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Properties of Thermoplastic Materials by Screw-Extrusion Capillary Rheometer
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Properties of Thermoplastic Materials by Screw-Extrusion Capillary Rheometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the characterization of thermoplastics and thermoplastic compounds, in terms of viscosity, or resistance to flow.
5.2 The data produced by this test method has been found useful in both quality-control testing and compound development. However, direct correlation with factory conditions is not implied.
5.3 Flow-performance data permits quality control of incoming thermoplastics and thermoplastic compounds because the flow parameters are sensitive to molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution. Therefore, this test method may distinguish differences between lots.
5.4 The shear viscosity or flow viscosity of thermoplastics and thermoplastic compounds will not only be sensitive to the raw-polymer molecular properties, but will also be affected by the type and amount of filler, additive, plasticizer, or stabilizer, by the type of copolymer blend, and by the addition of other compounding materials. This test method can serve as a quality-control tool for either incoming materials or for in-house quality-assurance checks on production mixing. This test method is useful to the research and development of new products in that the rheological behavior of a yet uncharacterized thermoplastic or thermoplastic compound can be measured and considered for comparative analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of a screw-extrusion-type capillary rheometer for the measurement of flow properties of thermoplastics and thermoplastic compounds. The measured flow properties, which are obtained through laboratory investigation, may help to describe the material behavior that occurs in factory processing.
1.2 Since a screw-type capillary rheometer imparts shear energy to the material during testing, the measurements will usually differ from those obtained with a piston-type capillary rheometer (see Test Method D3835).
1.3 Capillary rheometer measurements for thermoplastics and thermoplastic compounds are described in Test Method D3835.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. The scope of this standard is mentioned in ISO 11443:2014, Plastics—Determination of the fluidity of plastics using capillary and slit-die rheometers,” Annex C, “Uncertainties in the determination of shear viscosity by capillary extrusion.”
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5422 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Properties of Thermoplastic Materials by
1
Screw-Extrusion Capillary Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method uses capillary rheometry to measure the rheological properties of thermoplastics
and thermoplastic compounds. This test method utilizes a screw-extrusion-type capillary rheometer.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the use of a screw-extrusion-
type capillary rheometer for the measurement of flow proper-
2. Referenced Documents
ties of thermoplastics and thermoplastic compounds. The
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measured flow properties, which are obtained through labora-
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
tory investigation, may help to describe the material behavior
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
that occurs in factory processing.
D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
1.2 Since a screw-type capillary rheometer imparts shear
by Extrusion Plastometer
energy to the material during testing, the measurements will
D3835Test Method for Determination of Properties of
usually differ from those obtained with a piston-type capillary
Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
rheometer (see Test Method D3835).
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 Capillary rheometer measurements for thermoplastics
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
and thermoplastic compounds are described in Test Method
D3835. 3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions: (See Terminology D883):
standard. 3.1.1 apparent shear rate (γ˙ )—shear strain rate (or velocity
a
gradient) of the thermoplastic or thermoplastic compound
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
extrudate as it passes through the capillary die.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This velocity gradient is not uniform
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
through the cross-section of the capillary die. The shear rate is
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
calculated for the region of highest shear, which is at the wall
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ofthecapillary.Byselectingadiediameterandcontrollingthe
NOTE1—ThereisnoknownISOequivalenttothisstandard.Thescope
volume flow per unit time through the die, a specific level of
ofthisstandardismentionedinISO11443:2014,Plastics—Determination
apparent shear rate is achieved. Alternately, the shear stress
of the fluidity of plastics using capillary and slit-die rheometers,” Annex
(entrance pressure) is controlled, and the apparent shear rate
C, “Uncertainties in the determination of shear viscosity by capillary
extrusion.”
measured.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Mathematically,theapparentshearrate
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
atthewallofthecapillaryforaNewtonianfluidatthecapillary
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
wall is given by the following:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
32·Q
γ˙ 5 (1)
a 3
π·D
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties
2
(Section D20.30.08). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5422–09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5422-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5422 − 17
where: obtained by applying the Bagley Correction Factor (E)tothe
−1
apparent shear stress (see 3.1.7.1 and 3.1.7.2). The Bagley
γ˙ = apparent shear rate, s ,
a
3
correction compensates for energy losses at the entrance and
Q = q
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5422 − 09 D5422 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Properties of Thermoplastic Materials by
1
Screw-Extrusion Capillary Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method uses capillary rheometry to measure the rheological properties of thermoplastics
and thermoplastic compounds. This test method utilizes a screw-extrusion-type capillary rheometer.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the use of a screw-extrusion-type capillary rheometer for the measurement of flow properties of
thermoplastics and thermoplastic compounds. The measured flow properties, which are obtained through laboratory investigation,
may help to describe the material behavior that occurs in factory processing.
1.2 Since a screw-type capillary rheometer imparts shear energy to the material during testing, the measurements will usually
differ from those obtained with a piston-type capillary rheometer (see Test Method D3835).
1.3 Capillary rheometer measurements for thermoplastics and thermoplastic compounds are described in Test Method D3835.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. The scope of this standard is mentioned in ISO 11443:2014, Plastics—Determination of
the fluidity of plastics using capillary and slit-die rheometers,” Annex C, “Uncertainties in the determination of shear viscosity by capillary extrusion.”
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer
D3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: (See Terminology D883):
3.1.1 apparent shear rate (γ˙ ) —)—shear strain rate (or velocity gradient) of the thermoplastic or thermoplastic compound
a
extrudate as it passes through the capillary die.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties (Section
D20.30.08).
Current edition approved April 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2017. Published April 2009January 2018. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D5422 – 03.D5422 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D5422-09.10.1520/D5422-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5422 − 17
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
This velocity gradient is not uniform through the cross-section of the capillary die. The shear rate is calculated for the region of
highest shear, which is at the wall of the capillary. By selecting a die diameter and controlling the volume flow per unit time
through the die, a specific level of apparent shear rate is achieved. Alternately, the shear stress (entrance pressure) is controlled,
and the apparent shear rate measured.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—
Mathematically, the apparent shear rate at the wall of the capillary for a Newtonian fluid at the capillary wall is given by the
foll
...
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