ASTM F2686-10

Standard Specification for Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coiled, machine-made glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic pipe up to 6 in. nominal size, having discrete, unbonded inner and outer layers of thermoplastic compounds and an intermediate structural layer of unbonded, dry glass fiber reinforcement to provide higher strength. Included are a classification system and requirements for materials, mechanical properties, dimensions, performance, methods of test, and marking. Reinforced thermoplastic pipes are used for oil and gas applications, including transport of multiphase fluids, hydrocarbon gases, hydrocarbon liquids and non-potable water. Physical requirements cover workmanship, dimensions and tolerances, pipe requirements (pressure design basis, cell classification, pipe re-categorization, bending requirements), fittings requirements, joint requirements (leak test, tensile pull test requirements, temperature cycling, elevated temperature test).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coiled, machine-made glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic pipe up to 6 in. nominal size, having discrete, unbonded inner and outer layers of thermoplastic compounds and an intermediate structural layer of unbonded, dry glass fiber reinforcement to provide higher strength. Included are a classification system and requirements for materials, mechanical properties, dimensions, performance, methods of test, and marking. Reinforced thermoplastic pipes are used for oil and gas applications, including transport of multiphase fluids, hydrocarbon gases, hydrocarbon liquids and non-potable water.  
1.2 The piping system will comprise one or more runs of pipe along with mechanical fittings, designed and for use with this composite pipe, connecting them to each other and to the other pipeline components.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2010
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.68 - Energy Piping Systems

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2686 −10 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Specification for
Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A350/A350MSpecificationforCarbonandLow-AlloySteel
Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping
1.1 This specification covers coiled, machine-made glass
Components
fiber reinforced thermoplastic pipe up to 6 in. nominal size,
D578Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
having discrete, unbonded inner and outer layers of thermo-
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
plastic compounds and an intermediate structural layer of
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
unbonded, dry glass fiber reinforcement to provide higher
D1598Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
strength. Included are a classification system and requirements
Under Constant Internal Pressure
formaterials,mechanicalproperties,dimensions,performance,
D1599Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic
methods of test, and marking. Reinforced thermoplastic pipes
Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
are used for oil and gas applications, including transport of
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
multiphase fluids, hydrocarbon gases, hydrocarbon liquids and
tics
non-potable water.
D2105Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of
1.2 The piping system will comprise one or more runs of
“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
pipe along with mechanical fittings, designed and for use with
Resin) Pipe and Tube
this composite pipe, connecting them to each other and to the
D2122Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
other pipeline components.
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
D2143 Test Method for Cyclic Pressure Strength of
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical Reinforced, Thermosetting Plastic Pipe
D2412Test Method for Determination of External Loading
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
D2992Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sign Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3350Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tings Materials
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
2.2 PPI Standards:
2. Referenced Documents
TR-4PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Hy-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
drostatic Design Stress (HDS), Strength Design Basis
A105/A105MSpecification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
(SDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB) and Minimum Re-
Piping Applications
quired Strength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping
A106/A106MSpecification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe
Materials or Pipe
for High-Temperature Service
2.3 ANSI Standards:
A333/A333MSpecification for Seamless and Welded Steel
B 16.5Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
Pipe for Low-Temperature Service
3. Terminology
1 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.68 on Energy nologies D883 and F412 and abbreviations are in accordance
Piping Systems.
with Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. DOI:10.1520/
F2686–10.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Irving, TX 75062, http://www.plasticpipe.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2686−10
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: and four Arabic numbers identifying, respectively, the cell
3.2.1 glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic pipe, n—a tubular classification designations of the short-term rupture pressure,
product comprised of an inner thermoplastic layer reinforced longitudinal tensile strength, longitudinal tensile modulus and
with helically wound un-bonded glass fibers covered with an pipe stiffness.
outer thermoplastic layer.
4.1.3.1 Example: D1234. Such a designation would de-
scribe a glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic pipe having a
3.2.2 inner layer, n—an inner thermoplastic layer to contain
cyclic pressure design basis of 630 psig (4.34 MPa); a
the transported fluid.
short-term rupture pressure exceeding 1 000 psig (6.89 MPa),
3.2.3 lower confidence limit—the 95% lower confidence
alongitudinaltensilestrengthexceeding15000psi(103MPa),
limit of the pressure regression curve, determined as per
a longitudinal tensile modulus exceeding3×10 psi (20 700
Practice D2992. Unless otherwise stated, the 95% lower
MPa) and a pipe stiffness exceeding 300 lbf/in (2 069 kPa).
confidence limit is defined at the design life.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—For 95% confidence limits, there is a
5. Materials and Manufacture
2.5% probability that the mean value for the regression line
may fall above the upper confidence limit and a 2.5% prob-
5.1 General—The thermoplastic materials, glass fiber
ability that the mean value for the regression line may fall
reinforcement, colorant, or other materials, or a combination
below the lower confidence limit.
thereof,whencombinedaspipingcomponents,shallproducea
pipe system that shall meet the performance requirements of
3.2.4 outer layer, n—an outer thermoplastic layer to protect
this specification.
the reinforcement layer.
3.2.5 reinforcement layer—a layer, comprised of un-bonded
5.2 Pipe layers—Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe is a com-
dry glass fibers helically wound around the inner layer, which
posite pipe product, capable of being made in long continuous
provides the strength of the composite pipe.
lengths and coiled for storage, transport and installation. The
first step in the production process is extrusion of a thermo-
4. Classification
plasticinnerlayerorbarriertocontainthetransportedfluidand
4.1 General—Pipemeetingthisspecificationisclassifiedby contribute a portion of the mechanical strength. The next step
is addition of a structural glass fiber layer over the inner layer
pressure design basis and by a cell classification system that
defines the basic mechanical properties of the pipe. These toprovidethemajorityofthemechanicalstrengthtowithstand
theloadsappliedduringserviceandinstallation.Thisstructural
pressure design basis categories and cell classification desig-
nations are as follows: layer typically consists of an even number of balanced helical
windings of continuous glass fiber reinforcement, applied as
4.1.1 Pressure Design Basis—Two methods of classifying
thepressuredesignbasisofthepipeareprovided.Pipemeeting helically wound unbonded fibers using an automated process
control. In the third and final step an outer thermoplastic layer
this specification may be classified using either the cyclic test
method or the static test method, or both, and the designations is extruded on top of the structural layer. This outer layer
are shown in Table 1. Appendix X1 explains how these protects the structure during installation and operation, and
pressure design basis categories are to be used. may help transfer mechanical loads within the end fitting.
4.1.2 Mechanical Properties—Table 2 presents a cell clas- Mechanical end fittings are used to terminate pipe ends or
sification system for identifying the mechanical properties of connect adjacent pipe sections.
pipe covered by this specification.
5.3 Materials Selection—The manufacturer shall be respon-
NOTE1—Table1andTable2simplylistpossiblecombinationscovered sible for the selection and supply of all materials so that they
bytheaboveclassificationsystemandarenotintendedtobeindicativeof
meet the specified service and installation requirements. Dif-
commercial availability.
ferent material grades can be used in the thermoplastic inner
4.1.3 Pipe Designation Code—The pipe designation code
and outer layers provided the combination meets the require-
shall consist of the static or cyclic PDB level in a capital letter
ments of this standard.
5.3.1 Thermoplastic Inner Layer—The inner layer shall be
constructed from polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene
TABLE 1 Pressure Design Basis Categories
materialcomplyingwithSpecificationD3350andlistedinPPI
Cyclic Test Method Static Test Method
Designation Pressure Design Designation Pressure Design TR-4.EitherPE2708,PE3608orPE4710,asdefinedandlisted
Basis, Basis,
in PPI TR-4, with a Specification D3350 minimum cell
psig (MPa) psig (MPa)
classification of 233373, 345464 and 444474 respectively is to
A 315 (2.17) N 315 (2.17)
B 400 (2.76) O 400 (2.76)
be used for polyethylene. PEX materials as defined and listed
C 500 (3.45) P 500 (3.45)
in PPI TR-4 are to be used for crosslinked polyethylene.
D 630 (4.34) Q 630 (4.34)
E 800 (5.52) R 800 (5.52) 5.3.2 Structural Layer—The structural layer provides the
F 1 000 (6.89) S 1 000 (6.89)
strength of the composite pipe. The material used shall be
G 1 250 (8.62) T 1 250 (8.62)
boron-free modified E-glass (ECR) fibers as defined in Speci-
H 1 600 (11.0) U 1 600 (11.0)
I 2 000 (13.8) V 2 000 (13.8) fication D578. The glass shall be applied in two layers that
J 2 500 (17.2) W 2 500 (17.2)
have opposite wrap directions. The angle of each wrap layer
K 3 150 (21.7) X 3 150 (21.7)
shall be 55 6 5 degrees from the axial direction, such that the
L 4 000 (27.6) Y 4 000 (27.6)
angle between the layers when they cross is 110 610 degrees.
F2686−10
TABLE 2 Physical Property Requirements
A
Designation Mechanical 0 12 3 4 5 6
Order Number Property
1 Short-term rupture pressure, . 1 000 (6.89) 2 000 (13.8) 3 000 (20.7) 4 000 (27.6) 5 000 (34.5) 6 000 (41.4)
min, psig (MPa)
2 Longitudinal tensile strength, . 8 000 (55.2) 15 000 (103) 25 000 (172) 35 000 (241) 45 000 (310) 55 000 (379)
min, psi (MPa)
3 Longitudinal tensile modulus, . 1 (6 900) 2 (13 000) 3 (20 700) 4 (27 600) 5 (34 500) 6 (41 400)
min, psi X 10 (MPa)
4 Pipe stiffness at 5% deflection, . 100 (689) 150 (1,034) 200 (1,379) 300 (2,069) 400 (2,759) 500 (3,448)
min, lbf/in (kPa)
A
Unspecified.
NOTE 2—The wrap angle is controlled during manufacture by the
6. Physical Requirements
process equipment parameters. A successful burst test result verifies the
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe shall be free of all defects
adequacy of the applied wrap angle.
including indentations, bubbles, pinholes, and foreign
5.3.2.1 Thestructurallayerthicknessshallmeettherequire-
inclusions, which, due to their nature, degree, or extent,
ments given in Table 3.
detrimentally affect the strength and serviceability of the pipe.
5.3.3 Thermoplastic Outer Layer—The outer layer shall be
The pipe shall be as uniform as commercially practicable in
constructed from polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene
color, opacity, and other physical properties. The bore of the
materialcomplyingwithSpecificationD3350andlistedinPPI
pipe shall be smooth and uniform.All pipe ends shall be cut at
TR-4.EitherPE2708,PE3608orPE4710,asdefinedandlisted
right angles to the axis of the pipe and any sharp edges
in PPI TR-4, with a Specification D3350 minimum cell
removed.
classification of 233373, 345464 and 444474 respectively is to
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—The inside diameter, out-
be used for polyethylene. PEX materials as defined and listed
side diameter, wall thickness and tolerances of pipe meeting
in PPI TR-4 are to be used for crosslinked polyethylene. The
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Table 4,
outer layer material shall contain a suitable level of UV
when determined in accordance with 8.3.
inhibitor for the service intended.
6.3 Pipe Requirements:
5.4 Rework Material—Clean rework material only from the
6.3.1 Pressure Design Basis (PDB)—Pipe meeting this
first step production of the PE inner layer and not subjected to
specification shall be categorized by a long - term static or
the second step glass fiber wrapping, generated from the pipe
cyclic pressure design basis as shown in Table 1.Apipe from
manufacturer’sownpipeproduction,maybeusedfortheinner
each Design Basis Category shall be tested in accordance with
or outer layers, provided that it can be demonstrated that the
8.4 or 8.5, as applicable. The pressure design basis of other
composite pipe produced meets all the requirements of this
pipesizeswiththesamepressuredesignbasishavingthesame
specification.
materials, reinforcement configuration, reinforcement wrap
5.5 Fittings:
angles, and reinforcement stress levels but different pipe
5.5.1 Fittings shall be of metallic construction complying
diameteraspipepreviouslytestedinaccordancewith8.4or8.5
with material designation AISI 4130 or 4140, Specifications
shallbeconfirmedthroughtestinginaccordancewith8.9.Pipe
A105/A105M, A106/A106M, A333/A333M or A350/A350M.
used in static pressure applications shall also meet the cyclic
Specific materials referenced in this section are common
capability requirement described in 8.16.
materials used in these types of products. Alternate materials
NOTE 3—Since the ratio of inside diameter to structural layer thickness
proven to provide equal or better performance are acceptable.
is constant within a PDB rating, only one pipe diameter per PDB rating
5.5.2 All steel flanges shall comply with ANSI B 16.5
needs complete Specification D2992 testing. The other pipe diameters
requirements.
withinaPDBratingshallbeconfirmedbytestingperSpecificationD2992
5.5.3 The fittings may be finished with a protective coating
Section 12. See Appendix X2 for inside diameter/structural layer thick-
compatible with the intended service. ness ratios.
TABLE 3 Structural Layer Thickness, in. (mm)
Nominal Pipe Size PDB Psig (MPa) Structural Layer Thickness Tolerance of Layer Thickness
2 800 (5.52) 0.025 (0.64) ± 0.002 (0.0
...