iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM B659-90(2014)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings

Standard Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Most coating specifications specify the thickness of the coating because coating thickness is often an important factor in the performance of the coating in service.  
3.2 The methods included in this guide are suitable for acceptance testing and are to be found in ASTM standards.  
3.3 Each method has its own limitations with respect to the kind of coating and its thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the methods for measuring the thickness of many metallic and inorganic coatings including electrodeposited, mechanically deposited, vacuum deposited, anodic oxide, and chemical conversion coatings.  
1.2 This guide is limited to tests considered in ASTM standards and does not cover certain tests that are employed for special applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2014
ICS
17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.10 - Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Buy Standard

ASTM B659-90(2014) - Standard Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsASTM B659-90(2014) - Standard Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
PreviousNext
Guide
ASTM B659-90(2014) - Standard Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B659 − 90 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
1
Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates
B567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
1.1 This guide covers the methods for measuring the thick-
by the Beta Backscatter Method
ness of many metallic and inorganic coatings including
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
electrodeposited, mechanically deposited, vacuum deposited,
by X-Ray Spectrometry
anodic oxide, and chemical conversion coatings.
B588 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Trans-
1.2 This guide is limited to tests considered in ASTM
parent or Opaque Coatings by Double-Beam Interference
standardsanddoesnotcovercertainteststhatareemployedfor
Microscope Technique
special applications.
B681 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness ofAnodic
CoatingsonAluminumandofOtherTransparentCoatings
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this on Opaque Surfaces Using the Light-Section Microscope
3
(Discontinued 2001) (Withdrawn 2001)
standard.
B767 Guide for Determining Mass Per Unit Area of Elec-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
trodeposited and Related Coatings by Gravimetric and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Other Chemical Analysis Procedures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1463 Metal and Oxide Coatings—Measurement of Thick-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ness by Microscopic Examination of Cross Sections
2. Referenced Documents 2128 Surface Treatment of Metals—Anodization (Anodic
2
Oxidation) ofAluminum and ItsAlloys—Measurement of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the Thickness of Oxide Coatings—Nondestructive Mea-
B244 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness ofAnodic
surement by Light Section Microscope
Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive
2176 Petroleum Products Lubricating Grease Determination
Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-
of Dropping Point
Current Instruments
2177 Metallic Coatings—Measurement of Coating
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
Thickness—Coulometric Method by Anodic Solution
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
2178 Non-Magnetic Metallic and Vitreous or Porcelain
Cross Section
EnamelCoatingsonMagneticBasisMetals,Measurement
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
of Coating Thickness, Magnetic Method
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
2360 Non-Conductive Coatings on Non-Magnetic Basis
Magnetic Basis Metals
Metals—Measurement of Coating Thickness—Eddy Cur-
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
rent Method
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
2361 Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings on Magnetic and
B530 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
Non-Magnetic Substrates—Measurement of Coating
by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coat-
Thickness—Magnetic Method
3497 Metallic Coatings—Measurement of Coating
1
Thickness—X-Ray Spectrometric Methods
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and
Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 on Test
3543 Metallic and Non-Metallic Coatings—Measurement of
Methods.
Thickness—Beta Backscatter Method
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
ε1
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B659–90(2008) .
DOI: 10.1520/B0659-90R14.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B659 − 90 (2014)
3. Significance and Use 5.3.3 Suitable equipment is available commercially (Test
Method B568 and ISO 3497).
3.1 Most coating specifications specify the thickness of the
coating because coating thickness is of
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM B504-90(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Measurement of the thickness of a coating is essential to assessing its utility and cost.  
4.2 The coulometric method destroys the coating over a very small (about 0.1 cm2) test area. Therefore its use is limited to applications where a bare spot at the test area is acceptable or the test piece may be destroyed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thickness of metallic coatings by the coulometric method, also known as the anodic solution or electrochemical stripping method.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B748-90(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful for the direct measurement of the thicknesses of metallic coatings and of individual layers of composite coatings, particularly for layers thinner than normally measured with the light microscope.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for acceptance testing.  
4.3 This test method is for the measurement of the thickness of the coating over a very small area and not of the average or minimum thickness per se.  
4.4 Accurate measurements by this test method generally require very careful sample preparation, especially at the greater magnifications.  
4.5 The coating thickness is an important factor in the performance of a coating in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of metallic coating thicknesses by examination of a cross section with a scanning electron microsope (SEM).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B568-98(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is a sensitive, noncontact, and nondestructive method for measuring the coating thickness (and in some cases, coating composition) of metallic and some nonmetallic coatings over a range of thicknesses from as little as 0.01 μm to as much as 75 μm depending on the coating and substrate materials. It can be used to measure coating and base combinations that are not readily measured by other techniques.  
5.2 The coating thickness is an important factor in the performance of a coating in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of X-ray spectrometry to determine thickness of metallic and some nonmetallic coatings.  
1.2 The maximum measurable thickness for a given coating is that thickness beyond which the intensity of the characteristic secondary X radiation from the coating or the substrate is no longer sensitive to small changes in thickness.  
1.3 This test method measures the mass of coating per unit area, which can also be expressed in units of linear thickness provided that the density of the coating is known.  
1.4 Problems of personnel protection against radiation generated in an X-ray tube or emanating from a radioisotope source are not covered by this test method. For information on this important aspect, reference should be made to current documents of the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurement, Federal Register, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards), and to state and local codes if such exist.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B530-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The thickness of a coating is often critical to its performance. This magnetic method is suitable for measuring nondestructively the thickness of some nickel coatings and for specification acceptance.  
5.2 This method requires that the magnetic properties of the coating and its substrate be the same as those of the reference standards used for the calibration adjustment of the instrument.  
5.3 This method should not be used to determine the thickness of autocatalytically deposited nickel-phosphorus alloys containing more than 8 % phosphorus on steel. Those coatings are sufficiently nonmagnetic for Test Method B499 to be suitable for that determination, as long as the measurement is made prior to any heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of magnetic instruments for the nondestructive measurement of the thickness of an electrodeposited nickel coating on either a magnetic or nonmagnetic substrate. It is intended to supplement manufacturers’ instructions for the operation of the instruments and is not intended to replace them.  
1.2 These instruments measure either the magnetic attraction between a magnet and the coating-substrate combination (categorized as “magnetic pull-off”), or the change in magnetic flux density within the probe (categorized as “electronic”).  
1.3 For this test method, there are two types of coating-substrate combinations that can be encountered: Type A, nickel coatings on a magnetic substrate, and Type B, nickel coatings on a nonmagnetic substrate.  
1.4 The effective measuring ranges of instruments using the principle of magnetic attraction are up to 50 μm (2 mils) for Type A coatings, and up to 25 μm (1 mil) for Type B coatings. For gages based on change in magnetic flux density principles, the effective ranges are much greater, and measurements up to 1 mm (40 mils) or more, can be made on both types of coatings.  
1.5 Measurements made in accordance with this test method will be in compliance with the requirements of ISO Standard 2361 as printed in 1982.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B490-09(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposits

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as one method of controlling some electroplating solutions. It serves to indicate the presence of contamination or some other adverse condition.  
4.2 Ductility measurements are of particular value when electroplated parts are to be subjected to moderate stress such as that involved in bolting an electroplated bumper to an automobile or when exposed to a wide range of fluctuating temperatures (thermal shock).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for measuring the ductility of electrodeposited foils.2  
1.2 This practice is suitable only for the evaluation of electrodeposits having low ductility.  
1.3 The obtained ductility values must only be considered semi-quantitative because this test has a significant operator dependence.  
1.4 This practice is best used for in-house process control where measurements are always made by the same operator. A change in ductility value can be used as an indication of possible changes in the electroplating solution.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B244-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The thickness of a coating is often critical to its performance. This eddy-current method is nondestructive and is suitable for measuring the thickness of anodic coatings on aluminum, as well as the thickness of most nonconductive coatings on nonmagnetic basis metals.  
5.2 This test method requires that the conductivity of the substrate be the same in the reference standard used for calibration adjustment and in the coated article to be measured.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of eddy-current instruments for the nondestructive measurement of the thickness of a nonconductive coating on a nonmagnetic basis metal. It is intended to supplement manufacturers’ instructions for the operation of the instruments and is not intended to replace them.  
1.2 This test method is particularly useful for measuring the thickness of an anodic coating on aluminum alloys. Chemical conversion coatings are too thin to be measured by this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B499-09(2021)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The thickness of a coating is often critical to its performance. For most nonferrous coatings on steel, the magnetic method is reliable for measuring coating thickness nondestructively and is suitable for specification acceptance testing and SPC/SQC applications.  
5.2 This test method should not be used to determine the thickness of electrodeposited nickel coatings on steel. Test Method B530 is suitable for that determination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of magnetic instruments for the nondestructive measurement of the thickness of nonmagnetic coatings over ferrous or other magnetic base metals. It is intended to supplement manufacturers’ instructions for the operation of the instruments and is not intended to replace them.
Note 1: Autocatalytically deposited nickel-phosphorus alloys containing more than 8 % phosphorus are sufficiently nonmagnetic to be measured by this test method, as long as the measurement is made prior to any heat treatment.  
1.2 These instruments measure either the magnetic attraction between a magnet and the basis metal, as influenced by the presence of the coating (categorized as “magnetic pull-off”), or the change in magnetic-flux density within the probe (categorized as “electronic”). These instruments cannot distinguish the thickness of individual layers. They can only measure the cumulative thickness of all layers beneath the probe down to the base metal.  
1.3 Measurements made in accordance with this test method will be in compliance with the requirements of ISO International Standard 2178.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B567-98(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thickness or mass per unit area of a coating is often critical to its performance.  
4.2 For some coating-substrate combinations, the beta backscatter method is a reliable method for measuring the coating nondestructively.  
4.3 The test method is suitable for thickness specification acceptance if the mass per unit area is specified. It is not suitable for specification acceptance if the coating thickness is specified and the density of the coating material can vary or is not known.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the beta backscatter gages for the nondestructive measurement of metallic and nonmetallic coatings on both metallic and nonmetallic substrate materials.  
1.2 The test method measures the mass of coating per unit area, which can also be expressed in linear thickness units provided that the density of the coating is known.  
1.3 The test method is applicable only if the atomic numbers or equivalent atomic numbers of the coating and substrate differ by an appropriate amount (see 6.2).  
1.4 Beta backscatter instruments employ a number of different radioactive isotopes. Although the activities of these isotopes are normally very low, they can present a hazard if handled incorrectly. This standard does not purport to address the safety issues and the proper handling of radioactive materials. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with applicable State and Federal regulations concerning the handling and use of radioactive material. Some States require licensing and registration of the radioactive isotopes.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B659-90(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Most coating specifications specify the thickness of the coating because coating thickness is often an important factor in the performance of the coating in service.  
3.2 The methods included in this guide are suitable for acceptance testing and are to be found in ASTM standards.  
3.3 Each method has its own limitations with respect to the kind of coating and its thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the methods for measuring the thickness of many metallic and inorganic coatings including electrodeposited, mechanically deposited, vacuum deposited, anodic oxide, and chemical conversion coatings.  
1.2 This guide is limited to tests considered in ASTM standards and does not cover certain tests that are employed for special applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C664-10(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 A diffusion coating is one produced by causing an element or elements to react with or diffuse into, or both, the surface of a metallic substrate, thus chemically altering the substrate adjacent to the surface. To appreciate the significance of coating thickness measurements one must understand the contributions to a particular coating of solid-solution zones in the substrate and reaction products such as intermetallic compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring the thickness of diffusion coatings.  
1.2 Test Method A is the determination of the dimensional-change thickness, defined as the difference in the thickness of the part before and after coating. (The terms micrometer thickness and part growth are considered synonymous with dimensional change thickness.)  
1.3 Test Method B is the determination of total coating thickness, defined as the distance between the observably unaffected substrate and the exterior surface of the coating. This includes the total of all included phases, zones and layers. (The term case depth is considered to be synonymous with total coating thickness.) The total coating thickness is determined by cross-sectioning the coating, preparing a metallurgical mount and microscopically measuring the coating thickness.  
1.4 The total coating thickness as determined microscopically from a cross-section will usually be greater than, or equal to, the dimensional change thickness determined by part growth. When the coating is produced primarily by reaction with the substrate, the substrate-coating interface recedes as the substrate is consumed in the reaction. In such cases the difference between the total coating thickness and the dimensional change thickness is the thickness of the substrate consumed.  
1.5 Diffusion coatings are usually formed at elevated temperatures for service at elevated temperatures. This means that diffusion coatings are dynamic systems which are continually undergoing changes while in an elevated-temperature environment. It is necessary to know that certain phases are growing at the expense of others and to know the previous history of a coating to understand the significance of coating thickness data.  
1.6 Values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off