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ASTM D4169-09

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems

Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a guide for the evaluation of shipping units in accordance with a uniform system, using established test methods at levels representative of those occurring in actual distribution. The recommended test levels are based on available information on the shipping and handling environment, and current industry/government practice and experience (1-13). The tests should be performed sequentially on the same containers in the order given. For use as a performance test, this practice requires that the shipping unit tested remain unopened until the sequence of tests are completed. If used for other purposes, such as package development, it may be useful to open and inspect shipping units at various times throughout the sequence. This may, however, prohibit evaluating the influence of the container closure on container performance.
For Distribution Cycle 18, as referred to in MIL-STD-2073–1, the use of this practice is defined in subsequent sections identified as DC-18.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures.
1.2 Consider the use of Practice D7386 for testing of packages for single parcel shipments.
1.3 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2009
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4169-08 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D4169-14 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2014
Referred By
ASTM D6573/D6573M-13(2020) - Standard Specification for General Purpose Wirebound Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6179-20 - Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6653/D6653M-13(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM A700-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D999-08(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM E921-97(2022) - Standard Specification for Export Packaged Laboratory Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D951-17 - Standard Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6055-96(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6880/D6880M-19 - Standard Specification for Wood Boxes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4728-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1484-10(2018) - Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6537-00(2021) - Standard Practice for Instrumented Package Shock Testing For Determination of Package Performance
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4727/D4727M-22 - Standard Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4169 − 09
StandardPractice for
1
Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
tainers
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated
Packaging Components for Testing
hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles.
D4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Ship-
This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications
ping Containers
or existing preshipment test procedures.
D5265 Test Method for Bridge Impact Testing
1.2 Consider the use of Practice D7386 for testing of
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
packages for single parcel shipments.
Free Fall
1.3 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous D5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal
materials has not been determined. Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
D5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Contain-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ers by Shock Machines
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
and are not considered standard.
D6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D6344 Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Packages
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D6653 Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
D7386 Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for
2. Referenced Documents
Single Parcel Delivery Systems
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1327 Terminology Relating to Barrier Materials for Medi-
3
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance
cal Packaging (Withdrawn 2007)
of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
4
2.2 Military Standards:
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Contain-
MIL-STD-810F Environmental Test Methods
ers and Systems
MIL-STD-2073–1 DOD Standard Practice for Military
D951 Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Con-
Packaging
tainers by Spray Method
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
3. Terminology
ments
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for the packaging and
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging distribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.21onShippingContainersand
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4169 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D4169-09.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4169 − 09
3.2.1 acceptance criteria—the acceptable quality level that 3.3.5 LTL—less than truckload.
must be met after the shipping unit has been subjected to the
4. Significance and Use
test plan. See Section 7.
4.1 This practice provides a guide for the evaluation of
3.2.2 assurance level—theleveloftestintensitybasedonits
shipping units in accordance with a
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4169–08 Designation:D4169–09
Standard Practice for
1
Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thispracticeprovidesauniformbasisofevaluating,inalaboratory,theabilityofshippingunitstowithstandthedistribution
environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements
encountered in various distribution cycles.This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment
test procedures.
1.2This practice does not include performance testing of packages for single parcel shipments (see Practice
1.2 Consider the use of Practice D7386 ). for testing of packages for single parcel shipments.
1.3 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D951 Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
D4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
D5265 Test Method for Bridge Impact Testing
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
D5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
D5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
D6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6344 Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
D6653 Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
D7386 Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
F1327 Terminology Relating to Barrier Materials for Medical Packaging
3
2.2 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-810F Environmental Test Methods
MIL-STD-2073–1 DOD Standard Practice for Military Packaging
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Aug.Nov. 1, 2008.2009. Published August 2008.November 2009. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20052008 as
D4169 – 058. DOI: 10.1520/D4169-089.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4169–09
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for the packaging and distribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acceptance criteria—the acceptable qualit
...

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4.1 These test methods are normally used for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 To evaluate materials and constructions for a specific type of container,  
4.1.2 To compare performance of different types of containers,  
4.1.3 To determine adequacy of protection for a specific product or application, and  
4.1.4 To maintain quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rates for bulk shipping containers, as follows:  
1.1.1 Method A, for Reclosable Containers, and  
1.1.2 Method B, for Containers Not Designed for Reclosing.  
1.2 Within each procedure details are given for the constant and cycle methods of test atmosphere.  
1.3 The test may be applied to the container as packed, or after one or more performance tests such as drum (Method D782), vibration (Methods D999), drop (Test Method D5276), impact resistance (Test Methods D880, D4003, and D5277), or performance tests (Practice D4169), as required.  
1.4 For small shipping containers requiring greater accuracy in weighing, the water vapor transmission may be determined in accordance with Test Method D895 or Test Method D1251.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5168-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-Wall Corrugated Fiberboard Containers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Triple-wall corrugated fiberboard containers are used to unitize products into containers of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
4.2 This practice is intended to cover some of the basic constructions and styles of commercially available triple-wall fiberboard packaging used to unitize and protect contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the fabrication and closure of new triple-wall corrugated fiberboard containers.  
1.2 This practice indicates the factors and components that must be controlled in the manufacture of triple-wall fiberboard containers.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off