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ASTM D2063/D2063M-10(2018)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method allows for the measurement of the torque retention properties of container/continuous thread closure systems of various designs, materials, and manufacture, and is suitable for packaging development and engineering evaluation.  
5.2 This test method can be used for the evaluation of container/continuous thread closure systems under controlled conditions (where the application torque is known and the applied downward force to the closure is zero).  
5.3 This test method measures torque retention properties of container/continuous thread closure systems with the use of a non-automated, spring torque-meter (with either a dial indicator or a digital readout) or a torque wrench.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods evaluate the torque retention of continuous thread closures on containers, with matching finishes, for predetermined environmental conditions over time.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: The SI unit system is the recommended system.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2018
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.25 - Rigid Container Closure Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2063/D2063M-10(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018
Refers
ASTM D4169-23e1 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D4169-23 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D3474-23 - Standard Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging Applications
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM E171/E171M-11(2020) - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Packaging
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D3474-90(2018) - Standard Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging Applications
Effective Date
15-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM E171/E171M-11(2015) - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Packaging
Effective Date
01-Oct-2015
Refers
ASTM D4169-14 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2014
Refers
ASTM E691-13 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Refers
ASTM D4332-13 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
Refers
ASTM D3474-90(2012) - Standard Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging Applications
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Refers
ASTM E171/E171M-11 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Packaging
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Refers
ASTM E691-11 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2011
Refers
ASTM E41-92(2010) - Terminology Relating to Conditioning (Withdrawn 2019)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Refers
ASTM D996-10a - Standard Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010

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ASTM D2063/D2063M-10(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing EquipmentASTM D2063/D2063M-10(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment
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ASTM D2063/D2063M-10(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2063/D2063M − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with
Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated
(Manual) Torque Testing Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2063/D2063M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
D3474 Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters
1.1 These test methods evaluate the torque retention of
Used in Packaging Applications
continuous thread closures on containers, with matching
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
finishes, for predetermined environmental conditions over
tainers and Systems
time.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Packaging Components for Testing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in E41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each E171/E171M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining Barrier Packaging
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
with the standard. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 1—The SI unit system is the recommended system.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definitions of general packaging and distribution
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
terms, see Terminology D996.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2 For definitions of application torque and removal
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
torque, see Test Method D3198.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 For Definitions regarding conditioning, see Terminol-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ogy E41.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1 immediate removal torque—removal torque that is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
measured at a stated interval, from 1 to 5 min after closure
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
application.
3.2.2 torque retention—a comparison between removal
2. Referenced Documents
torque at the end of a test period and a predetermined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
immediate removal torque.
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
4. Summary of Test Methods
D3198 Test Method forApplication and Removal Torque of
4.1 Test Method A: Static Evaluation—At predetermined
timeintervals,theremovaltorquesofrepresentativesamplesof
a container/continuous thread closure system, previously
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on
stored at various environmental conditions, are measured.
PrimaryBarrierPackagingandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF02.25
4.2 Test Method B: Dynamic Evaluation—Practice D4169 is
on Rigid Container Closure Systems.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
used to develop a uniform system of evaluating the ability of
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2063/D2063M – 10
primary packages, in the shipping units, to withstand the
(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D2063_D2063M-10R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2063/D2063M − 10 (2018)
distribution environment. At the end of predetermined distri- 10.1.1 Select the minimum application torque for the
bution cycles, the removal torques of representative samples of container/continuous thread system as recommended by the
a container/continuous thread closure system are measured. closure manufacturer. (For example, the U.S. Pharmacopaeia,
the Society for the Plastics Industry, the Glass Container
5. Significance and Use
Manufacturers Institute, or other sources.)
5.1 This test method allows for the measurement of the
10.1.2 Firmly position the container or closure in such a
torque retention properties of container/continuous thread clo-
manner that the axis of rotation of the closure is concentric
sure systems of various designs, materials, and manufacture,
with the center of the torque measuring device. See Note 4.
and is suitable for packaging development and engineering
NOTE 4—It is recommended that one operator, and a single torque
evaluation.
instrument be used to apply all closures in any one test to reduce possible
operator/instrument inconsistencies and variabilities.
5.2 This test method can be used for the evaluation of
container/continuous thread closure systems under controlled
10.1.2.1 Exercise care in positioning the container or clo-
conditions (where the application torque is known and the
sure to prevent distortion of either component.
applied downward force to the closure is zero).
NOTE 5—Under certain conditions of product-filling, storage and
5.3 This test method measures torque retention properties of distribution, it may be desirable to combine appropriate segments of Test
Method A and Test Method B.
container/continuous thread closure systems with the use of a
non-automated, spring torque-meter (with either a dial indica-
10.1.3 Avoiding contact with the fixed component, grip the
tor or a digital readout) or a torque wrench.
movable component (normally the continuous thread closure)
and rotate it at a constant and uniform rate, in a tightening
6. Apparatus
direction, to the predetermined application torque.
6.1 Non-automated Spring Torque Meter, with an appropri-
10.1.4 Release the movable component (normally the con-
ate scale that accurately measures within the expected torque
tinuous thread closure) upon reaching the desired torque. See
range for the particular container/continuous thread closure
Note 6.
system to be evaluated.
10.1.5 Apply the balance of the closures or containers to the
6.1.1 Torque meter, if used, will have a scale where the
matching components as directed in 10.1.2, 10.1.3, and 10.1.4.
anticipated torque readings are not less than one-third of the
10.1.6 Store the assembled test specimens as appropriate in
maximum range of the scale for the container/continuous
accordance with Specification E171/E171M or Practice
thread closure system to be evaluated. Torque results will be
D4332.
available in a visual format.
10.1.6.1 Maintain one group of test specimens as a control
6.1.2 A torque wrench, if used, will have an appropriate
by storing this group at ambient laboratory conditions. See
design and capacity capable of providing a reading within the
Note 6.
anticipated range for the container/continuous thread closure
NOTE 6—The application torque range is usually determined on the
system to be evaluated. Torque results will be available in a
basis of the desired removal torque range.
visual format.
10.1.6.2 Maintain, as appropriate, one or more groups of
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
test specimens at constant temperatures different than ambient
laboratory conditions. If desired, cycling at various tempera-
7.1 Measure no less than
...

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ASTM
ASTM F34-13(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knowledge of extractives from flexible barrier materials may serve many useful purposes. A test cell constructed as described in this practice may be used for obtaining such data. Another test cell has been found equivalent to the one described in this practice. See the appendix for the source of the alternate cell.  
5.2 United States Federal Regulations 21CFR 176.170 (d)(3), 21CFR 177.1330 (e)(4), 21CFR 177.1360 (b), 21CFR 177.1670 (b), and 21CFR Appendix VI (b) cite this standard practice as the basis for determining the amount of extractables from the surface of a package or multilayer film or modified paper in contact with food. In some cases, it is the only practice defined for this purpose. No alternative detail is given in the regulations for conducting extractions.  
5.3 Test Method D4754 is not an equivalent to this test method. It is for two-sided extraction of films having the same material on both of the exposed surfaces of the film.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the construction of test cells which may be used for the extraction of components from flexible barrier materials by suitable extracting liquids, including foods and food simulating solvents.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1884-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining Residual Solvents in Packaging Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to measure volatile organic compounds that are emitted from packaging materials under high-temperature conditions.  
5.2 This test method may be useful in assisting in the development and manufacture of packaging materials having minimal retained packaging ink/adhesive solvents.  
5.3 Modification of this procedure by utilizing appropriate qualitative GC detection devices such as a mass spectrometer in place of the flame ionization detector may provide identification of volatile organics of unknown identity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of residual solvents released from within a packaging material contained in a sealed vial under a given set of time and temperature conditions and is a recommended alternative for Test Method F151.  
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for quantitating volatile compounds whose identity has been established and which are retained in packaging materials.  
1.3 The analyst should determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of the method by carrying out appropriate studies on the solvents of interest. The analyst is referred to Practice E260 for guidance.  
1.4 For purposes of verifying the identity of or identifying unknown volatile compounds the analyst is encouraged to incorporate techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy or other suitable techniques in conjunction with this test method.  
1.5 Sensitivity of this test method in the determination of the concentration of a given retained solvent must be determined on a case by case basis due to the variation in the substrate/solvent interaction between different types of samples.  
1.6 This test method does not address the determination of total retained solvents in a packaging material. Techniques such as multiple headspace extraction can be employed to this end. The analyst is referred to the manual supplied with the GC-Autosampling system for guidance.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F119-82(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials (Rapid Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is valuable in the development and selection of flexible barrier materials suited for use as grease barriers.  
4.2 The test is rapid in comparison with other methods because of the extremely small quantity of oil required for detection (about 6 μg). The actual time to failure is a multiple of the values obtained by this test method. When permeation is through an absorbent structure such as kraft paper coated with polyethylene, the failure times will be longer and variable, depending on the variation in porosity and thickness of the structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides standard conditions for determining the rate of grease penetration of flexible barrier materials. Pinholes, which can be measured by a separate test, will increase the rate of grease penetration as determined by this test method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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